Intel Confidential Page 1 Intel 64-bit Server Technology Philip King Solution Specialist Intel...

Intel Intel ConfidentialConfidential

Intel 64-bit Server Technology

Philip KingSolution Specialist

Intel CorporationApril 21, 2023


Agenda

• Intel® Server Processors

• Intel® Xeon™ and Itanium™ Platforms

• Extended Memory 64 Technology

• Micro-architecture comparisons

• Performance and Scalability

• Dual and Multi-core plans

• 64-bit Platform selection guidance


IntelIntel®® Server Processor Roadmap Server Processor Roadmap

®®

Pe

rfo

rma

nc

e , R

AS

, Sc

ala

bili

ty

2002 2004

. . .. . .

Itanium® 2 Itanium® 2 ProcessorProcessor

Itanium® 2 Itanium® 2 ProcessorProcessor

Xeon™Xeon™ProcessorProcessorXeon™Xeon™

ProcessorProcessor

2003 2005

Itanium 2 Itanium 2 Processor Processor

(Madison)(Madison)


(Madison)(Madison)

. . .. . .

NoconaNocona(8/6/04)(8/6/04)

NoconaNocona(8/6/04)(8/6/04)

PotomacPotomac(Q2’05)(Q2’05)

PotomacPotomac(Q2’05)(Q2’05)

•.18µ• 3MB iL3 cache

• .13µ• 6MB iL3 cache

• 90nm• 24MB iL3 cache•Dual-core

• HT• .13µ•2MB iL3 cache

• HT; EM64T• 1MB iL2 cache•> 3.6 Ghz; 90nm;

2006-Beyond

MontecitoMontecito(Q3’05)(Q3’05)

MontecitoMontecito(Q3’05)(Q3’05)


(Madison Refresh)(Madison Refresh)


(Madison Refresh)(Madison Refresh)

• .13µ• 9MB iL3 cache

• HT; EM64T• 4MB+ iL3 cache•> 3 Ghz; 90nm;

Future Direction:

• Larger Caches

• 65nm process

• Multiple cores

• Multi-threading

• Virtualization

• >1 billion trans.


Intel® Xeon™ Platform

2004 Enhancements2004 Enhancements

2003 & Prior 2003 & Prior EnhancementsEnhancements

Future Future EnhancementEnhancement

Hyper-Threading Hyper-Threading TechnologyTechnology

Intel® Netburst® Intel® Netburst® micro-architecturemicro-architecture

SSE & SSE2 SSE & SSE2 instructionsinstructions

VirtualizationVirtualization User defined power User defined power

thresholdsthresholds Dual core CPUsDual core CPUs Fully buffered Fully buffered

DIMMsDIMMs

New SSE3 instructionsNew SSE3 instructions PCI Express*PCI Express* 800MHz FSB800MHz FSB 64-bit extension technology64-bit extension technology

Power management technologyPower management technology Demand Based Switching (DBS)Demand Based Switching (DBS)

DDR2 memoryDDR2 memory Higher capacity & performance w/ lower powerHigher capacity & performance w/ lower power

Intel, Netburst and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.

* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.


Intel® Itanium® Platform

2005 Planned Enhancements2005 Planned Enhancements

2004 & Prior 2004 & Prior EnhancementsEnhancements

EPIC architectureEPIC architectureEnhanced Machine Enhanced Machine

Check ArchitectureCheck ArchitectureFMAC for floating-point FMAC for floating-point

leadershipleadershipLargest on-die resources Largest on-die resources

for demanding workloadsfor demanding workloads

Multi-coreMulti-core VirtualizationVirtualization I/O and memory I/O and memory Enhanced RASEnhanced RAS Cost parity with Xeon processor Cost parity with Xeon processor

based platforms (via common based platforms (via common platform infrastructure)platform infrastructure)

Up to 2X higher performance than Up to 2X higher performance than Xeon based platforms Xeon based platforms

Dual-coreDual-core Multi-threadingMulti-threading Power management technologyPower management technology

Demand Based Switching (DBS)Demand Based Switching (DBS)Automatic Control Power Consumption (ACPC)Automatic Control Power Consumption (ACPC)

Enhanced system bus BandwidthEnhanced system bus Bandwidth

Foxton Technology (performance feature)Foxton Technology (performance feature) Pellston Technology (cache reliability)Pellston Technology (cache reliability) PCI Express*PCI Express* Fully-buffered DIMMS (FBD) , DDR2Fully-buffered DIMMS (FBD) , DDR2

Future Future EnhancementsEnhancements

And lower power than today


What is Intel® Extended Memory 64 Technology?

Evolutionary IA-32 architectural enhancements to support Evolutionary IA-32 architectural enhancements to support extended memory past 4 GBextended memory past 4 GB

Evolutionary IA-32 architectural enhancements to support Evolutionary IA-32 architectural enhancements to support extended memory past 4 GBextended memory past 4 GB

Additional RegistersAdditional Registers8-SSE & 8-Gen Purpose8-SSE & 8-Gen Purpose

Additional RegistersAdditional Registers8-SSE & 8-Gen Purpose8-SSE & 8-Gen Purpose

64-bit Integer Support64-bit Integer Support(Double Length)(Double Length)

64-bit Integer Support64-bit Integer Support(Double Length)(Double Length)

Extended MemoryExtended MemoryAddressabilityAddressability

64-bit Pointers, 64-bit 64-bit Pointers, 64-bit RegistersRegisters

Extended MemoryExtended MemoryAddressabilityAddressability

64-bit Pointers, 64-bit 64-bit Pointers, 64-bit RegistersRegisters

++ ==With Intel® With Intel®

EM64TEM64TSupport for flat virtualSupport for flat virtual

Address spaceAddress space

Support for flat virtualSupport for flat virtualAddress spaceAddress space

64-bit64-bit64/6464/64

64-bit64-bit64/6464/64

Compatibility ModeCompatibility Mode64 OS / 32 Apps64 OS / 32 Apps

64-bit Mode64-bit Mode64 OS / 64 Apps64 OS / 64 Apps

Compatibility ModeCompatibility Mode64 OS / 32 Apps64 OS / 32 Apps

64-bit Mode64-bit Mode64 OS / 64 Apps64 OS / 64 Apps

Legacy ModeLegacy Mode32 OS / 32 Apps32 OS / 32 Apps

Legacy ModeLegacy Mode32 OS / 32 Apps32 OS / 32 Apps

FeaturesFeatures

++

ModesModes


CISC

RISC

Superscalar

EPICEPIC

Per

form

ance

Time

• Largest, most demanding workloads requires new approach

• Benefits from the experience of past architectures

• A convergence of the best minds in the industry

• Maximizes instructions executed in parallel

• Multiple execution units and issue ports

• Large and fast on-die cache • 128 general registers, 128 floating point

registers, 8 branch• Efficient management engine

– Register stack engine– 4 GB page size

• Modular• Able to seamlessly add

execution resources, issue ports

Massive on-chip Massive on-chip resourcesresources

Performance Performance through parallelismthrough parallelism ScalableScalable

IBM 370, VAX 11*IBM 370, VAX 11*Age : 20+Age : 20+

Sun SPARC, MIPS R4000*Sun SPARC, MIPS R4000*Age : 10-15+Age : 10-15+

IntelIntel®® ItaniumItanium®®

ProcessorProcessor Age : 2+Age : 2+

IBM PowerPC*IBM PowerPC*Age : 9+Age : 9+

Next Enterprise Architecture

* Source: * Source: Computer Organization and Architecture, 1999 W. StallingsComputer Organization and Architecture, 1999 W. Stallings

Intel Itanium architecture built from the ground up to meet the needs of the most demanding applications


Characteristics of High-end ProcessorsHigh-end Processors Require Significant Resources, Capabilities

AMD Opteron*AMD Opteron*

1 MB on-1 MB on-diedie

cachecache72 72 RegistersRegisters

2 / 4 MB 2 / 4 MB page sizepage size

6 MB 6 MB 9 MB 9 MB on-die cacheon-die cache

4 GB 4 GB page sizepage size

264264RegistersRegisters

ItaniumItanium®® 2 2 processorprocessor

1 MB1 MBon-die on-die cachecache4 MB 4 MB

page sizepage size

160160RegistersRegisters

Sun Sun UltraSPARC UltraSPARC

IIIi* IIIi* Up to Up to 1.5 MB1.5 MBon-die on-die cachecache72 72

RegistersRegisters

IBM IBM Power* 4Power* 4

16 MB16 MBpage sizepage size

Source: IBM.comSource: IBM.com Source: sun.comSource: sun.com Source: AMD.com,Source: AMD.com,


Hyper-ThreadingHyper-ThreadingTechnologyTechnology

Intel Enterprise Micro-ArchitecturesXeon™ EM64TEM64T

6.4 GB/s6.4 GB/s

1TB 40 bit1TB 40 bit

1 MB1 MB

2 2x Integer2 2x Integer

1 1x Integer, 1 1x Integer, 1 MMx & SSE1 MMx & SSE

2 2 FloatingFloating

PointPoint

~3.6 GHz~3.6 GHz

Itanium® 2 Processor 6M

6.4 GB/s6.4 GB/s

1024 TB1024 TB

88

1 2 3 4

Memory AddressingMemory Addressing

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011

System Bus BandwidthSystem Bus Bandwidth

On-die CacheOn-die Cache

Pipeline StagesPipeline Stages

On-die RegistersOn-die Registers

Execution UnitsExecution Units

Core FrequencyCore Frequency

Issue PortsIssue Ports

Performance via Megahertz Performance via Parallelism

On-die multi-threadOn-die multi-thread

264 Application Registers264 Application Registers+ 64 Predicate Registers*+ 64 Predicate Registers*

6 Instructions / Cycle6 Instructions / Cycle

24 Registers24 Registers

2020

Hyper-ThreadingHyper-ThreadingTechnologyTechnology

3 Instructions / Cycle3 Instructions / Cycle

6 MB6 MB

Instructions / ClkInstructions / Clk

6 Integer, 6 Integer, 3 Branch3 Branch

2 FP, 2 FP, 1 SIMD1 SIMD

2 Load and 2 Load and 2 Store2 Store

** Intel’s EPIC technology includes 64 single-bit predicate registers Intel’s EPIC technology includes 64 single-bit predicate registers to accelerate loop unrolling and branch intensive code execution. to accelerate loop unrolling and branch intensive code execution.

1.5 GHz1.5 GHz


Intel® Server Processor PlatformsPerformancePerformance 1 1

On track to deliver 1.5-2X better performance On track to deliver 1.5-2X better performance than Intel® Xeon™ processorthan Intel® Xeon™ processor

While achieving platform cost parity While achieving platform cost parity via common platform infrastructurevia common platform infrastructure

All products, dates and information arepreliminary and subject to change without notice.

Platform CostPlatform Cost 22

‘‘0404 ’’07+07+

+30%-60% or +30%-60% or higher in ’04higher in ’04

+0% in ’07++0% in ’07+

Source : www.ioncomputers.com, www.dell.com ION SR4004, (4) Xeon processors 2.8 GHz, 2MB cache, 24 GB system memory, 36 GB HDD, no OS - $34,616ION I2X4, (4) Itanium 2 processors 1.5 GHz, 6 MB cache, 24 GB system memory, 36 GB HDD, no OS - $44, 950Dell PowerEdge 2650, (2) Xeon processors 3.2 GHz, 1 MB cache, 4 GB system memory, 36 GB HDD, no OS - $6,143Dell PowerEdge 3250, (2) Itanium 2 processors 1.4 GHz, 1.5 MB cache, 4 GB system memory, 36 GB HDD, no OS - $9,499

1 Data based on Intel projections.2 ‘04 Price based on comparable OEM systems, HW only for enterprise and technical computing applications.

‘‘0404 ’’07+07+

+30%-50%+30%-50%in ‘04in ‘04

+50%-100%+50%-100%in ’07+in ’07+


Multi-Core Technology

• Intel™ manufacturing leadership (90nm, 65nm) enables leading multi-core• Itanium™ architecture has smaller core size – enabling up to 2x more

cores per die than IA-32 for higher performance at same cost

2004 2005 2007 Single Core Dual Core Multi-Core

+ Cache

+ Cache

Cache

Core

4 or more cores

+ Cache

CoreCache

2 or more cores

+ Cache

2X more

cores

All products, dates and features are preliminary and subject to change without notice

ItaniumItanium® ® architecture expected to enable up to 2x more architecture expected to enable up to 2x more cores per processor than Xeon processors by 2007cores per processor than Xeon processors by 2007

ItaniumItanium® ® architecture expected to enable up to 2x more architecture expected to enable up to 2x more cores per processor than Xeon processors by 2007cores per processor than Xeon processors by 2007


Which is the right Architecture?Intel® Xeon™ Processor*Intel® Xeon™ Processor* Intel® Itanium® 2 Processor FamilyIntel® Itanium® 2 Processor Family

• Performance leadership now and getting greater in the future

• Mainframe class reliability features• Best scalability• Over 1600 Applications ported• End to end 64 bit computing

• Best Price/performance• High availability• Scalable• Broadest 32bit S/W availability• Large install base, but all 32bit• 64bit addressability only

Intel Xeon ProcessorIntel Xeon Processor Intel Itanium 2 ProcessorIntel Itanium 2 Processor

64 bit 64 bit AddressabilityAddressability

Legacy Appsneed need 64bit 64bit

addressability addressability

*By 2005 all Xeon processors will have memory extensions

High ComputeServers

don’t need don’t need 64bit 64bit

addressability addressability

Leave applications as 32BitLeave applications as 32Bit Port to EM64T or Port to EM64T or Port to IPFPort to IPF

64 bit 64 bit AddressabilityAddressability


Attribute Intel® Xeon™ processor family Intel® Itanium® processor familyPerformance Best for workgroup, workstation, web

server and IA-32 legacy applications• Out of order execution• Netburst uArchitecture• High frequency (3GHz+)

Best for large database and technical computing workloads• EPIC architecture • Large integrated L3 cache• FMACs / FP engine

Physical Addressing

Expanded memory for legacy solutions• 40 bits (1 TB)

Memory capacity for largest SMP• 50 bits (1024 TB or 1 PB)

Ecosystem Best choice of legacy IA-32 solutions• Mature ecosystem of 32-bit apps, tools, OS• Nascent 64-bit extension ecosystem:

Systems & solutions for largest scalability and highest reliability solutions• Production 64-bit applications, tools & OS • Range of large SMP platforms

RAS Reliable data integrity• ECC & parity coverage on major data arrays

Data integrity & high availability to replace RISC / mainframe at a fraction of cost• ECC & parity on most data arrays & FSB ECC• Enhanced machine check architecture• Fault-tolerant, error-hardened OEM platforms

Architecture Enhanced architecture support• 16 general purpose & 16 SSE registers• 64-bit system MSRs• 64-bit pointers

Architected for enterprise & future headroom •EPIC architecture w/ predication & speculation•264 application registers•64-bit pointers

Platform Leading edge technologies for high performance & balanced platform• DDR2, Faster buses• PCI Express*

End user investment protection• Stable platform (2-3 years+)• Same bus / socket through Montecito• High bandwidth bus; future DDR2 & PCI-Express*

Platform Feature / Benefit Comparison


T H A N K Y O U


B A C K U P


Other 64-bit platform considerations

• Some tools available and will grow over time

• Effort needed to porting to 64 bit is the same regardless of architecture

• Strong 32-bit eco-systems in place, but needs to expand to EM64T

• OEMs are ramping volume quickly

• Best price point for servers

• Native 32 bit environment (drivers still need be ported to 64bit environment)

• Mature Tools and large selection

• Porting effort is about the same as on EM64T

• Eco-system in place and still growing

• OEMs shipping in volume

• Processor price delta between Xeon and IPF (top speed) is <$400 per CPU

• IA32-EL provides 32-bit execution environment – perf. 50% of Xeon top speed

Xeon Processor with EM64TXeon Processor with EM64T Itanium 2 ProcessorItanium 2 Processor


Server Architecture Reliability Comparisons

Characteristic Itanium® 2 Processor

IBM Power*

Intel® Xeon™ MP Processor

Sun Ultra-

Sparc*

Intel® Xeon™

ProcessorOpteron

Error recovery on data bus (ECC or retry) 2005 Internal soft error logic check 2005 2004

Lockstep support Bad/poisoned data containment Cache Reliability (Pellston) 2005 Memory SDEC, retry on double-bit Memory spares Partitioning node core node node

Electrical isolated partitions node node node


0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

4P 32P

+33%

+100%

Itanium® 2 processor 6M scales better than Xeon™ processor MP 3GHz

1 4P: Source www.tpc.org: IBM x365 102,667.42 tpmC, $3.52/tpmC, available: 3/31/2004, with 4 Intel® Xeon processors MP at 3GHz, each with 4MB iL3 cache, running, Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Server, Microsoft SQL Server 2000 EE SP3, 32GB memory. Itanium® 2 processor results of 136,111 tpmC at $4.09/tpmC on HP Integrity Server rx5670 with 4 Itanium® 2 processors 6M at 1.5GHz, each with 6MB L3 cache, 96GB memory, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 3 and Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition; TPC-C availability date 3/5/04.

2 32P: Source www.tpc.org: Unisys ES7000 Orion 540 Enterprise Server 304,148.50 tpmC @ $6.18/tpmC, availability 4/28/04 with 32 Intel® Xeon™ processors MP at 3GHz, each with 4MB iL3 cache, running Microsoft* Windows* Server 2003 Datacenter Edition, Microsoft* SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition. Itanium® 2 processor 6M results on NEC Express5800/1320Xd C/S w/Express5800/120Rf-2, 609,467tpmC, $6.78/tpmC, with thirty two (32) Intel Itanium® 2 processors 6M at 1.5 GHz, running SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 9 and Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition, with 512 GB RAM; Available: 9/1/2004.Results as of 4/29/04. Performance tests and ratings are measured using specific computer systems and/or components and reflect the approximate performance of Intel products as measured by those tests. Any difference in system hardware or software design or configuration may affect actual performance. Buyers should consult other sources of information to evaluate the performance of systems or components they are considering purchasing. For more information on performance tests and on the performance of Intel products, reference www.intel.com/procs/perf/limits.htm or call (U.S.) 1-800-628-8686 or 1-916-356-3104

IA Scalability Performance Comparison: Transaction Processing (TPC-C)

Xeon™ Processor MP 3GHz 4MB L3

Itanium® 2 Processor1.5GHz 6MB L3

tpm

C in

th

ou

san

ds

*Other names and brands may be claimed as property of others

Intel Confidential Page 1 Intel 64-bit Server Technology Philip King Solution Specialist Intel...

Documents

Transcript of Intel Confidential Page 1 Intel 64-bit Server Technology Philip King Solution Specialist Intel...