Intelligence testing

M.A. 3rd semester Paper II Psycho diagnosis

Intelligence testingAachal P. Taywade

Definition of intelligenceStern (1914): Intelligence is the general mental capacity of an individual to adjust his thinking to new requirements. It is general mental adaptability to new problems and conditions of life.Wechsler (1944): Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of an individual to act purposefully, to think rationally & to deal effectively with his environment.2Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

Assessment of intelligence & concept of I.Q.Various tests to assess intelligence.Binet, Stern, Wechsler pioneers in intelligence testing.It flourished especially at the time of world war.Binet _ mental age (M.A.).William Stern_ intelligence quotient(I.Q.).I.Q. = (M.A./C.A.) 100.

3Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

Types of intelligence testsVerbal-individualVerbal-groupPerformance-individualPerformance-group4Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

Examples The Wechsler Intelligence ScalesMalins intelligence scaleThe Stanford-Binet Intelligence ScaleRavens progressive matricesCulture fair intelligence testsSeguin form board testBhatias battery of intelligenceDraw a man testGessell's Drawing Test of IntelligencePorteus mazes.5Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

StanfordBinet Intelligence Scales


Original Binet- Simon Scale.This test by Lewis Terman (Stanford university)At present, in its 5th edition released in 2003.TimelineApril 1905: Development of Binet-Simon Test announced at a conference in RomeJune 1905: Binet-Simon Intelligence Test introduced1908 and 1911: New Versions of Binet-Simon Intelligence Test1916: Stanford-Binet First Edition by Terman1937: Second Edition by Terman and Merrill1973: Third Edition by Merrill1986: Fourth Edition by Thorndike, Hagen, and Sattler2003: Fifth Edition by Roid.Indian adaptation Binet-Kamat tests.Age group : 2-23 yrs.Total time: 30 to 90 minutes.7Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

Four cognitive areas in SBS which together determine the composite score and factor score, there are total 15 tests.Verbal reasoning : vocabulary, verbal relation, comprehension, etc.Quantitative reasoning : number series, equation, etc.Abstract reasoning: matrices, pattern analysis, paper folding/ cutting.Short-term memory: memory for sentences, digits, objects, etc.8Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

Psychometric propertiesRaw scores standard age scores (SAS).SAS for each test and each cognitive area.Composite performance on entire scale with the help of each tests SAS & appropriate norm tables.Reliability by Kunder-Richardson method.Validity construct validity.


The wechslers scales


Original : David Wechsler (1939).Three scales:WAIS : adults .16-74yrs (1939)WISC : children 7-16 yrs (1955)WPPSI : preschool primary 4-6 yrs (1967).Indian adaptation: Dr. Arthur Malin.


Verbal scaleInformationComprehensionArithmaticSimilaritiesDigit spanVocabularyWord reasoningPerformance scaleDigit symbolPicture completionBlock designPicture arrangementObject assemblyMatrix reasoningmazes


Psychometric properties Norms: full scale IQ, index scores, subtests scaled scores.Reliability: split half reliability : .90 to .98.Validity: correlation with Stanford Binet- .80, with RPM- .7013Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

Cattells culture fair intelligence testRaymond B. Cattellcreated the CFIT to avoid environmental and genetic factors. Cattell argued that general intelligence (g) exists and that it consists of fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. Crystallized intelligence(gc) refers to that aspect of cognition in which initial intelligent judgments have become crystallized as habits. Fluid intelligence(gf) is in several ways more fundamental and shows in tests requiring responses to entirely new situations.


Cattells culture fair intelligence testGroup as well as individual.Time depends on scale.3 scales.

Scale 1For 4-8 yrs. Children& older retardates.Scale 2For 8-14 yrs children & average adults.Scale 3For genius people.


Psychometric properties

I.Q. & Percentile norms are given.Standardization varies according to age level.Reliabilities in .70s. Validity correlations are in the range of .56-.85.Normative data from western European countries, in U.S. & Australia are comparable.16Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

Ravens Progressive Matrices(RPM)


RPMDeveloped by J. C. Raven in 1936.Was designed as a measure of Spearmans g factor of general intelligence.Its a multiple choice intelligence test of abstract reasoning.Subject has to identify missing pattern.18Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

Versions of RPMThree versions:

Name of versionAge groupTotal itemsTime requiredStandard progressive matrices12 yrs & above60 items in 5 sets of 1260 minColored progressive matricesBelow 11 yrs.36 items in 3 sets of 1215-30 minAdvanced progressive matricesHigh intelligence12 practice items36 test items40-60 min


Psychometric propertiesTest retest reliability : .70-.90Internal consistency validity: .80-.90Autism spectrum disorder patients perform higher as they are predisposed towards visual reasoning.20Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

Draw a man test


Draw a man testGoodenough - Harris Draw a person test (DAP).Florence Goodenough developed in 1926, later revised by Dr. Dale Harris.No time limit, hardly takes 15-20 min.Scoring according to the perfection, as per given in manual.Scores- 1 to 51. mental age- 3 yr. 3 month to 15 yr. 9 month.


Draw a man testReliability validity coefficients are adequate.Not wise to use with children above 12 yrs of age.Cultural background & SES highly influences the performance. Asses cognitive developmental levels. Also used as a projective test of personality which is not endorsed by first creator.23Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

Bhatia battery of intelligence testingC. M. Bhatia Constructed this test for Indian population in 1955.5 subtests:Kohs block designAlexander pass a longPattern drawing testImmediate memoryPicture construction24Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

Subtests of Bhatia battery25Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

.. Bhatia batteryTotal max. time 1 hr.Total max. score 95.Standardization of 5 subtests was done for over 4 yrs in villages & cities in places of cross cultural settings. Split half reliability : .55Validity: .77Correlation with other intelligence tests is .67 - .8226Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

These are just few examples.There are many other intelligence tests.Test should be chosen according to the situation, clients suitability n needs of the client.27Ms. Aachal Taywade, Nagpur.

References Becker, K.A (2003). "History of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence scales: Content and psychometrics.".Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition Assessment Service Bulletin No. 1.Binet, Alfred; Simon, Th. (1916).The development of intelligence in children: The BinetSimon Scale. Publications of the Training School at Vineland New Jersey Department of Research No. 11. E. S. Kite (Trans.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. Retrieved 18 July 2010.Kaplan, R. M. & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2009). "Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues" (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth."Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--RevisedRetrieved2009-03-31.


References Cattell, R. B.La theorie de l'intelligence fluide et cristallisee sa relation avec les tests "culture fair" et sa verification chez les enfants de 9 a 12 ens. Reoue de Psychologie Appliquee, 1967, 17, 3, 135154Raven, J., Raven, J.C., & Court, J.H. (2003, updated 2004)Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales.San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.Anastasi, A. Urbina, S. (2004).Psychological Testing(7th Ed.). India: Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd., chapter two.



Intelligence testing

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