Integration of Earth Observing Systems and the U.S. Geological Survey.
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Transcript of Integration of Earth Observing Systems and the U.S. Geological Survey.
Integration of Earth Observing Integration of Earth Observing Systems and the U.S. Geological Systems and the U.S. Geological SurveySurvey
Integration of environmental Integration of environmental monitoring networks:monitoring networks:
• Comprehensive, multi-dimensional Comprehensive, multi-dimensional study of environmental problems and study of environmental problems and their linkagestheir linkages
• Broader dissemination of monitoring Broader dissemination of monitoring technologiestechnologies
• Greater operational efficiencyGreater operational efficiency
Elements of a “back-bone” Elements of a “back-bone” network:network:
• Consistent core variablesConsistent core variables
• Standard sampling and calibration Standard sampling and calibration protocolsprotocols
• Integrated data management driven by Integrated data management driven by internet distribution and GPS systems internet distribution and GPS systems
Elements of a “back-bone” Elements of a “back-bone” network:network:
• EPA Estuarine ReservesEPA Estuarine Reserves
• NOAA Estuarine Status and Trends NOAA Estuarine Status and Trends networknetwork
• NOAA ocean current and weather NOAA ocean current and weather buoysbuoys
• USGS Streamgaging stationsUSGS Streamgaging stations
Network CostsNetwork Costs•$120M per year$120M per year•About $12,500/gageAbout $12,500/gage Network FundingNetwork Funding
State / Local agencies 35%State / Local agencies 35%USGS Coop program 25%USGS Coop program 25%OFAOFA 18% 18%MixedMixed 15% 15%USGS NSIPUSGS NSIP 7%7%
Gage NetworkGage Network•7,100 gages7,100 gages•85 % real-time85 % real-time
StreamgagingStreamgaging
PartnersPartners Flood-related UsesFlood-related Uses
Corps of EngineersCorps of Engineers
Bureau of ReclamationBureau of Reclamation
Federal Highways Admin.Federal Highways Admin.
Reservoir OperationsReservoir Operations
Engineering DesignEngineering Design
National Weather ServiceNational Weather Service Flood Forecasting and Flood Forecasting and Inundation MappingInundation Mapping
Federal Emergency Federal Emergency Management AgencyManagement Agency
Floodplain mapping,Floodplain mapping,
Evacuation planningEvacuation planning
800 State and local agencies800 State and local agencies All of the aboveAll of the above
Traditional MethodsTraditional Methods
Q=VA Q=VA
Discharge (Q)=Discharge (Q)=Ave Velocity*AreaAve Velocity*Area
Area=Depth*WidthArea=Depth*Width
Measurement Methods Measurement Methods VaryVary
ASP
A
nQ
2
132
1
USGSUSGSStreamStreamGageGage
1997 Flood1997 FloodNew 100-year flood
Old 100-year flood
19001900 20002000
Pea
k F
low
, CF
SP
eak
Flo
w, C
FS
GagesMonitorRiverStage
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
O N D J F M A M J J A S
Flow
, in
CFS
Water.usgs.gov/waterwatch
WaterWatchWaterWatch
• Real-time streamflowReal-time streamflow
• Flood and High flowFlood and High flow
• Monthly Conditions (and historic)Monthly Conditions (and historic)
• Comparison of today and PORComparison of today and POR
• Comparison of 7-Day Average and PORComparison of 7-Day Average and POR
• Below normalBelow normal
• Drought WatchDrought Watch
Modernizing Flow MeasurementModernizing Flow Measurement
HydroAcousticsHydroAcoustics RadarsRadars
HydroAcousticsHydroAcoustics
• Doppler principleDoppler principle• Fast and accurateFast and accurate• Not effective in Not effective in
shallow watershallow water• Used with boats or Used with boats or
tethered from tethered from bridgesbridges
• Can be used as Can be used as side-looking, side-looking, velocity index velocity index metersmeters
Mississippi River at St. LouisMississippi River at St. Louis
Side-Looking Doppler, Index-Velocity Discharge vs Traditional Discharge
RadarsRadars
•Microwave radar for Microwave radar for surface velocity onlysurface velocity only
•Ground-penetrating Ground-penetrating radar for channel arearadar for channel area
•GPR doesn’t work well in GPR doesn’t work well in high conductivity or great high conductivity or great depthdepth
Q=V AQ=V A