I N T EG R AT I O N O F G E N D E R I N TO M C A- N C O M PAC T

T M u f e ti , F K a p e m b e & D Y a t e s

M AY 2 0 1 1

MCA NAMIBIA

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Gender! What is it?

Refers to social roles, responsibilities & relations between men & women

The gender roles of women & men are socially constructed

Gender vs. affirmative action

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Definition

The term gender refers to culturally based expectations of the rolesand behaviours of males and females. The term distinguishes thesocially constructed from the biologically determined aspects of

being male and female. Unlike the biology of sex, gender roles andbehaviours can change historically, sometimes relatively quickly, even

if aspects of these roles originated in the biological differencesbetween the sexes.

Because the religious or cultural traditions thatdefine and justify the distinct roles and expected behaviours of malesand females are strongly cherished and socially enforced, change in

gender systems often is contested. In some countries, there aregroups which seek to impose more stringent divisions between malesand females than currently exist, while feminist movements seek to

reduce or eradicate these divisions.

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Lessons learnt

males and females have unequal rights, resources, and voice in decision making in almost all countries, including the developed countries

the average extent of the gender gap varies from region to region and from country to country

gender disparities tend to be greater in low-income than in higher-income countries

within countries, disparities are greater among the poor than in the well strata of society.

the nature of gender inequalities varies from region to region and country to country, and from community to community within a country.

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Gender inequalities 1

roles and responsibilities or gender based division of labor

Gender based disparities in access and control of resources

Gender biases in rights and entitlements

expectations and identities

have an impact on development, economic growth and poverty reduction ……..

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Gender inequalities 2

• Acts to undermine economic growth

• Reduces the well being of men, women & children

• Contributes to poverty

expectations and identities

Take a note of examples around you or in your community…

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GRN & Gender

GRN – very committed to ensure: gender issues integration into all laws, policies & Programmes

MGECW National Gender Policy – NGP National Gender plan of Action – NGPA

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NGP & NGAP

Prioritise gender balance in power and decision making

Aims at improving women participation in politics and decision making For achieving transparency & accountability in

GRN For new perspective and experiences to political

agenda For social & economical development

Awareness and attitude change

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NGP & NGAP

• Promote & facilitate equal representation of women & men at all levels of the decision making structures at national, regional and community levels

• Build capacity of women in management & leadership positions

• Change negative attitudes towards gender equality

• Increase awareness of negative practices that inhibit women's participation on power sharing at all levels of society

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NGPA – some results

Namibian Women Parliamentary Caucus – 1996 Promote gender sensitive legislations Greater role for women in the Namibia Parliament

50/50 Campaign Gender equality in political representation (Sister

Namibia)

Awareness campaign

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NPD3 Goal indicators, Baseline, Targets

Indicators Baseline %

Targets %

Women in PoliticsParliament 27 50

Local Authorities 45 50

Women in decision making positions in

GRN 33 50

Parastatals 21 50

Private Sector 33 50

Women in informal sector 53 60

Women owning SMEs 38 45

Ration of girls (women) to boys (men) enrolled:

Primary Education 100 100+

Secondary Education 100 100+

Tertiary Education (UNAM & PoN)

100 100+

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MCC and Gender

Since Oct. 2006, MCC has a policy on how gender analysis will be integrated into the Compact development process.

MCC’s Gender Policy based on growing evidence that gender inequality is a constraint to growth and poverty reduction.

Incorporating gender = economic and project effectiveness argument.

Lack of understanding of gender differences can lead to ineffective or biased project design

• roles and responsibilities • access and control of resources

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Gender Policy:Integration of gender into all

stages of development and implementation of Compact.

Requires eligible countries to utilize an analysis of gender differences and inequalities to inform the development, design, implementation, and monitoring of MCC-funded programs.

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MCC and Gender

Gender Integration Throughout the Stages of a Compact• Proposal Development and Program Design: • Due Diligence and Program Refinement• Compact Implementation

MCA-N Responsibilities in Compact Implementation

Ensure that sex-disaggregated data will be analyzed in monitoring performance and results and evaluating impacts.

Where projects have specifically addressed gender differences and inequalities in design, countries will monitor gender indicators

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MCC and Gender

MCC Responsibilities in Compact Implementation

MCC will integrate gender into its oversight and assessment of a country’s performance during implementation

MCC will assess the extent to which Compact programs reflect findings on gender differences and inequalities and meet intended gender outcomes

Some disbursements of MCA funds may be conditioned upon the satisfaction of targets and progress on indicators measuring project performance

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MCA-N Gender sensitive activities

INP

CBRLM

Communal land support

Conservancy support

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MCA-N Gender Approach: Gender integration

Gender Analysis

Gender Mainstreaming Attention to gender equality to become the centre of

all interventions

Gender sensitive indicators Demonstrates changes in roles and relations Assesses the progress towards gender equality

considerations

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Gender Analysis

Understanding of women and men’s roles and relations

Base for developing better targeted development interventions for both women & man needs and constraints

Main requirement

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Examples of Gender Analysis 1

Determine if the project benefits are structured to be accessible by women and vulnerable groups

Study the degree to which activities may inadvertently lead to additional inequitable or “elite capture” of benefits

Assessment of who contributes and who benefits, using appropriate tools. Consider divergent interests between men and women; young and old; more and less powerful

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Examples of Gender Analysis 2

Construction teams and local communities participate in HIV and AIDS prevention, care and treatment programs with attention to drivers of the epidemic.

Identify any specific gender inequality (e.g. property rights, access rights, inheritance rights, etc.) and plan accordingly

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Gender Mainstreaming

Safeguards are needed to ensure that MCA-N investment i) Does not adversely

affect vulnerable groups,

ii) Provides access to training, grants and other benefits that is equitable

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Gender Mainstreaming

Equality under the lawAddressing norms and

behaviors and cultureEqual access to and

control over income and productive resources,

Equal access to education

Autonomy to make life choices, free from fear of violence,

 Equal powers of participation and decision-making.

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What has been and can be done?

Gender training for decision makers – Traditional Authorities; Land Boards;

Making training times and venues more accessible to women

Capacity development for women to fully participate

Considering safety issue

Using female trainers/field workers

•Including areas traditionally of concern to women

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Examples of gender-sensitive indicators are:

Quantitative:•Participation of all stakeholders in project identification, design and implementation meetings (attendance and level of participation/contribution by sex, age, and socio-economic background).

•Degree of rural women and men's inputs into project activities, in terms of labor, tools, money, etc.

•Benefits (e.g. increased employment, land registration etc.) are going to women and men, by socio-economic background and age.

Qualitative:•Degree of participation of women in important decision making

The end25

Questions & Discussion