Integration of Forward Detectors, ZDC, and CASTOR into CMS

Experiments

Kevin ReynoldsMichael Murray, Mentor

David d'Enterria, Co-mentor2006 Michigan REU at CERN

July 28, 2006 REU Status Report II 1

Review of Project GoalsReview of Project Goals

Assist in the integration of forward detectors, ZDC, and CASTOR into CMS experiment

Work on layout of electronics for ZDC and modification of existing CMS HF electronics to produce technical triggers

for CMS global trigger

Assist with beam tests of ZDC and CASTOR and the analysis of the test beam data

July 28, 2006 REU Status Report II 2

Integration of the Zero Degree CalorimeterIntegration of the Zero Degree Calorimeter

ZDC2INTERACTION

POINT

ZDC1

z

The main components for the EM and HAD sections (tungsten, PMTs, fibers, frame, etc.) were shipped on Tuesday and Wednesday to the Previssin site

Installation of parts begins this weekend Readout cables were cut earlier this week

and are being delivered by CERN Beam tests on the ZDC will hopefully begin

late Monday or early Tuesday of next week

July 28, 2006 REU Status Report II 3

Readout Unit (RU)

Unpacks data so that events can be triggered and read

Data Concentrator Card (DCC)

Packs data from events

Hadronic Trigger Region (HTR)

Accepts digital signal

Calculates deposited energy and time of flight

Decides which events to save

Electronic Layout for ZDCElectronic Layout for ZDC

PMT QIE HTR DCC CPURUZDC

Photomultipler Tube (PMT)

Converts photons to electrons via photoelectric effect

Electrons drawn across HV

Cascade of electrons produced from collisions with dynodes

Charge Integrator and Encoder (QIE)

Accepts analog signal (parallel)

Converts analog to digital

Sends out digitized signal through optical fibers (serial)z

July 28, 2006 REU Status Report II 4

As the refraction index of the gas is increases, the emission angle of Cherenkov radiation also increases.

Cherenkov Angle v. Proton Beam Momentum

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Proton Beam Momentum [GeV/c]

Ch

eren

kov

An

gle

[m

rad

] Nitrogen Gas

Carbon Dioxide

Freon 12

Helium Gas

Isobutane

Argon Gas

Index of Refraction

Preparation for Beam TestsPreparation for Beam Tests Gases to be used in the Cherenkov detectors upstream at the H2 CMS

site are N2, CO2, Freon, Helium, and Isobutane. Argon is used in the ZDC wire chambers.

cos θc = vt / v = c / (vn) = 1/ (βn)

Stationary With Respect to Particle

v>vt

n>1θ

v

July 28, 2006 REU Status Report II 5

Physics Trivia: Larger Than Life…

GIVEN…The Eiffel Tower is approximately

324 meters high! (http://www.tour-eiffel.fr)

324 meters ≈ 354 yards

QUESTION

If I grew in proportion to the same height as the Eiffel Tower, how much surface area would be covered by the bottom of my shoe?

My Height: 76 in Shoe Length: 13 in Shoe Width: 4.5 in

ANSWER

My shoe would cover a total area of

1,281 sq. yds.~¼ total area of a football

field!

July 28, 2006 REU Status Report II 6

Acknowledgements

• Ford• NSF• University of Michigan

– Dr. Homer Neal– Dr. Jean Krisch– Jeremy Herr

• Michael Murray, Mentor• David d'Enterria , Co-mentor• Staff at CERN Previssin site

July 28, 2006 REU Status Report II 7