Intelligent slime mold, but can it remember?
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Transcript of Intelligent slime mold, but can it remember?
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Daniel Himmelstein
Physarum polycephalum
BBC Journal Clublink to source
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link to source
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plasmodium
• vegetative state
• acellular
• multinuclear
• protoplasmic veins (tubules)
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link to source
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Ball et al. J Exp Bot. 2011
1,000-1,300 Mya
700-1,000 Mya
Chernikova et al. Biology Direct. 2011
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Nakagaki et al. Nature 2000
finds shortest path
hour 4 hour 8time 0
Maze Solving
coats entire agar plasmodium retracts
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Tokyo Railway
Tero et al. Science 2010
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Tero et al. Science 2010
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Tero et al. Science 2010
• efficiency• fault tolerance• cost
Actual Rail Network Slime Tubule Network
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Navigation Schemes
reactive
• immediate environment
• efficient
• novel exploration
global
• span entire search space
• map precedes solution
• no internalized memory
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Slime mold uses an externalized spatial “memory” to navigate in
complex environments.Chris R. Reid, Tanya Lattya, Audrey Dussutour, and Madeleine Beekman
PNAS October 23, 2012 vol. 109 no. 43 17490-17494
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Extracellular Slime Avoidance?
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391
40
< 0.001
Slime Coated Agar Blank
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1822
40
0.636
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716
23
0.93
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24 trials120 hours
Does extracellular slime function as a navigational aid?
blank(trail perceivable)
slime coated(trail masked)
glucose plasmodium
investigate the ability of the plasmodium to navigate around the trap and reach the glucose
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blan
k ag
ar
39 hours
71 hours
slim
e co
ated
aga
r
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Mean Speed of Plasmodium
50
0.345
2.5
millimeters per hour
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Proportion Finding Goal
96%
33%
< 0.001
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Mean Time to Reach Goal
800
0.012
40
hours
excluding trials over 120 hours
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Mean Distance Traveled
5000
< 0.001
250
millimeters
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Mean Time Spent in Trap
500
0.016
25
hours
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Mean Time Spent on own slime trail
400
0.042
20
hours
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13 trials 16 trials
measurement p-value
time to reach goal 0.374distance travelled 0.471
speed 0.889
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blan
k ag
ar
39 hours
71 hours
slim
e co
ated
aga
r
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first conclusion: extracellular slime avoidance provides a navigational benefit
• choice of 120 hour cutoff
• avoids extracellular slime for non-navigational reasons
• do navigational benefits hold across a variety of complex environments
• how are competing stimuli balanced
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• “storage and retrieval of information relating to past events”
• Spatial
• Externalized
• Collective
• Functional precursor
second conclusion: extracellular slime avoidance is a form of memory
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Memory
• epigenetic processes (chromatin structure)
• vernalization (chromatin remodeling records length of winter)
• immune response (antibodies)
• evolution (stored adaptations)
• ants (pheromone trails)
• sticky notes
“storage and retrieval of information relating to past events”
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Memory
• epigenetic processes (chromatin structure)
• vernalization (chromatin remodeling records length of winter)
• immune response (antibodies)
• evolution (stored adaptations)
• ants (pheromone trails)
• sticky notes
“internal storage and retrieval of information relating to past events”
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Memory
• epigenetic processes (chromatin structure)
• vernalization (chromatin remodeling records length of winter)
• immune response (antibodies)
• evolution (stored adaptations)
• ants (pheromone trails)
• sticky notes
“storage and retrieval of information relating to personal past events”
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The End: Questions