The Integumentary System:Hair, Skin, & Nails

Student Slides

What is the thickest skin on our body? Thinnest?

Jennifer AlexandreBrijonta LondonJaime Del ToroChristian LauluPeriod: 2

The thickest skin in our body is found on the palms of our hand and soles of our feet. It is approximately 4mm thick on our feet. Both of these areas are hairless and the skin on your feet spreads so it cover your heels and that makes it thicker. The thinnest skin on our body is on our eyelids and lips.

Our skin can thin, when the hypodermis or subcutaneous layer looses fat. When our skin gets too thin, it may become wrinkly. When skin gets too thin and wrinkly, that causes skin to be bruised more easily. The collagen and elastin is what makes our skin strong and thick. The collagen’s function is to make our skin firm, and the elastin is responsible for elasticity. Our skin contains three layers, known as the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis. The epidermal layer is the outer layer, and it’s visible. However, the dermis is another layer and that is the thick layer of skin under the epidermis.

Your thickest skin

Your thinnest skin

Libby ChuongChumiya WileyAngie Nanphosy

Why does some sweat stink? Are there different types of sweat?

Eccrine sweat glands are all over the body, but most concentrated on hands, feet, and forehead. The hypothalamus senses the body’s internal temperature is rising and sends signals to the sweat glands to start cooling the body by secreting sweat.

Apocrine sweat glands don’t develop until puberty. Found around the genitals, breasts, and around the belly button. These sweat glands play a role in sexual attraction.

Sweat doesn't stink. The smell of body odor comes from normal skin bacteria breaking down secretions that are being released from the sweat glands. There are two types of sweat glands, eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands. The eccrine sweat glands iare the type that’s all over most of the body. Apocrine sweat glands are in the areas where there is hair. The apocrine sweat glands causes body odor, but body odor usually starts during puberty when these glands develop.

How does hair grow on our bodies & heads?

Hair is any of the fine threadlike strands growing from the skin of humans, mammals, and etc. There are three phases of hair growth. Anagen, when cell of the root divides, hair forms and pushes the hair up the follicle and out. Catagen, growth stops and the outer root sheath shrinks and attach to the root of the hair. Telogen, hair follicle is at rest and the catagen is completely formed. Hairs on the body have very short active growth phase. Some facts about hair: You are born with all of the follicles you will ever have, about 5 million. You have about 100,000 follicles on your scalp, which is the skin on your head. People with more hair follicles are mostly likely to get bedbugs.

Why do we have fingernails?Fingernails are a feature that distinguish us from others but that’s not the reason we

evolved to have them. Fingernails are also thought to be flattened claws. Fingernails can tell you if you had health problems by the color and the texture of your nails. Nails are tools. Nails may be vestigial of humanity’s wild past. Fingernails help humans to scratch things, peel fruits, open things, pick away the outer layers of other edibles, undo knots, and perform a variety of other tasks. Fingernails helps the hand to grip things and start rips and tears. Nails are made of keratin, a type of protein.

Warnings your fingernails can send.

Lily RosLawrence LaBrayan Chino

Period 2

Fingernails help humans scratch parts of their bodies.

Fingerprints● Fingerprints helps improve your sense of touch.● Fingerprints increase the surface area on our skin allowing us to have a better grip on things● They also help identify people but can do much more. ● The prints on your finger are important because they can help you identify texture.● Fingerprints don’t change over time in fact two identical twins won't have the same fingerprints,

fingerprints develop in the womb and remain the same all through life.● Our fingerprints are produced from a layer skin called Papillary layer, which a layer within the

dermis layer of skin.● Fingerprints are not a wrinkle in the body, the swirls on our finger just help us with grip.● Our prints never change even if you cut off your finger and it grows back. Our print is the same

our entire lives.● Our fingerprints can reduce friction to hold objects better. ● Nobody’s fingerprint is the same.

Eddie BibriescaGabriel ByrdSenayt SiumPeriod 2

Scars are what form when you have acne, surgery, accidents,etc. They are part of the body’s natural healing process and way for the body to protect injured areas.

Symptoms of scars are firm pink to purple tissue that eventually becomes flat and light. What causes scars are a damaged dermis. The appearance of scars than be minimized with treatment, for example injecting steriods wich will decrease inflammation or silicone sheets can be applied that will flatten the scar.

INTERESTING FACT: SCARS TAKE ABOUT ONE FULL CALENDAR YEAR TO COMPLETELY FADE, SOFTEN, AND FLATTEN

This right here is a acne scar.

This right here is a accident that is healed.

This right here is a surgery scar

When the skin is injured, scar tissue forms over the wound to repair and protect the injury. Sometimes the scar tissue grows excessively, forming smooth and hard growths known as keloids.

Keloids are much larger than the original wound and they’re most commonly found on the chest, shoulders, and cheeks. However, keloids can also affect other body areas.

Don’t be alarmed, there is treatment for keloid scars, including steroid injections, laser treatment, drug treatment, and surgical removal.

A keloid scar is in a way a mutation. In this case it would be about over-growing the tissue causing it to look plumped up. Originally it started as a cut but by the end the scar over grows around the cut causing it to look lumpy.(not contagious but is genetic)

Hector, DaniiMakayla,Vinh

A keloid can sometimes come from piercings that get infected when they aren’t taken care of. The keloid forms around the back of the piercing. As seen in the picture, the keloid is in the back of the ear where the back of the piercing would be.

Keloid Scars

WrinklesWrinkles are a physical condition that shows creases and lines in the skin.Wrinkling is not contagious and it doesn’t affect health. Overtime the cells of our skin divide more slowly and the dermis layer starts to thin out causing our skin to lose its structure. Another way to get wrinkles over time is being exposed to sunlight, causing damage to the outer layer of skin. There is no cure but there is treatment like Botox which reduces wrinkles or creams/lotion.

AllexHo, Johnnathan Mam, Nathan Phanh, Paola Santos

The left side of his face is wrinkled from being a truck driver and having one side of his face exposed to the sun for 30 years.

Over time our dermis loses collagen fibers so we get wrinkles.Fun Fact: Smiling can cause wrinkles

What is Eczema?Eczema is a very dry and scaly skin rash that is not contagious. It turns the skin itchy and red that can appear all over the body that becomes irritant. It is a common type of skin condition that affects the skin’s ability to hold moisture and this causes the skin to flare up into an itchy rash. It is found in families with a history of allergies/asthma. Unfortunately, there is no cure for eczema but it is manageable using prescribed ointments and creams that contains corticosteroids. About 90% of individuals with eczema get it under the age of 5.

This picture shows eczema on the forehead going down under the eyes.

This is picture shows eczema on a baby’s cheeks.

Amber L, Iyonna G, Juan S, Da’Yani R

Alopecia Areata (A.A)What is it and what causes it?

This is an autoimmune disease (your own immune system) attacks your hair follicles thinking your hair is a foreign body) causing your hair to fall out in small patches. This can happen anywhere on the body from the scalp to even your armpits. For most people with A.A, their patches will last from one month to a year, then grows back.

You may have A.A if:• Have sudden hair loss in

patches• Tingling sensation and/ or

mild itching in patched area

• Small pen dents on nails

Is it contagious?

It is not contagious, it is carried through genetics.

Is it curable?

It is not curable but you can treat it with corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Interesting facts:• Approximately 2% of the

world is affected by this.• Men and women equally

get A.A.

WARTS

Symptoms: Small,fleshy,grainy bumps,flesh-colored,white,pink or tan,rough to touch,sprinkled with black pinpoints,which are small,clotted blood vessels.

Warts are cause by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Papillomavirus is a virus that cause different type of warts.

Yes, warts are contagious becuase you can get them by touching some who has warts. Fun fact:there are five type of warts. Children,young adults and people with weak immune systems have a higher risk of getting common warts.

In this picture it’s showing the different type of warts :Planlar, Peniungual, Common, Flat

In this picture it shows how the wart look on the inside .

Jillian, Brittney, Arayah

AcneAcne is a skin condition that takes the form of small bumps. Some symptoms include skin rashes, bumps, boils, red spots, and tenderness. It is caused when the tiny opening for hair pores gets plugged with oil, dead skin, or bacteria. Acne is not contagious. Acne can be cured over time, however it won’t just vanish. Acne will not improve/clear up by washing your face more often.

Vu Nguyen, Alex Hernandez, Alexa Jones

BoilsA boil or skin abscess is a collection of pus that forms in the skin. It is a firm reddened pus-filled bump, with tender swollen skin surrounding it.

Boils usually start as red, tender lumps. People who have ingrown hairs are more likely to get boils. Antibiotics can treat it, hot packs and draining. Most boils resolve on their own or with home remedies. Chronic recurring boils is referred to as Furunculosis and Carbunculosis.

Boils are contagious: they can be spread it through skin-by-skin contact and contaminated objects. Boils can be dangerous typically due to the staph bacteria that causes boils and this bacteria can be spread to objects and other people through physical contact.

You can get boils anywhere on your skin.

Khalida OmariShania CalimeeSa Huahulu

Tinea FungusTinea Fungus (Athlete's foot, Ringworm, Jock itch) is

caused by a type dermatophyte (a fungi that lives on skin, hair, nails and moist areas). Tinea Fungus can be caused by oily skin, or hot climates, and a low immune system.

It is a contagious fungal infection but it can be cured by using antifungal cream. Tinea Fungus causes itching, rashes, blisters, bald spots on scalp, and discoloration of nails.

For males, itching- a symptom of Tinea Fungus, is most common in the groin because of warmth and moisture.

Athlete’s foot : Itchy patches, red rash and marks. burning

Terri T. & Eliza P.

VitiligoBy: Isys, Jo, and Hitesh

What is Vitiligo?Vitiligo is a disease caused by the loss of

pigment producing cells; causes a loss of pigment, making blotches/ patches to appear on the skin. It is usually more noticeable in darker people and can affect the mouth, hair and/or eyes.

Symptoms:Symptoms include loss of skin color, early

whitening or graying of the hair on your scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows or beard (commonly before age of 35), loss of color in the tissue of your mouth or nose, or change in the retina, and even color change around the armpits, navel, genitals & rectum.

How do people get Vitiligo?:Vitiligo is hereditary, but it can also be triggered

by sunburn, stress, or exposure to industrial chemicals, or when the cells that make melanin die or stop functioning properly.

Treatments:The treatments vary from sunscreen, to

ultraviolet radiation. Even though the treatments are able to help the appearance of the affected skin, Vitiligo has no possible cure.

Rachel HilaoVien KhongTony Zhang

Impetigo is a severe skin disease that is highly contagious. The bacterial skin infection forms pus and yellow sores. It can occur on the face, neck, hands, and the diaper area. These are the following conditions: a red spot around the infected area and itching.

This infection can be caused by two different bacteria, streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus.The infection could be treated by antibiotic ointment. If it goes to an extreme level, the doctor will provide antibiotic pills or liquid. The bacteria will fully die after seven to ten days. An interesting fact is that there are two types of infection: bullous and nonbullous. Non-bullous infections are small patches of crusted skin, and bullous are large patches of infected skin filled with fluid.