IntegumentarIntegumentary Systemy System

Created by Tina Weber, 2011

Membrane Type and Membrane Type and FunctionFunction Cutaneous-Cutaneous---skin, --skin,

protectionprotection

Mucous-Mucous---lines body --lines body cavities open to exterior, cavities open to exterior, wetwet to capture pathogens to capture pathogens or aid in movementor aid in movement

Serous-Serous---lines body --lines body cavities closed to exterior, cavities closed to exterior, prevents friction between prevents friction between organsorgans

Synovial-Synovial---line capsules --line capsules surrounding joints, provide surrounding joints, provide smoothsmooth lubricated surface lubricated surface or cushionor cushion

FunctionsFunctions protection against mechanical protection against mechanical

damagedamage keratin toughens cellskeratin toughens cells pressure receptors alert nervous pressure receptors alert nervous

systemsystem bed soresbed sores occur when person not occur when person not

moved and pressure cuts off moved and pressure cuts off blood supplyblood supply

protection against chemical protection against chemical damagedamage impermeable keratinized cellsimpermeable keratinized cells painpain receptors alert nervous receptors alert nervous

systemsystem

protection against bacteriaprotection against bacteria unbroken surface with acidic unbroken surface with acidic

secretionssecretions phagocytes ingest phagocytes ingest

pathogenspathogens clogged glands lead to clogged glands lead to acneacne

protection against UV raysprotection against UV rays melanin (pigment) protects melanin (pigment) protects

cells nucleicells nuclei freckles and moles are freckles and moles are

accumulation of melaninaccumulation of melanin cold sores appear more cold sores appear more

often after often after sunbathingsunbathing

protection against protection against thermal damagethermal damage heat, cold and pain heat, cold and pain

receptors signal nervous receptors signal nervous systemsystem

burns cause cell death burns cause cell death and loss of and loss of fluidsfluids

prevents desiccation---prevents desiccation---drying outdrying out contains waterproofing contains waterproofing

substancessubstances cracks can lead to cracks can lead to

infectioninfection

controls heat loss and controls heat loss and retentionretention loss---sweat glands activated loss---sweat glands activated

and blood sent to skin capillariesand blood sent to skin capillaries retention---stops blood moving retention---stops blood moving

to capillariesto capillaries heat stroke occurs when body is heat stroke occurs when body is

unable to lose unable to lose heatheat helps with excretion of urea helps with excretion of urea

and uric acidand uric acid both are found in sweatboth are found in sweat inability to inability to sweatsweat can lead to can lead to

electrolyte imbalanceelectrolyte imbalance synthesizes vitamin Dsynthesizes vitamin D

cholesterol molecules converted cholesterol molecules converted by sunlightby sunlight

deficiency can lead to deficiency can lead to osteoporosisosteoporosis

Skin LayersSkin Layers Epidermis-Epidermis---outer, --outer,

hard and tough for hard and tough for protectionprotection

Dermis-Dermis---middle, --middle, contains glands, contains glands, follicles, blood follicles, blood vessels, vessels, nervenerve endingsendings

Hypodermis-Hypodermis---layer of --layer of fat that anchors skin fat that anchors skin to organsto organs

Cutaneous GlandsCutaneous Glands release secretions to skin surface via release secretions to skin surface via

ductsducts SebaceousSebaceous (oil) glands (oil) glands

all over skin except palms and all over skin except palms and solessoles secrete sebum---oil and fragmented secrete sebum---oil and fragmented

cells that lubricate skin, cells that lubricate skin, softensoften hair and hair and kill bacteriakill bacteria

most active during most active during adolescenceadolescence

SubdoriferousSubdoriferous (sweat) gland (sweat) gland spread throughout skinspread throughout skin secrete water, salts, vitamin C, urea, secrete water, salts, vitamin C, urea,

lactic acid---lactic acid---sweatsweat pH of 4-6 kills pH of 4-6 kills bacteriabacteria evaporating sweat carries large evaporating sweat carries large

amounts of body amounts of body heatheat away away

HairHair covers entire bodycovers entire body provides head cushion, shields eyes, provides head cushion, shields eyes,

captures pollen and dust entering captures pollen and dust entering nosenose

BURNSBURNS---tissue damage and cell ---tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV death caused by heat, electricity, UV

radiation, or chemicalsradiation, or chemicals First degreeFirst degree

epidermisepidermis damaged damaged red and swollenred and swollen heal in 2-3 days with no treatmentheal in 2-3 days with no treatment

Second degree burnSecond degree burn epidermis and upper dermis damagedepidermis and upper dermis damaged red, painful, red, painful, blistersblisters no scars if prevent infectionno scars if prevent infection

Third degree burnThird degree burn dermisdermis destroyed destroyed gray or blackened, no paingray or blackened, no pain skin grafts cover exposed tissueskin grafts cover exposed tissuehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn9uMVxk8wI&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Rule of NinesRule of Nines measures volume of measures volume of waterwater lost in burn victim lost in burn victim body divided into 11 areasbody divided into 11 areas (9% each)(9% each)

Skin CancerSkin Cancer most common type most common type

in humansin humans causes include uv causes include uv

rays, frequent rays, frequent infection, infection, chemicals, or chemicals, or physical traumaphysical trauma

Basal Cell Basal Cell CarcinomaCarcinoma

least malignant and least malignant and mostmost common common cells can’t form keratincells can’t form keratin lesions occur on lesions occur on sunsun-exposed areas-exposed areas shiny, dome-shaped nodule, central shiny, dome-shaped nodule, central

ulcerulcer lesion removed surgicallylesion removed surgically

Squamous Cell CarcinomaSquamous Cell Carcinoma scalyscaly, reddened papule, shallow , reddened papule, shallow

ulcerulcer found on scalp, ears, hands, lips from found on scalp, ears, hands, lips from

sunsun grows grows rapidlyrapidly into lymph nodes into lymph nodes surgery or radiation therapysurgery or radiation therapy

Malignant Malignant MelanomaMelanoma

deadlydeadly found wherever found wherever

there is pigment there is pigment and in some molesand in some moles

spreading brown or spreading brown or black patchblack patch

spreads rapidly to spreads rapidly to lymph nodes and lymph nodes and blood vesselsblood vessels

50% survival50% survival

ABCD RuleABCD Rule Asymmetry---2 sides don’t Asymmetry---2 sides don’t matchmatch Border Irregularity---indentations along Border Irregularity---indentations along

edgeedge Color---Color---differentdifferent colors present colors present Diameter---larger than pencil Diameter---larger than pencil erasereraser

AgingAging newborn---thin, vessels visible, little newborn---thin, vessels visible, little fatfat adolescence---skin and hair more adolescence---skin and hair more oilyoily, acne, acne 20-30---optimal appearance20-30---optimal appearance 30-60---clogged pores cause 30-60---clogged pores cause pimplespimples, ,

scales and dermatitisscales and dermatitis 60+---subcutaneous tissue decreases, dries 60+---subcutaneous tissue decreases, dries

out, thinner, decreased out, thinner, decreased elasticityelasticity

ReviewReview http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072351136/s

tudent_view0/chapter5/chapter_quiz.html http://www.funtrivia.com/trivia-quiz/SciTech/The-http://www.funtrivia.com/trivia-quiz/SciTech/The-

Integumentary-System-58008.htmlIntegumentary-System-58008.html http://www.lrn.org/Content/Quizzes/Qskin.htmlhttp://www.lrn.org/Content/Quizzes/Qskin.html http://biologyonline.us/Online%20A&P/AP%201/http://biologyonline.us/Online%20A&P/AP%201/

Northland/AP%20Study%20Questions/Northland/AP%20Study%20Questions/Integumentary%20System.htmIntegumentary%20System.htm

http://quizlet.com/1225728/integumentary-system-http://quizlet.com/1225728/integumentary-system-quiz-flash-cards/quiz-flash-cards/

http://www.drstandley.com/http://www.drstandley.com/quiz_integumentary.shtmlquiz_integumentary.shtml

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