National security

Protection against threats such as terrorism, espionage and sabotage, the activities of agents of foreign powers, and from actions intended to overthrow or undermine

parliamentary democracy by political, industrial or violent means

United States of America Intelligence Community

Composed of 18 organizations (“IC elements”) • Two independent agencies – ODNI and CIA• Nine Department of Defense – DIA, NSA, NGA,

NRO, US Air Force Intelligence, U.S. Navy Intelligence, U.S. Army Intelligence, and U.S. Marine Corps Intelligence, Space Force

• Seven elements of other departments and agencies

Independent Agencies

• OFFICE of the DIRECTOR of NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (ODNI)• Director of National Intelligence serves as the head of the U.S. Intelligence Community• Principal advisor to the President, the National Security Council, and the Homeland Security Council for

intelligence matters• Set up under Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004

• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)• Intelligence on foreign countries and global issues• Separated into seven basic components: Directorate of Analysis, Directorate of Operations, Directorate of

Science and Technology, Directorate of Support, Directorate of Digital Innovation, Mission Centers, and Offices of the Director

• Federal Bureau of Investigation• Intelligence and law enforcement agency

• Mandate - Internal security, counter-terrorism, counter-intelligence

• Under Department of Justice

• Defense Intelligence Agency• foreign military intelligence and provides military intelligence to warfighters,

defense policymakers and force planners• Under Department of Defense

• National Security Agency/Central Security Service• Mandate - cyptologic organization, protect U.S. information

systems, produce foreign signals intelligence information• Under Department of Defense

United Kingdom Intelligence

• Joint Intelligence Committee• Assesses intelligence gathered for policy-making

• Oversight of SIS, SS, GCHQ and DI

• Secret Intelligence Service also known as MI6• Three core aims: Counter Terrorism, Disrupting Hostile State Activity, and Promoting and defending

the UK’s cyber realm

• Founded in 1909

• HQ – Vauxhall Cross, London

• Secret Service also known as MI5• protect British parliamentary democracy and economic interests, and

counter terrorism and espionage• colloquially known as Box, or Box 500, after its official wartime address of PO Box 500

• Government Communications Headquarters • Providing signals intelligence (SIGINT) and information assurance• Two main components: Composite Signals Organisation (CSO) - gathering information, and National

Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) - securing own communications

• Defence Intelligence (DI)• Military Intelligence• Under Ministry of Defence

Israel

• Mossad• Meaning 'Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations’

• Responsible for intelligence collection, covert operations, and counter-terrorism.

• Operation "Wrath of God” - eliminate Black September individuals involved in the 1972 Munich massacre

• Eli Cohen – known for espionage in Syria

• Shin Bet or Shabak• "The unseen shield”

• Internal Intelligence Service

• Formed 1949

• Aman

• military intelligence, information security, and counterintelligence

France

• General Directorate for External Security (DGSE)• Mandate - seek secret information abroad, of interest to

defense and national security• crisis intelligence, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation

• General Directorate for Internal Security (DGSI)• succeeds the Central Directorate of Internal Intelligence (DCRI)• attached directly to the Minister of the Interior• counter-espionage, economic counter-interference and counter-proliferation,

counter terrorism and violent extremism, counter cyber crime

• Others:

• Military Intelligence Directorate (DRM)

• Defense Intelligence and Security Directorate (DRSD)

• National Directorate of Intelligence and Customs Investigations (DNRED)

• Intelligence Processing and Action Service Against Clandestine Financial Circuits (TRACFIN)

Canada

• Canadian Security Intelligence Service• primary national intelligence service

• intelligence on threats to Canada's national security

• conducts operations, covert and overt, within Canada and abroad

• HQ - Ottawa, Ontario, 1984

• Under Ministry of public safety

Australia

National Intelligence Community

• Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS)

• Under Ministry of Foreign Affairs

• Established on May 13 1952

• Collector of foreign intelligence

• Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO)

• National Security matters

• Counter–terrorism, Counter–espionage and foreign interference, Border security, Protective security

• Under Ministry for Home Affairs

Germany

• Federal Intelligence Service (BND)

• Bundesnachrichtendienst

• Foreign intelligence service

• Under German Chancellery

• HQ – Berlin

• Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV)

• Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz

• domestic intelligence agency

• threats to the German state in the form of religious extremism, political extremism and organized crime, counterintelligence

• Under Federal Ministry of the Interior

• Military Counterintelligence Service (MAD) – Military Intelligence

Japan

• Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office

• “Naicho”

• Under the Cabinet Secretariat

• International Counter-Terrorism Intelligence Collection

• Public Security Intelligence Agency

• “Kouanchousa-chou”

• national intelligence agency

• administered by the Ministry of Justice

• internal security and espionage against threats

• Formed in 1952

Russia

• Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation (SVR)• external intelligence agency • Succeeded the First Chief Directorate (PGU) of the KGB in

December 1991• Reports to President

• Federal Security Service (FSB)• principal security agency• main successor agency to the Soviet Union's KGB• Internal, include counter-intelligence, internal and border security, counter-

terrorism, and surveillance• Reports to President

• Federal Protective Service (FSO)• Also known as Federal Guard Service• protection of several high-ranking state officials

• Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (GRU)• foreign military intelligence agency• subordinate to the Russian military command, reporting to the Minister of

Defence and the Chief of the General Staff.

KGB - Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (Dissolved in November 1991)

Bangladesh

• National Security Intelligence

• Also known as Directorate-General of National Security Intelligence

• principal intelligence agency

• internal security, foreign intelligence and counterintelligence

• Reports to Prime Minister

• Formed in 29 December 1972

• Special Branch

• perform verification role, give protection to the VIPs intelligence gathering, immigration controls

• Reports to Prime Minister

Pakistan

• Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)• headed by a Director-General, who is traditionally a serving Lieutenant-General (Three-star general) in the

Pakistan Army, appointed by the Prime Minister

• Three wings:

• Internal Wing – domestic intelligence, counter-intelligence, counter-espionage, and counter-terrorism

• External Wing – external intelligence, counter-intelligence, and espionage

• Foreign Relations Wing – diplomatic intelligence and foreign relations intelligence• Formed - January 1, 1948

• HQ - Aabpara, Islamabad

• Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)• civilian intelligence agency

• Director-General appointed from civil bureaucracy and police

• Formed - August 17, 1947, HQ - Islamabad

• Directorate-General for Military Intelligence (DGMI)

• Major organisation responsible for coup d'état against the government

• HQ - Army GHQ, Rawalpindi

China

• Ministry of State Security (MSS)• Also known as ’Guoanbu’

• counter-intelligence, foreign intelligence and political security

• preceded by the Central Investigation Department (CID), which was China's primary intelligence organization from 1955 to 1983

• Divided in 17 bureaus

• Ministry of Public Security (MPS)• principal police and security authority

• Oversight and law enforcement, internal security dynamics

‘Thousand Grains of Sand’

• Joint Staff Department Intelligence Bureau• external intelligence agency of People’s Liberation Army (PLA)

• Strategic Support Force• cyber warfare, foreign political interference, PsyOps

Indian intelligence agencies

Criminal Investigation Department (CID)

It is a branch of the State Police Services of India responsible for the investigation of crime

The first CID was created by the British Government in 1902, based on the recommendations of the Police Commission.

Rai Bahadur Pandit Shambhu Nath -"Father of Indian CID"

Central Economic Intelligence Bureau (CEIB)

It was established in July, 1985 responsible to the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance.

Along with the Income Tax Department it is India's chief agency responsible for economic intelligence, monitoring and fighting economic offences such as smuggling, money laundering tax evasion and fraud.

The Central Economic Intelligence Bureau is headed by a Director General, who also carries the designation of Special Secretary to the Government of India. The CEIB is the chief constituent of the Economic Intelligence Council and is responsible to the Finance Minister of India.

Enforcement Directorate

ED is a law enforcement agency and economic intelligence agency responsible for enforcing economic laws and fighting economic crime in India.

It is part of the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, Government Of India. It is composed of officers from the Indian Revenue Service, Indian Corporate Law Service, Indian Police Service and the Indian Administrative Service as well as promoted officers from its own cadre

The prime objective of the Enforcement Directorate is the enforcement of two key Acts namely, the Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999 (FEMA) and the Prevention of Money Laundering Act 2002 (PMLA)

Economic Intelligence Council

The Economic Intelligence Council is the apex forum overseeing government agencies responsible for economic intelligence and combating economic offences in India.

The Council is also the apex of 18 regional economic intelligence committees, and is part of the Union Ministry of Finance. It was formed in 1990.

The chairperson of the Economic Intelligence Council is the Finance Minister of India.

Its chief members include the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and the Directors of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) and the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI).

The Deputy Director General of the Central Economic Intelligence Bureau serves as the Council's secretary.

The Defence Intelligence Agency (D.I.A)

It is an organisation responsible for providing and coordinating military intelligence for the Indian armed forces.

It was created in March 2002 and is administered within the Ministry of Defence.

It was formally recommended by the Cabinet Group of Ministers, headed by the then Deputy Prime Minister of India Lal Krishna Advani. The Group of Ministers investigated intelligence lapses that occurred during the Kargil War and

recommended a comprehensive reform of Indian intelligence agencies. The Defence Intelligence Agency was created and became operational in March, 2002.

The Director General of the Defence Intelligence Agency is the head of the entire organisation. The director general is the principal advisor on intelligence to the Minister of Defence and the Chief of Defence Staff. The post of the director general will be held in rotation between the three

armed services.

Directorate of Revenue Intelligence

DRI is an Indian intelligence agency.

It is India's apex anti-smuggling intelligence, investigations and operations agency.

The Directorate is run by officers from the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) who are posted in its various Zonal Units as well as in Indian embassies abroad as part of the Customs Overseas Intelligence Network.

It is headed by a Director General of the rank of Special Secretary to the Government of India. The Agency works to secure India's national and economic security by preventing the outright smuggling of contraband such as firearms, gold, narcotics, Fake Indian Currency notes, antiques, wildlife and environmental products. Moreover, it also works to prevent the proliferation of black money, trade based money laundering and commercial frauds.

Intelligence Bureau

Motto -जागृतं अहर्निशं (English: Always Alert)

IB is India's domestic intelligence, internal security and counter-intelligence agency.

In 1885, Major General Charles MacGregor was appointed Quartermaster General for the British Indian Army at Simlaand thereby became responsible for its intelligence activities.

The main concern of the time was to monitor Russian troop deployments in Afghanistan so as to avoid an invasion of British India from the northwest.

In 1909, the Indian Political Intelligence Office was established in England in response to the development of Indian revolutionary activities. It came to be called Indian Political Intelligence (IPI) in 1921, constituting a surveillance and

monitoring agency run jointly by the India Office and the Government of India and maintaining close contact with Scotland Yard and MI5. After Indian independence in 1947, IPI was renamed as the Intelligence Bureau under the Ministry of Home

Affairs.

Narcotics Control Bureau

Formed in 1986, It is an Indian federal law enforcement and intelligence agency under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. The agency is tasked with combating drug trafficking and the use of illegal substances under the provisions of Narcotic Drugs and

Psychotropic Substances Act.

The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)

Formed in 1968, It is the foreign intelligence agency of India. The agency's primary function is gathering foreign intelligence, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation, advising Indian

policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests.

It is also involved in the security of India's nuclear programme.

Motto - धर्मो रक्षति रतक्षिः

First Director - Rameshwar Nath Kao

Headquartered in New Delhi

National Investigation Agency

NIA is India's counter-terrorist task force.

The agency is empowered to deal with terror related crimes across states without special permission from the states.

The Agency came into existence with the enactment of the National Investigation Agency Act 2008 by the Parliament of India on 31 December 2008, which was passed after the deadly

26/11 terror attack in Mumbai.

Headquartered in New Delhi

National Technical Research Organisation

Formed in 2004, NTRO is a technical intelligence Agency under the National Security Advisor in the Prime Minister's Office, India.

It was set up in 2004.

It also includes National Institute of Cryptology Research and Development (NICRD), which is first of its kind in Asia.

NTRO has the same “norms of conduct” as the Intelligence Bureau (IB) and the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW).

The organisation does hi-tech surveillance jobs, including satellite monitoring, terrestrial monitoring, internet monitoring, considered vital for the national security apparatus