Intellectual property management and commercialization of agricultural research: A case of MARDI
Intellectual property rights, agricultural innovation, and ...
Transcript of Intellectual property rights, agricultural innovation, and ...
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Sara BoettigerUC Davis & UC BerkeleyOctober 2008
Intellectual property rights, agricultural innovation, and developing countries
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Supporting public sector agricultural innovation for poverty alleviation.
www.pipra.org
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The public sector has a long and venerable history of providing the world with important agricultural innovations…
public intellectual property resource for agriculture
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public intellectual property resource for agriculture
Agricultural research – increasingly a private asset…
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“Golden” rice
70 proprietary 70 proprietary technologies (40 technologies (40 US patents)US patents)ØØ IP uncertaintyIP uncertaintyØØ High High transactiontransaction
costscosts
… which creates IP challenges for public researchand missed opportunities for crop development.
public intellectual property resource for agriculture
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Private Private Sector Sector –– 97.3%97.3%
Public Public Sector Sector –– 2.7%2.7%
AventisAventis4%4%
DowDow3%3%Rest of private Rest of private
sectorsector33%33%
UnknownUnknown2%2%
Public sectorPublic sector24%24%
MonsantoMonsanto 14%14%
Du PontDu Pont13%13%
SyngentaSyngenta 7%7%
Agricultural biotechnologyAgricultural biotechnology
All technology areas All technology areas -- USPTOUSPTO
public intellectual property resource for agriculture
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Our own anti-commons
Source: Graff et al., Nature Biotech, 2003
THE PUBLIC SECTOR IP PORTFOLIO IS HIGHLY FRAGMENTED
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public intellectual property resource for agriculture
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PIPRA works for the public sector to:(1) enable access to agricultural technologies(2)develop IP strategies that will promote the highest impact on poverty.
public intellectual property resource for agriculture
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If we are to:• accelerate and broaden the pipeline of technologies that can
impact poverty• make them accessible and affordable • make their delivery sustainable over time
…we need both public and private sectors.
BUT the public sector often lacks the resources and/or the capacity to manage IP in a strategic way to support product development.
public intellectual property resource for agriculture
Collaboration with industry is critical.
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public intellectual property resource for agriculture
50 institutional members in 15 countries
IP analysis staffMolecular biology labsNetwork of top IP attorneys
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A Public Sector Patent Pool in A Public Sector Patent Pool in Agricultural BiotechnologyAgricultural Biotechnology
GermplasmGermplasm
Enabling TechnologiesEnabling Technologies
TraitsTraitsVectorsVectorsPromotersPromotersSelectable markersSelectable markersTransformation MethodsTransformation Methods
Disease/Stress resistanceDisease/Stress resistanceNutritional enhancementNutritional enhancementStress (salt/drought) toleranceStress (salt/drought) tolerance
CultivarsCultivars
public intellectual property resource for agriculture
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Approach: Integrate biological, legal and regulatory considerations to develop, test, and distribute effective plant transformation vectors with maximum FTO to meet range of
research needs
Freedom-to-Operate FTO: Ability of using a technology without infringing someone
else's intellectual property rights.
Goal: Enable research on a wide array of agricultural applications and facilitate the transfer of research results from
the lab bench to the field
A Public Sector Patent Pool in A Public Sector Patent Pool in Agricultural BiotechnologyAgricultural Biotechnologypublic intellectual property resource for agriculture
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public intellectual property resource for agriculture
GALVmed: commercialization strategies for livestock vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa
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www.IPHANDBOOK.org
PIPRA teaches about IP strategy and managementpublic intellectual property resource for agriculture
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Supporting the public sector in
PPPsl Water Efficient Maize for Africa
l Monsanto + African Agricultural Technology Foundation + CIMMYT
l Funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
l PIPRA worked with Morrison and Foerster, LLP to support CIMMYT in negotiating the R & D agreement
public intellectual property resource for agriculture
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A Public Sector Patent Pool in A Public Sector Patent Pool in Agricultural BiotechnologyAgricultural Biotechnology
Primary To Transformants: Selectable Marker + Excision Marker –
Transformation
2nd Generation
Selectable Marker + Excision Marker +
3rd GenerationSelectable Marker -Excision Marker -
Transposon Module
public intellectual property resource for agriculture