M.ay: I'5,: I.] T-SE BRk.ISHG DICAL 70URN.AL. 75r

With this enormous total mortality (3x8,228 deaths in all the districts),it is disappointing to learn that the reports on the outbreaks throw nopew light on the disease. Dr. Cuningham observes, however, that thegreat epidemic of 1879 will afford a large mass of evidence on whichthe many interesting and important points brought out in the reportsmay again be considered with advantage. This latter epidemic hascovered a very wide area, and has caused a very lamentable loss oflife, both among Europeans and natives. Information is being col-lected by which it may be possible to test the popular belief thatit has been due to the Hurdwar fair. Great difference of opinionprevails as to whether such a gathering ought to be prohibited, andwhether such a prohibition would materially alter the :course of thedisease or benefit the health of any portion of the community exceptthe pilgrims themselves. On all other practical points, there can beno real difference of opinion, however much theoretical views mayvary. Quarantine has been prohibited, because, even if the benefitwhich is expected from it could be demonstrated in theory, it isimpossible in practice. It involves grievous oppression, and has beenuniversally condemnedl by all sanitary authorities of any weight. Theunfortunate loss of life from cholera which characterised last year,especially among the troops returning from Afghanistan, Dr. Cuning-ham regards as evidence only that measures devised as far as prac-ticable to meet the belief in contagion as the cause of the disease, andcarried out by medical officers with the greatest care, have singularlyfailed; and he thinks that the time and trouble often devoted bymedical officers in endeavouring to find out the source of supposed im-portation or infection might be spent to better purpose in furtheringsanitary improvements.

ASSOCIATION INTELLIGENCE1BATH AND BRISTOL BRANCH.

TIIE sixth ordinary meeting of this Branch will be held at the BristolMuseum and Library, on WNednesday evenihg, May igth, at half-pastseven o'clock ; J. BEDDOE, M.D., President.

Clifton, May i88o. E. C. BOARD, Honorary Secretary.

NORTH OF IRELAND BRANCH.THE annual meeting of this Branch will be held in the Belfast RoyalHospital, on Thursday, the 20th AMay, at 4 P.m. The members willafterwards dine together.

Mlembers wishing to read any papers, or intending to be present atthe dinner, will please communicate with

JOHN MIOORE, MI.D., Honzorary Secretary.2, Carlisle Terrace, Belfast, April 26th, i88o.

MIETROPOLITAN COUNTIES BRANCH: EAST LONDONAND SOUTH ESSEX DISTRICT.

THE next meeting of this district will be held at the London HospitalMedical College on Thursday, Mlay 20th, at 9 P.M.; FREDK. WALLACE,L.R.C.P.Lond., in the Chair.

Business.-Arrangements for annual meeting of the district.Paper.-I. B. Berkart, M.D.: On Chronic Synovitis of the Knee-

Joint-its origin, symptoms, and consequences.A. GRANT, M.D., Hfonzoraiy Sect-etary.

370, Commercial Road, E., May ioth, i88o.

EAST YORK AND NORTH LINCOLN BRANCH.THE annual-meeting of this Branch will be held at the Hull Infirmaryon Wednesday, May 26th, at I.30 P.,m.

Gentlemen who desire to make any communication, or to proposeany resolution, are requested to inform the Secretary on or before Mayi5th. It has been decided that the time allotted to each communica-tion shall be limited to fifteen minutes.

E. P. IIARDEY, Hlonorary Secretary.Regent Terrace, Hull, April 29th, i88o.

EAST AND W0TEST KENT DISTRICTS: CONJOINTMEETING.

A CONJOINT meeting of the above districts will be held at St. Bartho-lomew's Hospital, Rochester, on Thursday, May 27th, at 2 P.M. The

r will be taken by Dr. BOWLES of Folkestone, President of the,astern Branch.

SOUTH MIDLAND BRANCH.THE annual meeting of the above branch will be held in the BoardRoom of the Northampton General Infirmary, on Thursday, May 27th,at half-past two o'clock, under the Presidency ofFRANK BUSZARDJ M.D.The following papers have been kindly promised.I. D. J. T. Francis, M.D.: A Few Words on Effects of Change of

Air on Health.2. W. Newman, M.D.: Scarlet Fever, in Special Reference to its

Sequeloe.3. G. P. Goldsmith, M.D.: Notes on an Interesting Case of Heart.

Disease.4. H. Veasey, Esq.: Cases in Surgery.5. A. Haviland, Esq.: The Principles of Climatology in reference to

Health-Resorts.6. R. H. Kinsey, Esq.: Some Notes on Surgical Cases.7. G. H. Percival, M. B.: Case of Extra-Uterine Faetation.8. WV. H. Bull, Esq.: Notes on Carbolic Acid Poisoning.9. C. J. Evans,- Esq.: Case of Abdominal Tumour.IO. A. H. Jones, M.B.: Case of Pelvic Hlematocele.

G. F. KIRBY SMITH, Honorary Secretary.Northampton, May ioth, I879.P.S.-The President requests the pleasure of the company of the

members of the Branch to luncheon at his residence, 43, AbingtonStreet, at a quarter past one o'clock.

SOUTH-EASTERN BRANCH: EAST SUSSEX DISTRICT.THE next meeting of this district will be held at the New KentishHotel, Tunbridge Wells, on Friday, May 12ISt, at 3.30 P.M. ; Dr.W. FAIRLIE CLARKE in the Chair.

Dinner will be provided at the hotel at 5.30 P.M.; charge, 6s., ex-clusive of wine.

Papers, etc., are promised by Dr. Milner Barry, Dr. Ranking, Mr.Manser, 'Mr. Stamford, and the Chairman.

Further communications will be acceptable, and notice thereof isrequested at once by the Secretary.

THOS. TROLLOPE, L.D., Hontorary District Secretary.9, Maze Hill, St. Leonard's-on-Sea, May IIth, i88o.

SOUTH-EASTERN BRANCH: WEST SUSSEX DISTRICT.A MIEETING of the above district will be held at WVorthing on Monday,MIay 31st. Miembers wishing to bring forward any communication, ordesirous of reading papers, etc., are requested to give notice to theHonorary Secretary without delay.

WM. J. HARRIS, Hontorary Secretary.13, Marine Parade, Worthing, May ioth, I880.

GLOUCESTERSHIRE BRANCH.TIlE next meeting will be held under the presidency of T. S. ELLIS,Esq., of Gloucester, at 4.30 P.-t., on Tuesday next, the i8th May,in the Board Room of the General Hospital, Cheltenham.

Business of thzc Aieeting.-I. To receive the Report of CQuncil withregard to the mode of Election of Officers. 2. Mr. T. S. Ellis: ThePresident's Address. 3. Dr. Inglis: On the use of the Sphygmo-graph. 4. Dr. Ferguson and Mr. Bennett: Empyema, and its Treat-ment by Free Incision. 5. Mr. Buibb: Precarcinomatous Eczerna ofthe Breast ; and a Remarkable Case of Renal Calculi. 6. Dr. Askwith:Abnormal Growth of Nails. 7. Mr. E. D. Bower: A Common Sur-gical Affection frequently overlooked. 8. Dr. Wilson: HystericalCough. 9. Mr. Cardew: Ulcers of the Leg, and their Treatment byMartin's Bandage.The dinner will be at.the Plough Hotel, at half-past seven.

RAYNER W. BATTEN, Honor-ary Secretary.Gloucester, May I880.

SOUTH OF IRELAND. BRANCH.TIlE quarterly meeting of the Branch will be held in the Royal CorkInstitution on Saturday, May 29th, at 4 P.M.Members intending to read papers or send communications will kindly

intimate their intention to the honorary secretaries as early as possible.P. J. CREMEN, M.D. Secretaries.T. G. ATKINS, M.D., HonOra;Y

Cork, May 12th, i88o.

SOUTHERN BRANCH: DORSET DISTRICT.A MEETING was held at Blandford on April 28th, under the Presidencyof Mr. G. WILLIAMSON DANIELL.

752 THE BRITISH MEDICAL YOURNAL. [May I5, x88a.

New7v Memiber-s.-Mr. Thomas P. Daniel of Beaminster, Dr. Fraser ofBournemouth, Dr. Humble of Corfe Castle, and AIr. Lamson of Bourne-mouth, were elected.Papers.-The following were read :-I. On Typhoid Fever, by the

President; 2. A Case of Distoma Hepaticum (Liver Fluke) in Man, byDrs. Huimble and Lush.A New Fillet was exhibited by the inventor, Dr. Philpot.NVext Afeeting,.-It was resolved that the October meeting be held at

Sherborne.Dinner-.-The members (twenty in number) dined together at the

Crown Hotel.

YORKSIHIRE BRANCH: SPRING MEETING.THE spring meeting of this Branch was held at the New Hospital andDispensary, Wakefield, on April 28th; the President (Mr. ARTHIURJACKSON) in the Chair. About fifty members were present.New Afembers.-Three new members were elected to the Association

and Branch-viz., MIr. F. Shand, York; Mr. GeorgeW. Wigin, Methley;Mr. Richard Favell, Sheffield.Papers.-The following papers were read and discussed.i. Dr. Rabagliati: The Classification and Nomenclature of Disease.2. MIr. Fowler: The Conservative Surgery of the Hand.3. Dr. Tibbits: The Modern Theory of the Action of Digitalis.4. Dr. II. C. Major: Observations on the Histology of the Brain in

Senile Atrophy.5. Dr. Holdsworth showed a patient with Progressive Mluscular

Atrophy, and related short notes of the case.Dinener.-Thirty-six members dined together at the Staffordl Arms

Hotel.

CORRESPONDENCE,ANIMAL VACCINATION.

SIR,-Allow me to have recourse to the publicity afforded by yourJOURNAL to make the two following corrections.

i. The late Dr. Seaton in a memorandum published in the AnnualReport of the Medical Officer of the Local Government Board forthe year I878 says: "The practice of vaccination in Belgium doesnot, as might have been supposed from the statements often made,afford to the observer much opportunity of seeing for himself thedirect action of animal lymph on the human subject, and of noting,for himself its relative degree of success. Vaccination from thecalf to the human subject was practised many years ago at Brussels atthe Institut Vaccinal de l'Etat, as stated by me in my report for I869[12th Report of Medical Officer of Privy Council]; but this has longbeen discontinued, and the vaccination generally in the kingdom iscarried on by vaccinators, public and private, from arm to arm. It isal)surd therefore to speak, as is sometimes done, of vaccination fromthe calf to the arm as the Belgian National System."

This statement is entirely inaccurate. Vaccination with calf-lymph atthe Institut Vaccinal de l'l:tat continues to be practised on a very largescale. One thousand four hundred medical practitioners out of thewhole number of two thousand five hundred in the country had recourseto it in I879, to renew their stock; this renewed, they have for themost part gone on with their vaccination by the arm-to-arm process.The institute, however, independently of this vaccinal seed furnished tovaccinators, has disposed of more than five thousand tubes or points forprivate vaccinations. It may therefore be stated that at least eightthousand vaccinations have been made with animal lymph provided bythe institute, every medical man having asked for it twice or thrice. Tothis must be added a thotusand vaccinations performed every year at theestablishment itself from the calf to the arm by the director himselfwhich makes at the lowest cmputation nine thousand vaccinations inBelgium in 1879 by animal vaccifie, either fresh or preserved. I passby without notice, not having precise data on that point, inoculationsperformed by means of animal vaccine from other sources, e.g., theBureau d'fHygiene at Brussels, the depots at Antwerp, Schurbeck, etc.The ideal state of things would be that there should be during the

vaccinal period, from May to October, vaccinated calves in all the greatcentres, so that vaccinations and revaccinations might be performed ennasse with living vaccine. We are pursuing this aim, and we shall realiseit one day; but it is not as yet attained. When, however, the late Dr.Seaton, in his report of I878, declared that vaccination with calf-lymph,as practised at Brussels for many years by the Vaccinal Institute, had

ceased for. a: long time, he made a great mistake. Not only hasit never ceased, but it has been greatly extended and makes dailyprogress.

2. Mr. Benjamin Bell, in his article on animal vaccination, in theE(dinburgh MedicatJour"al for May I88o, p. 977, falls into a no lesssingular error when he says: " Dr. Warlomont is permitted to call hisinstitution ' L'Institut Vaccinal de l'Etat', but he continues to carry iton at his own expense, although the Government, for certain servicesrendered to the public, grants him a moderate annual subsidy." Thisis by no means the case. L'Institut Vaccinal de l'Etat is an officialinstitution of which I am the director, of which the State bears theexpense, and pays my salary. Should, however, the calls from privateindividuals abroad exceed a certain amount, the director is obliged toprovide supplementary calves at his own expense.

In order to ensure accuracy, I subjoin the copy of the royal decree ofJuly i ith, i868, founding the institution.

"Leopold II, King of the Belgians, to all present and to come,greeting. In relation to the reports made to the Royal Academy ofMedicine on the opportunity of renewing vaccine lymph by the inocula-tion of natural cow-pox on calves, as well as the conclusions adopted bythe Academy, in its sitting of March 30th, I867, conclusions formulatedas follows." i. The Academy has already recognised the utility, and even the

necessity, of renewing and rejuvenating vaccine, and has not changedits opinion in this respect. 2. A really practical means of obtainingthis renewal would consist in a large application of animal vaccination,founded on the inoculation of spontaneous cow-pox in calves, in whichthe products of this inoculation wotuld be continually kept up by thescientific processes recently introduced. In view of the similar opinionexpressed by the Conseil Superieur d'Hygiene Publique on April 26th,I865, on the report of our Minister of the Interior, we have decreed anddo (lecree.

"Art. i. The arrangements of the royal decree of April i8th, i8i8,concerning the medals of which Article 9 of said decree speaks arerenorted.

" Art. 2. By aid of the funds appropriated for the above-mentionedmedals, our Minister of the Interior will be charged with the duty ofcreating a special service for the following purposes:

"i . The renewal of the vaccinie actually in use, by means of animalvaccination started by the inoculation of calves with natural small-pox,the prodtict of this inoculation being constantly kept up by the scientificprocesses recently introduced.

"2. The gratuLitous distribution to all the medical practitioners of thecountry and to the communal authorities of localities where there areno medical men, who make application for it in writing, of the vaccinalmatter thus obtained, as well as of humanised vaccine, produced byvaccination from the calf to the arm.

"Art. 3. The head of this service shall have the title of Directeur del'InstitLut Vaccinal.

"Art. 4. The Directeur de l'Institut Vaccinal de l'Etat is charged:"a. To (take care that there is constantly in the locality appro-

priated to the purpose at least one calf vaccinated under his care, eitherby means of the products of natural cow-pox discovered at Beaugencyin i866 and kept up since that time at Dr. Warlomont's vaccine dep6tat Brussels, or by natural cow-pox that chance or investigation maybring to light in Belaium or abroad.

"b. To collect the cow-pox furnished by the calves according to themost approved methods and to distribute it gratis, under the restrictionswhich will presently be indicated.

" c. To vaccinate infants from the calf to the armii, so as to be able,as far as possible, to distribute, also gratuitously, humanised lymphof the first transmission, which certain vaccinators may prefer tothe cow-pox derived directly from the calf.

" it. To prevent any interruption in the successive inoculations of thecalves.

" Art. 5. The gratuitous distribution of the vaccine collected at theInstitut Vaccinal de l'Etat is limited, both for vaccinators and for thecommunal authorities, to two tubes or two points of vaccine-lymph perannumin. The Director of the Institut Vaccinal de l'Etat will always beexpected to satisfy as much as possible all the demands for vaccinemade upon him; but he may require from communal authorities a feeof one fr-anc, and from medical practitioners of twofrancs, per tube orpoint of animal lymph, forfevery package exceeding the limits aboveindicated. He is likewise authorised to supply vaccine at a charge oftwo francs per tube or point to private persons asking for it. By royaldecree of July iith, i868, Dr. Warlomont, titular member of the RoyalAcademy of Medicine, is named Director of the Institut Vaccinal del':tat."-I am, sir, sincerely yours,May i 88o. E. WARLOmr

THE BRITISH 'MEDICAL 7OURNAL. [May x5,-r88o

MEDICAL _1EWSIROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND.-The followig gen

tiemen passed their-primary examinations in anatomy and physiology, ata meeting of the Board of Examiners, on the 8th and 1oth inst., and,when eligible, will be admitted to the pass examination.Messrs. Arthur W. Wheatly, Charles E. F. lBigs, Charles F. Rumball, William

C. G. Collins, David John, Alfred J. Vs eakley, and Nicholas P. Miarsh,students of St. Bartholomew's Hospital; Edg r R. S. Lipscomh, John H.Cox, Reginatd J. Wylde, James H. T'argett, (;eorge H. Kinch, William E.Audland, Walter T. Hams, John C. Miltmes, Daniel 'r. Edmunds, and ArthurJ. Daltoni, of Guy's Hospital; William A. Foxwell, BA.Cantab., arid AlfredBarber, of St. Thomas's Hospital; Harry L. Smith, Johii Humphreys, and Her-bert W. WVhite, of the Glasgow School; Frank L. Phillips, and Sidney C. Law-rence, of the Birmingham School; Benjanuin Poulton, of the MelbourneSchool; Robert S. Jefferson, of the Leeds School; Herbert H. Knowles, of theLiverpool Scchool; Henry '1'. Rudgc, of the Bristol School; and MIichael H.Feene), of the Cork School.

Nineteen candidates were rejected.

The following gentlemen passed oni thejith instant.Messrs. Henry P. Keatinge, Robert A. Bn-nllie, Hubert T. Sells, Francis A. A.

Bush, William R. Etches, Edward 1. Trevor, Matthew Carnelley, John B.Berry, and ohn H. Gibson, of Guy's Hospital; John A. Waring, John L.Wright, William H. Gcorge, E. 11. A. Gavey Edward T. Carlyon, rFrederickS picer, anid Herbert C. Coopland, of St. B3artholomew's Hospital; Herbert G.i. Clarkson and Thomas). R. Clarkson, of the Leeds School; William A.Ellison, B.A.Oxon., of St. George's Hospital ; and Albert B. Clarke, of CharingCross Hospital.

Four candidates were rejected.The following gentlemen passed on the 12th instant.

MIessrs. Frankt N. Shillingford, Benijamiiin M. Moorhouse, William C.'.Toinalin,Henry A. B3. Davies, George R. Green, and TMichael A. Muirliead, of Guy'sHospital; Arthur S. Nance, Alfred B. Trinder, Rupert W. Newton, Roger dela h. Williams, and Herbert C. Sinmmons, of St. Bartholomew's Hospital;Johni R. Rygate and Htrgh S. Robinson, of the Londoni Hospital; Robert WV.Shelley, of the Charing Cross Hospital; Williaim F. Mlarjuribanks, of St. A1ary sHospital-, and BEassett C. E. F. Gunn, of University College.

Eight candidates were rejected.The following gentlemen passed on the 13th instant.

Messrs. William H. Mloore, Heniry G. Plititiiier, Walter C. Spiller, John V.Salvage, Holland H. WVright, and Langford McE. Andersoii, of Guy's Hos-ital; William G. Ellis and Alfred Haward, of St. 1Bartholunitew's Hospital;Rlilward E. Dovaston, of Univcrsity College; and John C. Kershaw, of theLeeds School and Middlesex Hospital.

Ten candidates were rejected.

APOTHECARIES' IHALL.-The following gentlemen passed their ex-amination in the science and practice of medicine, and received certi.ficates to practise, on Thursday, Mtay 6th, 188o.

Johnstoni, Edward Cocks, Birmingham.Jones, William Clay, Llyswen, Breconshire.Rot th, Ariniand Jules McConnel, Montagu Square.Savill, Thomas Dixon, St. Thomas's Hospital.

The following gentleman also on the same day passed his primaryprofessional examination.

Thomas, John Lloyd, Queen's Collegc, Birmingham.

ROYAL COLLEGES OF P'lHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS OF EDINBURGI:DOU}LE QQUALIl ICATION.-Tlie fullowing gentlenien passed their firstprofessional exanmination during the April sittings of the examiners.

David Robert Paul, Vizagpataltl; Wilton iMills, Whlitworth; John Murray,Alyth; John Paulin, Isle of Man ; James Dobb, Ince; William GunnSutherlanddshire; James Thomas Carter, Midlothian: William JolinsonDurham; George Sinclair, Orkney; James Patrick Andrew Wilson, Edin-burgh; homas Aitchison, Northumberland ; Joseph Holmes, Leeds; WilliamRichard Parry Jones, Aiiglesea ; Robert Mlain, Newcastle-on-Tyne; RobertWotherspooi l.indsay, G!asgow; James Gray, Ross.shire; Edward JosephFreeman, County Clare; Edward Tenisoni Collins, Birmingham; AlfredWilliam Greenleaf, Ipswich; James Loughlin Nevin, County Antrim; HughCharles Gould, NNorwich; Isaac Kiddle, Surrey; Thomas Ernest GeeNottinghanmshire; James Hargreave MIawson, Hambleton; William JohnHarvey Fletcher, Staffordsbire; WVilliam Montagu Venables Williams, Den-bighshire; Arthur Edward Blacker, Somersetshire; John Jordan Skinner,Redlditch; William Bradshaw l'aulin, Halifax, Nosa Scotia; Henry DobsonOsborne, Dungiven, County Derry; John Nagle Jeffries, Kinsale; AlexanderMaclaren, Edinburgh; William Frederick Hamilton, Londonderry; MlatthewSteel AitLketi, Glasgow, and John Oliver Chisholm, Jedburgli.

The following gentlemen passedI their final examination in April andMa)-, and were admitted L.R.C.1'.Edinburgh, an( L.R.C.S.Edinburgh.Clharles Frederick Pollock, Dumbartonshire; Guthrie Rankin, Kilmarnock; Wm.

Thomas Waterson, Northumberland; John Thomas Jones, Aberganolwyn;James Dobb, Incc; Philip lIenry William Boon, Madras; Walter Flewitt,Birmingham; William Babtie, Dunibarmon; James Gray, Ross-shire; HenryJohnston Boyd, Hillsboro'; John Alexander Kennison, Melbourne; JohnAloore Tweed, B3allymoncy; Wm. Jones, Aberystwith; John Crawhall Nichol,Coitnty Durham; Leonard King Havelock Hackman, London; Edwd. JohnHadderton 4oskyns, Derby; Wm. George MIorgenrood, Cape of Good Htope -Edwd. Brady, Cork; Mervanji Pestanji Kharegat, Ilombay; George RichardEdletsone Bonsall, Aberystwith; Wm. Mackay, Woburn; Robert GravenorStrong, South Australia; Geo. Cuthbert Clarke, Middlesex; Harry CallanderOnkley, Hornsey; Arthur Neve, Brighton; Marcus Calder, Glasgow; Edwd.

Joseph Freemn, County Clare; Archibald Henry Fraser, Umballah; Charlesbamuel Gibbons, Lincolnshire; Thomas Brodrick Albert Tuckey, Cork - JohnMcGavin, Retifrewshire; Abercromby McBeath, Banffshire; ames BennettHayes, Cork; James Keating, County Limerick; Robert Dunican Cameron,Liverpool; Alfred Ernest Bartruin, Bath; Fdmund McDonnell, CountyAntrnm.

RoYAL COLLEGE OF SURMEONS on EDINBURGH.-The followinggentlemen passed their first professional examination during the recentsittings of the examiners.Norman Henry Lawrence, Cape of Good Hope; Fi:ederick Rutherford1Harris,

M%Iongolore, India ; atnd John l'ireinridge, North Devon.The following gentlemen passedl their final examination, and wcre

admitted Liccntiates of the College.WVilliam Collier, Cambridgeshire; Samuel George Levis, County Cork; John

Eadic, Alloa; Robert Jonathan Baylor, Fermoy; Frederick RutherfordHarris, Mlongolore, India; and Thomas Clcmcnts, Glasgow.

The following gentlemen passed their first professional examinationfor the Licence in Dental Surgery of the College.James Stewart, Perth ;_and James Stewart Durward, Edinburgh.

UNIVERSITY oF GLASGOWV.-The following candidates have beensuccessful at the recent examinations in April.

First Profcssional Examination (New Regulations) in Chemistry, Boasny, andZoology: 'I'homas G. Mexander, Robert Beith, Andrew Lees l3ell, BenijamiiinBlaine, John G. Burns, Vm. Campbell, Joseph Carroll, Fergus Casswell,Norman McLeod Clerk, Robert Davidson, Thomas Spence Dunn, AlexanderGalbraith, Jas. Gardnier, John M. H. Gill, Jas. F. Gemmell, Wm. (ibb, Thos.J. Grime, Francis Johnstone, Isaac C. Hodgson, Alexander Jarvie Hooel,Robert Horn, Robert R. Hunter, Creighton Htutchinson, Matthewv Killoch,William Little, James D. Macdonald, Neil C. Macdonald, Thomas F. illac-donald, John Francis M'Gregor, H. Malcolm Mackintosh, John MacintyrePeter Maclean, James McNish, Inatthew Martin, James Maxwell, Henry

Mlason, Williamn C. MIuir, WVilliain Patulls, NVilliam G. Pretsell, Richard A.D. Robb, William 'l'. G. Robinson, Andrew Semple, Dugald Sinclair, JohnSinclair, Alexander J. F. Skottowe, William Anderson Soga, Robert Stewart,William C. Taylor, Edward T. Turnbull, William Waddell, Henry PelhamWebb, John C. Wilson, David Gardner, and James Jardone.

First Professional Examination (Old Regulations) in Chtemtistry, Botany, and-tleun"sta)y Anatomy : Robert Ml . G. Binnice George V. rFounquernin, John

Logan, John Ferguson McGregor, John MIaLIne, William H. Hay-Robertson,Patrick A. Smith, anid C. B. Hunter.

Second Professional Examinationi (Old Regulations) in Zvolog', P'hysiology, and.qgvncedS Anatomy: John Bond, John '1'. Browni James Donald, John GoCf,Oliphant Hamiltotn, C. Buchanan Hunter, jnio. It. Low, Robert M%filler, DonialdMlorison, Alexander MIclndoe, David R. Oswald, James Rae, William Rtussell,Donald Sinipson, John Stevenson, Thomas Stewart, Robert C. Taylor, andHenry Frazer.

Secondi PrQfessional Examination (New Regulations) in Descri4tiz'eAvatomy andI'hysiotogy: Roland Blancy, John Brown, Johni Buchanian, John Carruthers,D)avid Durran, H. E. N. ro)bie, David Gardner, James W. Grange, CcorgeHaddon, John M. Hunt, Chas. Jamieson, John Johnstone, John Keary, Geo.G. Kenny, David Laurie, Dugald McPhee, Jno. Morris, Win. Morrison, AMA.,Alexander F. Reid, Jamiies C. Robert-son, Edward Williams, William M.

Ws'illianis, Frank WVilson, George WVolstenholme, and J. AM. Robertsoni.The following gentlemen have received the degree of M.D.James Campbell, M1B., Scotland ; Robert Ferguson, M.B.. Scotland; Williani

Jaoes Fleming, M.B., Scotland; David Lime, MI.B., Scotlanid: JamesThomson, MI.B., Ireland; John W. Macdonald, M.B., Scotland; ThomasOliver, M.B., Scotlanid.

The degree of LL.D. lIas beeni conferred during the past year on thefollowving miiembers of the nmedical profession.

Johnl Hutton lBalfotur, M.D., Emeritus Professor of Blotany, University of Edin-l)tirgh, anid forniierly Professor of Botany in the University of Glasgow; JosephILister, M.B., Professor of Clinical Surgery, King's Collee,C, London, aiidformerly P'rofessor of Surgery in the University of Glasgow ; John B. Cowan,TM.L., Enmeritus Professor of Materia Aledica, University of Glasgow;Michael Foster, MII.D., Prelector on Physiology, Trinity College, Cambridge.

UNIVERSITmY OF ABERDEEN. - At the April graduation termii, thlefollowing candidates, having passed the usual examinations, receiveddegrees in Mledicine and Surgery.Doctor of Mfedicine: James Allan, M.1., C.M., New W 'andsworth; Algernon D.

Brenichlcy, M.B., CM., Caniberwell; William Ford Edgelow, M.B., C.M.,Torquay; Hcher D. Ellis, NI.B., CM., Eastbournc; William Henry, MI.B.,C.M1., Dunferimline; John MacMounn, M.B., CM.1%, Long Eaton; Adam F. J.MHickle, M.B., C.M., Grantham; Robert MTilne, MI.B., C.M., Clunr LeoniardRudd, M.D., C.., Upper Norwood; William J. R. Simpson, M.B., C-.M.Dover; Francis WV. Smith, NI. B., C.,M., Westbury; Willian, A. W'alker,.M.B., C.M., Chesterfield; Williamn R. WVitie, M.B., C.M., Southampton;William H. illiainsoni, M.B., C.M., Aberdeen; Julius J. Eardley W'ilmnot,M.B., C. Nt , Westonm-super-Al,re.

BRachelor of Mfedicine and, .la.ste- inl S6rgry: James Aymer, LaurencekirkVilliam lBcddie, \A.A., Strichen * Ilarry A. 13enham, Bristol; Willia3m H.

Erodie, Aberdeen: William Deans, Kintore: Alexander D. Diack, Aberdeen1;Jobn Durno, M.A., Fyvie; James C. Fleming, Grantown; John G;laister,Wouler; George H. Harvey, Colchester; Fife Jamieson, MI.A., Aberdeen,Joshlua J,av Kerr, Crawslsawbooth, AManchester; Herman J. Liebstein,1iighhury; AdamI. T.yon, Peterculter; Coll Reginald Macdonald, Argyle-shire; Alexander Milne, 'M.A., Mintlaw; Satish Chandra Alukhopndhy6y,Calcutta; Alexander A. W. P. tvIurison, MIacduff; ArLhur L. Patch, MIadras;Peter Rough, M.A.1 Dasiot; Thomas A. Sellar, Lhanbryd, Alorayshire;Robert Soutar, Kirriemtuir; Alexander J. Struthers, Aberdeen; Charlc3 H.

754

May 5, 88o,] THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

Welford, Sunderland; Percy R. Wilde, Weston-super-.Mare; Christophcr St.John Wright, Priors Marston.

Bat-hetor of Afedicine: Alexander Boswell, London; Algernon A. Cohen, ClarenceRiver, New South Wale,S

Of the above-named candidates, Alexander 'Milne, MI.A., receivedhis degrees in MJedicine and Surgery with highest Academical Ilonours;John Durno, M.A., Fife Jamnieson, M.A., and Joshua Law Kerrreceived their degrees in Mledticine and Surgery with IlonourableDistinction.

UNIVERSITY oi Sr.AN.DREwS.-The following gentleimen, havingpassed the requiredl examinations, had the degree of Doctor of Medicineconferred upon them on April 29th.

Alderson, Frederick H., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., L.M., Hammersmith.Bride, John, M.R.C.S., L.S.A., WVil,nislow, Clieshire.Condon, jamcs H., MI.R.C.S.L., Ca.w.,Cawnpore.Lyons, Richard T., '\I.R.C.S., 364, Rtue St. Honort5, Paris.tann, John D., L.K.Q.C.P.1., MN1.R.C.S., NIanchester.May, Harry, I.R.C.P.L., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., Vare.Mlurray, James, L.K.Q.C.1'.I., M.R.C.S., Lotndon.Threadg.ale, Robt. I., L. R.C. P.l. diin., L. F. P.S.G., . S. A., Upper Norwood.Whisha%v, John Charles, .M.R.C.S. L., Earl's Coturt.Wood, Richard, L.R.C.P.L. .k Editn., -M.R.C.S., L.S.A., Bromsgrove.

MIEDICAL VACANCIES.Particulars of thosc nuarked withi an asterisk ?ti/l Ab fotndu in thead:'ertise.orencit cos,emAnns.

Tim following vacancies are announced:-ALNWVICK INFIRMAI-RY-House-Surgeon,. Salary, £r20 per annum, with fur-

nished apartments, zuttendance, coals, anid gas. Applications, with testimonials,not later than 'May 20th.

BATTLE UNION-MNedical Officer for the Second District. Salary, £25 perannum.BELGRAVE HOSPITAL, FOR CHILDREN -Physician. Applications to the

Honorary Secretary on or before May 30th.BELGRAVE HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN-House-Surgeon. Stipend,

£30o per annunm, with board aiid lodging in the hospital. Applications, withtestimonials, to the Honorary Secretary oni or before Mlay 3oth.

BOYLE UNION-Mtedical Officer for the Gurteen Dispensary District. Salary,.£IO per annum, wvith free residence; also, £Io yearly as medical officer ofhealth, registration and vaccination fees. Election on the sgth instant.

CENT1RAL LONDON SICK ASYLUNI DISTRICT-Principal Medical Officer.Salary, .(300 per annum, wvitl, furnished house, coals, and gas. Applications,with testimonials, niot later than 'May 22nd.

"DUDLEY DISPENSARY-Resident MIedic.al Officer. Salary, £I20 per annlum,with apartments, coals, and gas. Applications, with testimonials, to the Hono-rary Secretary before May 22nd.

DUNFANAGHY UNION-Medical Officer for Gweedore portion of DispensaryDistrict. Salary, £ioo per annium, 4to as medeical officer of health, with regis-tration and vaccinlation fees. Election on the 2Ist inst.

ETON UN ION-Mledical Officer for the Burnham District. Salary, £90 per ann.HAILSHAM UNION-MIedical Officer for the Fourth District. Salary, £6o per

annum.HASTINGS UNION-.Medical Officer to 0o. 3 District. Salary, LiiS perannum.

Applicatiotis, witli testimonials, oni or before May Lgth.LEEDS AMALGAMATED FRIENDLY SOCI ETIES' MEDICALAID ASSO-ClArION-Assistant-Surgeoni. Salary, £540 pier annum. Applications, withtestimonials, on or before May 25tlh.LIVERPOOL INFIRMARY FOR CHILDREN-Assistant House-Surgeon.

Remuncration, £50 per annum.LONDON HOSPiT'AL, Whitechapel-Sixth Assistant Physiciani. Applications,

with testimonials, oni or before May 24th.MIN-ANCHESTER. ROYAL INFIRMNIARY-Pathological Registrar. Salary,,£oo

pcr annumiii. Applications to the Secretary on ur before M,ay 27th.'NEWCASTLE-ON-TXVNF INFIRMIARY-Sen'or House-Surgeon. Salary, Ziooper annum, with board, lodging, anid washing. Application,s, with testimonials,

before May 5gth.NOTTING HILL PROVIDENT DISPENSARY-I-louse-Surgeon. Salary,.£iooper annum, with furnished apartments, firing, lighting, and attendance. Appli-cations, with testimiionials, to the hoisorary secretary on or before May 25th.PAISLEY I-NFIRTMARY-House-Surgeon. Salary, L8o per annum, with board

and residence. Applications, with testinrounials, on or before May zgth.ROYAL FREE HOSPIT1AL-Senior Resideint Medical Officer. Salary, Z3o4 perannumnl, with board and resideiice in the lhospital. Applications, with testimo-nials, to the Secretary on or before May ^6th.'ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's Tnn Road-Junior Resident Medical Officer.Applications, with testimonials, to the Secretary on or before Mlay igth.ROYAT, ISLE OF WIGHT INFIlR!IARY, RydC-House-Surgeon. Saur-y,£Cso per annum, with board, lodging, and washing. Applications, with testiiio-nials, not later thlan1 Mlay i3th.ROY'AL, AL13ERT EDWARD INFIRMARY AND DISPENSARY OF WIGAN-Jtuior Hotuse-Surgeon. Salary, L;8o per anntim. Applications, with testimo-

nials, on or before May 26th.SAFFRON WALDEN UNION-Mledical Officer for the ist District. Salary, £80per annum.Sr. PhETER'S HOSPITAL FOR STONE, 54, Berners Street, W.-Hotmse-Stir.geoii. Remuneration, £26 ss. for six niomiths, witlh board, etc. Applications,with testimonials, on or before May TSth.SHEFFIELD GEENERAL INFIRMARY House-Surgeon. Salary, Lu 20 peranrunm, with board, lodging, and washing. Applications, with testimonials, on

or before May 2qth.SPILSLEY UNION-Medical Officer for the Stoclkney District.

755SUNDERLAND UNION-Mledical Officer for Bishopwearmouth East District.TORIBAY HOSPITAL HOSPITAL AND PROVIDENT DISPENSARY,

Torquay.-Junior House-Surgeon and Dispenser. Salary, £90 per annumn. Ap-plicatiotns, with testimoni.als, to the Hotnorary Secretary not later than Mlay 22nd.

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL-Resident Mecdical Officer. Applica-tions, with testimonials, not later than Mfay i8th.

WALLINGFORD UNION-AMedical Officer for the Dorchester District. Salary,£sioo. Applications on or before May r7th.

WIIITB'l UNION-MIedical Officer for the Fylingdales District. Salary, 'sS perannunm. Applications before Mlay 22nd.

"WHITEHAVEN AND WEST CUMISERLAND INF'IRMARY AND FEVERHOSPIIAL-House-Surgeon. Salary, L1so per annum, w ith residence in theInirinary. Applications, with testimonials, to the Secretary, before June 25th.

'WONFORD HOUSE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, Exeter.-AssistantMIedical Officer. Salary, Lioo per annuni, to be increased to 4i2o the secondyear. Applications, with testimonials, not later than June ist.

MIEDICAL APPOINTMENTS.Namtes miarked ruit/a aJn a.ste-isk arer thre of Mrems5ers of the Association.

CLARK, Aniiie E., MA.D., appointed Resident MIedical Officer to the Children's Hos-pital, l3irmingham, s-ice AV. Rhodes, I.R.C.P.Ed.

TnUm-RSTOrc, Edgar, L.R.C.P., appointedl House-Surgeon to the Portland Town Dis.pensary, ricc H. G. Taylor, AM.B., resignied.

BIRTHIS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.Tlie cisargefor i's.errting ai.enou.ewesc:ts of Birthzs, .Afarriis-s, and Deaths,is3s. (,t., whLich shouilf isjorz-ardcin stain ps witli the ap:nouncemrents.

MARRIAGE.HAaRGR,AvEIS-EA.NES.-O11 tile Itlh April at St. Mary's Shan-doni Cork, by the

Rev. T. 13. W\arren, assisted b) the Rev. bacre Powell, Charles iHargreaves, TheHeight, Bolton-le-Moors, I.ancashire, Fon of the latc Charles Duckit Hargreaves,Esq., Bridgeniont, Bolton-le-Moors, to Florenice Nightilngale, eldest datighter ofJanmes Alexander Fames, Esq1., M.)., ECglinton Asylum, Cork.

DEATHS.Bsw cEIv.-On the 8th instant, at 46, Bristol Street, Birminghamn, aged 38, WilliamiiArthur Bracey-, M.R.C.S.

RtssrEl.L.-Oni April igth, at his rcsidence, TLurgan, fondly beloved and deeply re-gretted, Phlilip Craniltoni Russell, .LD., aged 70.

Am\ONGST many presents nmade to Mliss Eames, the eldest daughterof Dr. James Alexander Eaines, MIedical Superintendent of the Eglin-ton Asylum, on her miarriage to Charles Hargreaves, Esq., Bolton-le-Moors, was one which shows the friendly feeling which exists in thatlarge institution. The present w\-as a massive silver fruit-basket, whichbore the following inscription: "lPresented to Miss Eames, on theoccasioni of her marriage, by the officers and attendants, EglintonAsylum, Cork, April 15th, ISSo."

PUBLIC HEALTH.-During last week, being the eighteenth ueek orthis year, 3,673 deaths werc registered in London and twenty-two othet-large towns of the Unitedl Kingdom. The mortality from all causeswas at the average rate of 22 deaths annually in every. I,000 personslivinig. The annual death-rate was 22 in Edinburgh, 27 in Glasgow,and 36 in Dublin. The annual rates of mortality in the twenty Eng-lish towns were as follow : Hlull 16, Oldhain I6, Portsmouth 17, New-castle-upon-Tyne 17, Leicester 18, Brighton I8, Leeds I9, BirminghamI9, London 20, Bristol 21, Sunderland 2i, Norwich 21, Bradford 22,Nottingham123, Wolverlhamptoll 23, Liverpool 25, Shleffield 25, MIan-chester 28, Salford 30, ancl again the highest rate 38 in Plymouth.The annual death-rate from the seven principal zyrnmotic diseases aver-aged 3. I per I,000 in the twenty towns, and ranged from 0.3 both inIltill and Newcastle-uipon-Tyne, to 5.3 and 18.1 in Salford andP}lyim1outth. Irs Londlon, 1,416 deaths were registered, which were133 below the average, andI gave an annual death-rate of 20.2 perI,OOO. The tI416 deatls included 10 from small-pox, 22 frorn measles,67 from scarlet fever, 15 from diphtheria, 67 from whooping-cough, 21from clifferenit forms of fever, and T3 from diarrhcea-being altogether215 zyrnotic deaths, wlhich were 26 below the average, and were equialto an annual rate of 3. 1 per io,0. The deaths referred to dliseases ofthe respiratory organs, ZWhsl had declined from 395 to 260 ir. the fivepreceding weeks, were ?So last week, and 28 below tlie corre:cted aver-age; 161 restilted from bronchitis, and 8c from pneulnionia. I)ifferentforms of violcnce caused 62 dleaths; 52 were the resilt of negligenceor accident, including 22 from fractures and coiltusionS, 5 fronl burnsand scalds, 2 from drowning, 3 fromii poison, and 13 of infants under oneyear of age from suffocation. At Greenwich, the itreams temperature of theair was 47. I°, and 2.6' below the average. The general direction of thewind was north-easterly, and the horizontal movemenit of the airaveragedIO.5 miles per hour, which was o. to below the average. Raini fell onMlonday and Wednesday, to the aggregatc amount of 0. 17 of an inch.The duration of registerec. bright sunshine in the week was equial to26 per cent. of its possible duration. The recorded amount of ozonewas below the average on each of the days, except Sunday, 2nd inst,

756 THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL. [May i5, i88o.

OPERATION DAYS AT THE HOSPITALS.

MONDAY. Metropolitan Free, 2 P.hl.-St. Mark's, 2 P.M.-Royal LondonOphthalmic, II A.M.-Royal Westminster Ophthalmic, 1.30 P.m.-Royal Orthopeedic, 2 P.M.

TUESDAY ...... Guy's, I.30 P.m.-Westminster, 2 P.M.-Royal London Ophthal-mic, II A.M.-Royal Westminster Ophthalmic, I.30 P.M-WestLondon, 3 P.M.-St. Mark's, 9 A.AM.-Cancer Hospital, Brompton,3 P.Al.

WEDNESDAY.. St. Bartholomew's, 1.30 P.M.-St. Mary's, 2.30 P.M.-Middlesex, IP.M.-University College, 2 P.hA. -King's College, '.30 P.am.-- Lon-don, 2 P.M.-Royal London Ophthalmic, II A.M.-Great Northern,2 P.Az.-Samaritan Free Hospital for Women and Children, 2.30P.Ah.-Royal Westminster Ophthalmic, 2.30 P.M.-St. Thomas's,2.30 P.MAl-St. Peter's, 2 P.a.-National Orthopaedic, so A.M.

THURSDAY.... St. George's, i P.M.-Central London Ophthalmic, I P.m.-CharingCross, 2 P.hI.-Royal London Ophthalmic, xI P.r.-Hospital forDiseases of the Throat, 2 P.m.-Royal Westminster Ophthalmic,I.30 P.a.-Hospital for Women, 2 P.M.-London, 2 P.l.

FRIDAY........ Royal Westminster Ophthalmic, 1.30 P.a.-Royal London Oph-thalmic, II A.m.-Central London Ophthalmic, 2 P.a.-RoyalSouth London Ophthalmic, 2 ia.m.-Guy's, I-.30 P. M.-St. Thomas's(Ophthalmic Department), 2 P.az.-East London Hospital forChildren, 2 P.a.

SATURDAY ..... St. Bartholomew's, 2.30 P.a.-King's College, I P.a.-Royal Lon-don Ophthalmic, II A.m.-Royal Westminster Ophthalmic, 2.30P.a.-St. Thomas's, 2.30 P.am.-Royal Free, g A.Mt. and 2 P.M.-London, 2 P.az.

HOURS OF ATTENDANCE AT THELONDON HOSPITALS.

CuARING CROSS.-Medical and Surgical, daily, 1; Obstetric, Tu. F., 2.30; Skin,Al. Th.; Dezxtal, M. W. F., 9.30.

Guy's.-Medical and Surgical, daily, exc. Tu., 1.30; Obstetric, M. W. F., I.30; Eye,M. Th., 1.30; Tu. F., 12.30; Ear, Tu. F., 22.30; Skin, Tu., I2.30; Dental, To.Th. F., 22.

KING'S COLLEGE.-Medical, daily, 2; Surgical, daily, 2.30; Obstetric, Tu. Th., S.2; op., M. W. F., 12.30; Eye, M. Th. S., I; Ear, Th., 2; Skin, Th.; Throat,Th., 3; Dental, To. F., 20.

LoNDON.-Medical, daily exc. S., 2; Surgical, daily, 2.30 and 2; Obstetric, M.Th., I.30; O.P., W. S., 2.30; Eye, W. S., 9; Ear, S., 9.30; Skin, W., 9; Denital,Tu., 9.

MIDDLESEX.- Medical and Surgical, daily, i ; Obstetric, Tu. F., 1.30; o.p., W. S.,2.30; Eye, W. S., 8.30; Ear and Throat, Tu., 9; Skin, F., 4; Dental, daily, 9.

ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S.-Medical and Surgical, daily, 2.30; Obstetric, Tu. Tb. S., 2;o.p., W. 5., ; Eye, Tu. W. Th. S., 2; Ear, M., 2.30; Skin, F., 2.30; Larynx,W., II.30; Orthopaedic, F., 22.30; Dental, F., 9.

ST. GEORGE'S.-Medical and Surgical, M. Tu. F. S., I; Obstetric, Tu. S., i; o.p.,Tbh., 2; Eye, WV. 5., 2; Ear, To., 2; Skin, Tb., -E; Throat, Ml., 2; Orthopacdic,W., 2; Dental, Tu. S., 9; Th., I.

ST. MARY'S.-Medical and Surgical, daily, 2.15; Obstetric, Tu. F., 9.30; o.p., TU.F., 2.30; Eye, M. Th., 2.30; Ear, W. S., 2; Skin, Th., 2.30; Throat, W. S., 22.30;Dental, W. 5., 9.30.

ST. THoMAS'S.-Medical and Surgical, daily, except Sat., 2; Obstetric, Al. Th., 2;O.P., W. F., I2.30; Eye, M. Th., 2; O.p., daily, except Sat., 1.30; Ear, Tu., 22.30;Skin, Th., 2a.30; Throat, Tu., I2.30; Children, S.,'I2.30; Dental, Tu. F., io.

UNIVERSITY COLLEGFo.-Medical and Surgical, daily, I to 2; Obstetric, M. Tu. Th.F., 2.30; Eye, M. W. F., 2; Ear, S., 2.30; Skin, Tu., 1.30; S., 9; Throat, Th.,2.30; Dental, W., 0.03.

WHIsTaINsISER.-Medical and Surgical, daily, 2.30; Obstetric, Tu. F., 3; Eye, M.Th., 2.30; Ear, Tu. F., g; Skin, Th., I; Dental, W. S., 9.I5.

MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES DURING THENEXT WEEK.

TUESDAY.-Pathological Society of London, 8.30 P.M. Dr. Thin, Specimens illus-trating the Development of Cancer; Dr. Hoggan, Specimens illustrating theHistology of Painful Subcutaneous Tumour; Mr. Gay, "Recurrent MammaryTumour"; Dr. Norman Moore, "Aortic Aneurism opening into Right Auricle";Dr. F. Taylor, " Cirrhosis of Liver in a Child"; Dr. H. Port, " Dermoid Tumourfrom the Rectum"; Mr. Shattock, " Mixed Cystic Oxide and Lime OxalateCalculus"; Mr. Walsham, "Left Persistent Vena Cava"- Dr. Pye-Smith,"Aneurism of the Abdomitnal Aorta and Right Common Iliac Artery, com-municating with the Inferior Vena Cava"; Mr. Eve, "Kidneys showing theCystic Degeneration of Adults"; Dr. Barlow, " Congenital Syphilitic Ulcera-tion of the Tongue"; Dr. Abercrombie, "Three Cases of Sarcomatous Growthsin both Kidneys"; Dr. Stephen Mackenzie, "Congenital Malformation of theHeart"; Mr. MacCarthy, "Tumour of the Face"; Dr. Ralfe, "RemarkableRenal Concretion"; Mr. J. T. MacMahon, 7. "Cancer surrounding the Colon";2. "A Double Kidney".

WEDNESDAY.-Association of Surgeons practising Dental Surgery. Council, 7.30P.M. 8.30 P.M.: Casual Communications from the President and others. Mr.W. D). Napier will exhibit the Polyscope for illuminating the mouth by electriclight, and also a new ap.paratus. for the administration of nitrous oxide withoutthe risk of the gas running short.

THURSDAY.-Harveian Society of London, 8.30 P.M. Mr. G. P. Field, "AnAnalysis of Five Hundred Cases of Perforation of the Membrana Tympani";Dr. Mahomed, " Bronchitis".

LETTERS, NOTES, AND ANSWERS TOCORRESPONDENTS.

COMMUNICATIONS respecting editorial mnatters should be addressed to the Editor,x6I, Strand, W.C., London; those concerning business matters, non-delivery of theJOURNAL, etc., should be addressed to the General Manager, at the Office, i6Ir,Strand, W.C., London.

AUTHORS desiring reprints of their articles published in the BRITISH MEDICALJOURNAL, are requested to communicate beforehand with the General Secretaryand Manager, I6i, Strand, W.C.

CORRESIPONDENTS not answered, are requested to look to the Notices to Cor-respondents of the following week.

PUBLIC HEALTH DEIPARTMENT. -We shall be much obliged to Medicaj Officers ofHealth if they will, on forwarding their Annual and other Reports, favour us withDufiicate Copies.

CORRESPONDENTS who wish notice to be taken of their conimunications, shouldauthenticate them with their names-of course not necessarily for publication.

WE CANNOT UNDERTAKE TO RETURN 'MANUSCRIPTS NOT USED.

TREATMENT OF RANULA.DR. C. LOVEGROVE (Hythe) has found the following plan most efficacious. Pass atenaculum through the base of the tumour, and draw the part somewhat forwsard.After withdrawing the thicker part of the tenaculum a little, pass a plain gold rinig,such as is used when the ears are first pierced, by the side of the tenaculum throughboth holes: then clasp it securely, and leave in situ for three or four weeks, theliremove. A permanent exit for the mucus, etc., will then remain, and all troublewill cease.

J. E. G. has found the following plan very successful on several occasions. Threadan ordinary curved needle with common silk suture; make a double thread; passthe needle through the cyst, tie the thread sufficiently short, so that the loop lieswithin the teeth and will not be bitten through when eating; move the thread toand fro every other day. If this be kept in for about a week, the cyst will haveevacuated itself by means of this small seton: when the patient says that it no longerdischarges, remove the thread (seton), and let it granulate up. The last case hetreated in this way (about six months ago) is still quite free from the ranula. Sincethat case, he had another ranula in an old w*oman about seventy; it involved thewhole extent of her teethless lower jaw, and pushed her tongue up against the roofof her mouth; she could not speak nor swallow. The treatment adopted in thiscase was to make several punctures, at least half-a-dozen, through the cyst with asharp-pointed bistoury. He gave a concentrated solution of chlorate of potash asa lotion to wash the mouth with, and also gave her a mixture of chlorate of potash.This case is still relieved by the above treatment.

DR. C. D. F. PHILLIPS recommends gradual dilatation of the salivary duct by lamin-aria tents. After incising and clearing out the ranula, the duct should be soughtfor and a piece of laminaria (which may require to be as fine as a needle, andshould be very smooth) be inserted as far as possible, and left in for one or twohours every morning anid evening. The size of the tent should be increased butvery gradually, so as to avoid over much irritation. The patient himself can learnto pass it after a little instruction, and cure should result in two or three weeks.In some cases, it may be necessary to leave in the tent longer, alid then a perforatedone should be used. Some years ago, Dr. Phillips came across several cases inwhich the duct, as well as the ranula, had been cut away, and mucl suffering andserious swelling of the gland had resulted. These cases were cured by simiiple in-cision and keeping open the artificial duct by laminaria.

MR. W. J. 1'IVY suggests the use of a seton composed of three or four threads ofcoarse ligature silk, which he has found invariably successful.

THE BRUSSELS EXAMIINATION.SIR,-As an inteniding candidate for the Brussels MI.D. at the forthcominlg examinia-

tion in June, I wotuld wish to learn, from one who has lately passed, what is thenature of the examination on Mental Diseases. Although doubly quallified, I havenever been examined on the subject, and have had no special experience in genieralpractice. A word of advice might allay apprehensions, where the ranige of subjectsis already so very varied and extensive.-Your obedient servant, ASPIRANT.May iIth, I88o.

THE NUTRSING AT Guy's HOSPITAL.SIR,-I am not myself a member of the medical profession, anid therefore feel thatsome apology is due to you for troubling you with this comlnunication, but thefacts which I here relate may be interesting to your readers, being, as they are,a sroj5os of the Guy's Hospital nursing question.A brother of a gentleman with whom I am well acquainted became ani in-patient

at Guy's about a year ago, suffering from a large tumour at the top of his head,which necessitated the removal of several pieces of bone. The pillows on his bedwere, to use his own expression, "as hard as wood", and naturally very uncomfort-able. His wife brought him an eider-down cushion to lay his head tlponl; but assoon as the nurse saw it, she at once informed him that it was contrary to the rulesto use it, and peremptorily forbade him to do so. On the next visit of the surgeon,he appealed to him and begged of him to allow him the eider-down pillow; thesurgeon was more humane than the nurse, but seemed timid as to counltermandingher orders; however, after a little palaver with her, she condescended to allow it.On another occasion, the nurse harshly forbade the gentleman of whom I answriting to read anything on the Sunday but the Bible; but, after a good deal ofargument, she was made to confess that a religious biography was not altogetherunfit reading for the Sabbath. This said nurse, moreover, was anything but oneof those soft gentle creatures who are the delight of a sick man's bedside; she washarsh, unfeeling, and boisterous; she would speak in a loud, shrill, discordantvoice-almost shout, in fact. Every kindness and attention were received from thesurgeons; but this un-nurse-like nurse was a very agony to the pain-racked patientsin the ward. She was, I understand, one of the new school. I enclose my card.-I have the honour to be, yours obediently, H. L. H.

A MEMBER OF THE AssocIATION.-The Fellows' Festival will take place onday of the annual election into the Council in July pext, when Sir JamesBart., will take thsechair.

758 THE BRITSH MrED/CALr'OURA,AL. [May 15, 1880.

NOTTCE TO ADVERTISERS. - Advertisements for insertion in theBRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL should be forwarded direct to thePublishing Office, I6i, Strand, London, addressed to Mr. FOWKE,not later than Thursday, Twelve o'clock.

EpsomI COLLEGE.SIR,-I am almost ashamed to write that I celebrated the first of AMay by a firs visit

to the Medical College at Epsom.. I was receivzd, as everyone who knows theheadmaster will believe, most courteously, and by him conducted over the wholebuilding. The recent trying circumstances induce me to write these few lines asan expression of my sympathy with Dr. and Mrs. West, and Mr. Jones, and as anindependent observer of the present condition of the College in all its features.I need not occupy your space by descanting on the school and class-rooms, thechapel, and ";uch like, all being in the ordinary condition. The dormitories werein irst-rate order in every respect, and the cubic space allotted to each bed wasample. Bett±r dormitories I never saw; and the lavatory arrangements (baths in-cluded) were better by far than in most large establishments of a like character.The kitchen, farder, and servanits' apartments were equally good; and I there sawmost excellent prime joints of beef being prepared for the stupper of the pupils-asupper prepared for consumption after the athletic sports of the year, of which Iwas fortunate to be a spectator, being enabled to see, under most favourable cir-cumstances, .the pupils of the College, whose conduct and demeanour were those ofgentlemen.

I now come to the chief point of my communication, and which has been themain cause of my addressing you-the "sanatorium", which of late has been muchmalgned in a public court, aind has, I daresay, somewhat terrified some nervousmot,hers and perhaps irritable fathers. Everyone must, of course, sympathise withparents who lose a be!oved child; but one cannot approve of the course pursued tovindicate, as it were, such death, and to be revenged, because God has seen fit toremove such child from the dangers of this world. Oh, that a better spirit hadentered the heart-of the bereaved parents I visited the room in which the childfirst lay, and which, with attendants, whether one or more, was far too small for acase of fever and too near to otlier dormitories to justify any father or mother, ordoctor, in keeping a patienlt thus placed. 'he sanatorium, in all its arrangements,is mostsatisfactory, exceptinig the " bath", which is certainly most' inappropriatelyplaced, 'as it can only be reached by passing through the day-room, which is aspacious airy apartment. The wards for ordinary cases of sickness could not bebetter; and I can conscientiously say the same of those appropriated for fevercases. The ward in which lay the poor child, the cause of the late legal action, is inevery respect most adnmirably arranged. Until I had personally inispected thesepremises, I had pictured to myself, from the account given at the trial beforealluded to, small, unventilated, almost uninhabitable, chambers; the contrary, as Ihave en4eavoured to show, being the case.

I trust you will excuse me for occupying so much of your space, but having,unsolicited by apyone, inspected carefully and critically the whole of 'this inistitt-tion, so admirably adapte'd'for the education of the sons of our profession, I feltthat I owed a debt, not only to the head master, but to the parents of the childreninow under his care anid stupervision, whose fears for the health of their offsprinigmight be awvakened by recent evenlts. I can assure them that there is no groulnd forfear; and that, both in respect to recreation-grounds and dormitories, their childrelnhave as great security and comfort as others now pursuing their studies at themany large institutions in which, happily, our country abounds. If anyone thinkI have overdrawn the healthful picture, let him do as I have done-make anindependent inspectioni, and then make his report. I'his, I need scarcely say, Ihave done without the knowledge of the head master or of anyone connected withthe College.-I am, sir, yours faithfully, B. BARROW.

Southlands, Ryde, Isle of Wight, MNay i88o.

A MEMn1ER.-Mr.' Holden, the present President of the Royal College of Surgeonsof England, will deliver the Hunterian Oration in February next.

SIR,-I:would be glad to know the opinion of some members of the Association as towhich kind of tricycle they consider the best and nost suitable for country work.-Yours truly, AN IRISH SURGEON.May 8th, I88o.

THE TREATMENT OF EPISTAXIS.SIR,-May a medico-clerical reader of the JOU'RNAL venture to suggest yet another

plan for the treatment of epistaxis? 'Ihis plan first occurred to me at an importantChurch meeting, whose members wvere thrown into a state of no little panic by theentrance of a well-known clerical dignity with the strange adornment of a bloodynose. The case was at first treated by the simple application of pocket-handker-chiefs, till soon the dignitary's own and every handkerchief in the board-room weredrenched with'"the best blood of the Church". Next the beadle was summonedto produce his keys, which by apostolic hands were solemnly laid on the veryreveread nape of the sufferer's neck. After that came Sir Oracle, in the personi ofa rich.bustling layman, who protested that holding up the right hand in the attitudeof oa'th-takinrg was an infallible cure. When all these failed to control in the leastthe stream of 'florid blood, and consternation brought a pause to the Babel of worsethan wasted energy, I thought it was time to apply the resources of my old medicalstudies. 'rakinlg from off a bundle of papers on the table a pretty strong elasticband, I laid it first on the patient's upper lip, and, stretching the India-riibbercirclet from that point, I carried it over his head, and placed it well down the backof the neck. Then, satisfyinig myself that the brain-circulation inwards and out-wards was unimpeded, I so adju.sted my simple tourniquet as to compress thesuperior coronary arteries, and also, as well as I could, the facial arteries wherethey cross ihe rami of the low,er jaw. The large branch of the facial going toform the lateralis nasi was also more or less effectually compressed. 'ihe effectof this simple apparatus was magical. The bleeding ceased at once and entirely;the very reverend face-washed, and after a short time freed from its encumbrnnce-beamed on us with its old beniigniity; the energetic layman, whose benefactionsto the church will doubtless be none the less liberal from believing that his is thecredit of saving a life so preciotus, murmured, with restored complacency, "Well,it took a long tiime, but never yet has it failed-holding up the right arm in theattitude of swearing"; the brethren settled down to business, anxious only to re-deem lost time; aid, barring the small but most undignified discomfort of a generalwant of pocket-handkerchiefs, what remained of our meeting was pleasant andedifying.

I do not forget the anastomoses of the blood-vessels of the nares with sources ofsupply other than the facial artery; but the stoppage of that supply was in thiscase sufficient effectually to turn the balance in favour of the vis ,tedieatrix:nature. May I veniture to submit that it might be found equally effectual in manya case where at przrent plugging of the posterior nares is resorted to? Nor do I

forget that attempting by digital compression to stop the blood-supply of the naresfrom the facial artery is an old idea in medical literature.-I am, etc.,Edinburgh, May soth, z88o. D. T. MASSON, M.A., MI).

WE are indebted to correspondents for the following periodicals, containing news,reports, and other matters of medical interest:-The Western Morning News; 'TlheGlasgow Herald; T'he Manchester Guardian; The Yorkshire Post The LeedsMercury; T'he Cork Constitution; The Coventry Herald; The British GuianaRoyal Gazette; The Ceylon Observer; The Wigan Observer; The Peterboroughand Huntingdonshire Standard; The Sussex Daily News; The Liverpool Mer-cury; The Banffshire Journal; The Newport and Market Drayton Advertiser;The North WVales Guardian; The Sheffield Daily Telegraph; The Wexford Inde-pendent; etc.

*,i We shall be greatly obliged if correspondents forwarding newspapers willkindly mark the passages to which it is desired to direct attention.

COMIMUNICATIONS, LETTERS, etc., have been reeeived from:-Dr. C. S. W. Cobbold, Colney HIatch; -Mr. A. Jackson, Tunbridge Wells; Dr.R. K. Eales, Dublin ; Mfr. Chauncey Puzey, Liverpool; Dr. T. Trollope, St.Leoniard's-oni-Sea; Dr. J. Main, Manchester; Dr. Eastweod, DarlinLgtoll; Mr.WV. 'r. Tlivy, Cliftoni; Dr. A. 6rant, London; Mr. G. IsI. King-, Preston; Dr.B. Squire, London; Mr. W. S. Saunders, Manclhester; Mr. J. E. Pinikingtoni,Manchester; Our Glasgowv Correspondent; Mr. B. H. AMumby, Ryde; Dr. G.Cordusent, Milserton; Our E'dinbutrgh Correspondent; Mr. J. Fagan, Belfast;Dr. D. IV. Knox, Glasgow; Dr. R. Saundby, Birmingham; Mr. H. L. Hudson,Derby; Dr. Phillips, London; Mr. Bowen, Liverpool; Dr. A. Napier Kidd,Caledoii; Dr. C. J. Dana, New York; MIr. R. Atkinson, Halifax; Dr. R. W.Batteni, Glotucester; AMr. J. E. Games, Preston; AIr. W. Buchanan, Chatham;MIr. E. Thompson, O;nagh; Otur Dtublin Correspondent; Mr. W. J. Harris,Worthiiig; Dr. J. C. Reid, Newbiggin-by-Sea; Mrs. Cookson, Cambridge; Dr.Heniry Tomkins, Manchester; Mr. W. Donovan, Whitwick; Dr. Rabagliati,Bradford; Dr. D. T. Mlasson, Edinburgh.; Dr. C. Lovegrove, Hythe; Dr. J. P.Oates, Erompton; Mlr. A. Nixon, London; Mr. T. W. Crosse, Norwich; Mr. C.Webster, Beswdley; AIr. C. E. Glass, Melbourne; Mr. C. E. Steele, Liverpool;Mr. H. Cullimore, London; Dr. J. Batty Tuke, Edinburgh; Mr. A. H. Benson,Dublin; Dr. C. Parsons, Dover; Dr. F. R. Strathy, Birminghamn; Dr. Gardner,Glasgow; Dr. F. H. Edihonds, Demerara; Dr. C. Creighton, Cambridge; Mr.S. J. Noake, Halton; Mr. G. Eastes, London; Dr. Gelston Atkins, Cork; Mr. J.Ffrench Blake, Lonidon; Mir. J. Nicholls, Croydon; Dr. J. Althaus, London;Dr. Fancourt BEaries, London; etc.

BOOKS, ETC., RECEIVED.

Diseases anid Injuries of the Eye. By George Lawson, F.R.C.S, London: HenryRenshaw. I 2o0.

All Introductioni to the Study of Chemistry. By A. Luff, F.R.S., F.L.S. London:J. anid A. Chur-chill. I88o.

Surgical Emergencies. By W. Paul Swain, F.R.C.S. London: J. and A.Churchill. IS8o.

Healthy Life and Healthy Dwellings. By George Wilsoni, M.A., M.D. London:J. and A. Churchill. iS8o.

On the Bile, Jaundice, and Bilious Disease. By J. W. Legg. London: H. K.Lewis. iSXSo.

The Pathology and Treatment of Venereal Diseases. By Freeman J. Bumstead,Ml.D., LL.D.; and Robert XV. Taylor, A.M., M.D. Philade!phia: Henry C.Lea. 1879. Lonidon: Triibner and Co.

Contributionis to Obstetrics and Gynwaecology. By A. Russell Simpson, M.D.Edinburgh: A. anid C. Black. s88o.

On Diseases of the Skin. By Ferdinand Hebra, M.D. Translated and edited byWaren Tay, F.R.C.S. Vol. v. The New Sydenham Society. Londoni: I88o.

The New Sydeniham Society's Lexicon of AMedicine and the Allied Sciences. ByHenry Power, MBl.B., and WV. Sedgwick, M.D. Part iii. London: I88o.

*An Atlas of Illustrations of Pathology. By Dr. Greenfield and Dr. Goodhart.Lonidon: The New Sydenham Society. I88o.

Carlsbad and its Natural Healing Agents from the Physiological and TherapeuticalPoint of View. By J. Kraus, M.D. With Introductory Notes by Rev. John1'. WXalters, M.A. Second edition. London: Triibner and Co. I88o.

The Cob:iam Journal. By E. A. Ornierod, F.M.S. London: E. Staniford. Is88o.Alanual for the Physiological Laboratory. By Vincent Harris, M.D., and D'Arcy

'ower, B.A.Oxon. London: Bailli4re, Tindall, and Cox. I88o.IHay Fever: Its Causes, Treatment, and Effective Preventions. By C. H. Blackley,

iI.D. London: Bailllsre, T'indall, and Cox.Neurological Contributions. By W. A. Hammond, M.D., and W. J. Morton, M.D.

New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. i88o.Du Traitenenit de la Pneumonie Aigue. Par le Dr. V. Hanot. Paris: J. B.

Bailliere et Fils. London: Baillire, Tindall, and Cox. I88o.Des 'Tironbles Oculaires dans les Maladies de l'Encephale. Par le Dr. Albert Robin,

Paris: J. B. Bailliire et Fils. London: Bai!liere, T'indall, and Cox. i88o.Les Pnieumonies Chroniques. Par le Dr. J. Regimbeau. Paris: J. B. BailliHre et

Fils. Lonidon: llailliUre, Tinidall, and Cox. I83o.Recherches Cliniques et Exp6rimentales sur le Bruit de MIoulin. Paris: J. 13.

Bailli:re et Fils. Londoni: Bailliere, Tindall, and Cox. I88o.Des Paralysies dans les MIaladies Aiguls. Par le Dr. L. Landouzy. Paris: J. 13.

BailliFre et Fils. London: Bailliere, Tindall, and Cox. I88o.Des Sueurs Morbides. Par L. Bouveret. Paris: J. B. BailliHre et Fils. London:

Bailliere, Tindall, and Cox. I88o.Des Gangrines Sponitanes. Par le Dr. E. Rondot. Paris: J. B. Bailliere et Fils.

London: BailliHre, Tindall, and Cox. I8go.Accidents de la Lithiase Bilinire. Par le -Dr' A. Moess. Paris: J. B. BailliHre el

iTs. London: Uaillirc, Tindall, and Cox. s3Io.