IntelIntel®® Research mote Research mote

Ralph KlingRalph Kling

Intel Corporation ResearchIntel Corporation Research

Santa Clara, CASanta Clara, CA

22

OverviewOverview

Intel mote project goalsIntel mote project goals

Project status and directionProject status and direction

Intel mote hardwareIntel mote hardware

Intel mote softwareIntel mote software

Summary and outlookSummary and outlook

Intel mote prototypeIntel mote prototype

33

Intel mote project goalsIntel mote project goals

Develop an enhanced universal mote building blockDevelop an enhanced universal mote building block High platform integration level (core, radio, memory…)High platform integration level (core, radio, memory…) Low power operationLow power operation Small physical sizeSmall physical size Modular HW/SW designModular HW/SW design System power managementSystem power management Low cost and volume production potentialLow cost and volume production potential

Support and collaboration on sensor network researchSupport and collaboration on sensor network research Multi-hop networkingMulti-hop networking Power aware routingPower aware routing

44

Detailed research areasDetailed research areas

Ultra low power operationUltra low power operation Smart wireless communicationSmart wireless communication Battery lifetime of up to a yearBattery lifetime of up to a year

System level integrationSystem level integration CPU and radio component integrationCPU and radio component integration RF direct to antenna outputRF direct to antenna output System level partitioning and optimizationSystem level partitioning and optimization Integration of different technologiesIntegration of different technologies

Digital, analog, MEMS, memory…Digital, analog, MEMS, memory…

Power and performance efficient HW reconfigurationPower and performance efficient HW reconfiguration Task specific accelerationTask specific acceleration Flexibility with good power/performance trade-offFlexibility with good power/performance trade-off

ηη

55

Project status and directionProject status and direction

11stst generation Intel mote generation Intel motePackage level integration

22ndnd generation Intel mote generation Intel moteHW and SW improvements

33rdrd generation Intel mote generation Intel moteNew integrated design

FutureSingle chip with layered components

We are here:Intel mote prototype

2002 2003 2004 2005

Sensor MEMSNonvolatile storageRF MEMSDigital/analog siliconBattery

UCB mote

66

Intel Research mote summaryEnhanced building block for wireless sensor networks

Applications

Participants• Intel research labs• Academic research• Start-ups

Status• Business model development studied• Feedback from Berkeley Lab collected• CPU/Radio component evaluation done• Architecture specification completed• Second prototype HW/SW created

Overview• CPU core

• Wireless radio

• Sensor interface

Firefightingand rescue

Process monitoringand control

Structure andearthquakemonitoring

Agriculture

Military

900MHz UWB?Zigbee?BT

ARMAtmel

Analog Digital Currentspec

77

11stst generation Intel mote goals generation Intel mote goals

Provide improved featuresProvide improved features Reliability of radio linksReliability of radio links Increased CPU performanceIncreased CPU performance Security featuresSecurity features Modular designModular design Reduced costReduced cost

Competitive battery lifeCompetitive battery life Assumed duty cycle <1%Assumed duty cycle <1% HW solutions: power down modesHW solutions: power down modes SW solutions: smart networking protocolsSW solutions: smart networking protocols

88

Intel mote hardwareIntel mote hardware

Intel mote is a modular, stackable designIntel mote is a modular, stackable design Power supply board (battery, AC, solar, …)Power supply board (battery, AC, solar, …) Main board (ARM core, SRAM, FLASH, BT radio)Main board (ARM core, SRAM, FLASH, BT radio) Sensor board(s)Sensor board(s) Other boards (alternate radio, debug, actuator, …)Other boards (alternate radio, debug, actuator, …)

Backbone interconnect provides power, signalingBackbone interconnect provides power, signaling

Power board

Main board

Sensor board

Backbone interconnect

99

Intel mote and sensor net softwareIntel mote and sensor net software

Based on TinyOSBased on TinyOS Port to ARM architecturePort to ARM architecture

Intel mote specific layerIntel mote specific layer BT supportBT support Platform device driversPlatform device drivers

Network layerNetwork layer Topology establishmentTopology establishment Single- and multi-hop routingSingle- and multi-hop routing

Security featuresSecurity features AuthenticationAuthentication EncryptionEncryption

TinyOS applications

TinyOS base

Network layer

Intel mote layer

Intel mote firmware (BT)

Intel mote hardware

1010

SummarySummary

The Intel mote project is now ~7 months oldThe Intel mote project is now ~7 months old

StatusStatus Prototype HW developedPrototype HW developed TinyOS based SW stack near completionTinyOS based SW stack near completion Start of pilot project investigationsStart of pilot project investigations

Academic and commercialAcademic and commercial

Challenges for 2003Challenges for 2003 Enable volume production in 1H 2003Enable volume production in 1H 2003 Promote Intel mote in research and industryPromote Intel mote in research and industry Deliver easy to use Intel mote sensor network kitDeliver easy to use Intel mote sensor network kit Start design of next generation Intel moteStart design of next generation Intel mote

1111

Intel mote vs. Berkeley moteIntel mote vs. Berkeley mote

Original mote design by University of California at Original mote design by University of California at BerkeleyBerkeley

Retained or extended featuresRetained or extended features TinyOS baseTinyOS base Modular designModular design Multi-hop networkingMulti-hop networking

New or changed featuresNew or changed features ARM based CPU coreARM based CPU core BT radioBT radio

1212

Why Bluetooth?Why Bluetooth?

Availability of SOC integrated devicesAvailability of SOC integrated devices Single chip BT/controller/memorySingle chip BT/controller/memory Low cost, availability from many sourcesLow cost, availability from many sources On technology curve 0.18u -> 0.13u this yearOn technology curve 0.18u -> 0.13u this year

Radio featuresRadio features Link level reliability and security provisionsLink level reliability and security provisions Nominally higher power (~3-5x single channel 900MHz radios)Nominally higher power (~3-5x single channel 900MHz radios)

7-10x higher bandwidth7-10x higher bandwidth

Spread spectrum operation increases link reliabilitySpread spectrum operation increases link reliability

Precise synchronization within piconetsPrecise synchronization within piconets Looking forward to measuring effective power consumptionLooking forward to measuring effective power consumption

1313

Intel mote technical detailsIntel mote technical details

ARM coreARM core 12MHZ12MHZ 64kB SRAM64kB SRAM 512kB FLASH512kB FLASH

BT radioBT radio Up to +4dbm transmitUp to +4dbm transmit -80dbm receive-80dbm receive >30m range>30m range

Battery life (projected) at 1% duty cycleBattery life (projected) at 1% duty cycle >1 month with coin cells>1 month with coin cells >6 months with AA cells>6 months with AA cells

II22C backbone interconnectC backbone interconnect 100kb/s transfer rate (up to 400kb/s in future revisions)100kb/s transfer rate (up to 400kb/s in future revisions)

Debug connectorDebug connector UART, USB slave, JTAGUART, USB slave, JTAG