Integrating info ops in operational level planning (no backup slides)

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Change has ComeEnsuring Message

Consistency

Some Ideas for the Battle of Ideas

NATO Strategic Communications and Military Information Operations in Comprehensive Operations Planning

by LTC (DEU-A) Ulrich M. JANSSENNATO School Oberammergau, ISTAR Dept.

[email protected]

UNCLASSIFIED13 Apr 2023 1UNCLASSIFIED

mailto:[email protected]

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Outline

Change has come … what change?

Messaging … The Military Way In Comprehensive Approach to

Operations Ensuring Message Consistency

Strategic Communications’ vision Perception Management & Deception Military Information Operations Integration in Comprehensive

Operations Planning Conclusion, Summary & Way

Ahead

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Military Intervention in the Clausewitz’ian

sense

C2W“Military Facts”

Peace Crisis/Conflict War Transition Post War Peace

“War is merely the extension of politics by other

means.”

Center of Gravity: enemy / enemy

capabilities

Politics failed Human AssistanceCivil EngagementReconstruction(Marshall Plan)

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The Problem

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Significant Changes

Cause of conflict and resulting threats

Geographic FocusStrategy, Complexity, and

Tactics, Techniques, ProceduresWe, the Enemy, and other

actorsTechnology & InformationTraining Needs

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Revolution in Technology and Enhanced Connectivity

"The extent, depth, andspeed of the new globalmedia have created anew species of effects...The military must understand, anticipate, andplan for this new dynamic."

(Margaret H. Belknap, 2001)

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The challenge with new dynamics

“(…) there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns -- the ones we don't know we don't know.“ (Donald Rumsfeld, Former US Secretary of Defense)

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Military Intervention in Operations other than War

Center of Gravity: people’s perception

C2W“Military Facts”

Media

Social structures

Political / Civilstructures

Key Players/Actors

Economy

TransportationFinance

Culture

CommunicationGrids

Peace Crisis/Conflict War Transition Post War Peace

People Tradition

ReligionLaw

Emotions

Education

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Key to Success

UNCLASSIFIED

“For to win one hundred

victories in one hundred

battles is not the acme

of skill. To subdue the

enemy without

fighting is the acme of

skill.”Sun Tzu

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…is all about getting out right messages right, listen carefully and learn … understand! What’s a message? What’s a right message? What’s getting them out (and in)

right ?

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Messaging right and understanding

• Exchange of information by any means

• One cannot NOT communicate!

• Translation: Whatever you do, and how you do sends out messages.

• Understanding Perception of your messages.

• Authority• Legitimacy• People’s perception of us

messaging right.

• Right actor (sender / receiver)

• Right time• Right place• Right route / channel of

communication• Right means to

communicate• Right purpose

Analysis(KnowledgeDevelopmen

t)

Pla

nn

ing

Execution

Assessm

en

t ComprehensiveOperations

Planning Cycle

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The Challenge Did you ever try to explain to your

best friend how to play chess on your behalf?

We must replace the delusion of control by reality of influence.

UNCLASSIFIED

Commanders, Planners, Units crash too often.

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The brutal simplicity of

thought Six fundamental principles for

SUCCESs Simplicity Unexpectedness Concreteness Credibility Emotions Stories

Building a better NATO School, not just a bigger one.

Messaging demands

They’ve got the watches, we’ve got the time!We’ve made the difference, you’ve got the choice. Time for change!

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SUCCESs f (getting out right messages right, listen carefully and

learn) f (Ensuring message consistency)

Action speak louder than words. Potentially lethal arguments.

Greater impact on people’s perceptions, attitudes,

behaviour.

Communication by “other” means

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Instruments of PowerStrategic level Lines of

Engagement

PPolitical

CCivil

MMilitary

EEconomic

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The Product powered by the Power of Information

PPolitical

CCivil

MMilitary

EEconomic

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i = 0 1 i = 1 MPEC i > 1 exponentially adding value

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Theory … and the Challenge

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Strategic Communications

Reference Documentation NATO HQ

PO (2009) 0141, NATO Strategic Communications Policy - 29 Sep 09

DSG(2010) 0528 AS1, NATO Military Concept for Strategic Communications – 18 Aug 10

MCM-0076-2011, NATO StratCom Capabilities Implementation Plan (CIP) – 20 Jun 11

Allied Command Operations ACO Directive 95-1, Public Affairs – 23 May 08 ACO Directive 95-2, Strategic Communications -19

Nov 09 ACO Directive 95-3, Social Media - 3 Dec 09

Allied Command Transformation Links to

MC 133 NATO’s Operations Planning Policy ACO Comprehensive Operations Planning Directive

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Definition

The coordinated and appropriate use of NATO communications activities and capabilities• Public Diplomacy, • Public Affairs, • Military Public Affairs, • Information Operations and • Psychological Operations, as appropriate

in support of Alliance policies, operations and activities, and in order to advance NATO’s aims.

PO(2009)0141, dated 29 Sep ‘09

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Aims

A process Linking policy with action. Ensuring Message Consistency

Avoid “Say-Do-Gap” A different way of thinking. Perception Management at its

best!

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Managing Perception

Deception..?

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Influencing / deceiving the perception of information by all senses Sight Sound Smell Taste Touch Multi-channel

Managing Perception

Planned change of people’s P-A-B.


NATO’s Military Approach to Ensuring Message Consistency

in just 1 graph

Mission-specific Strategic Political Guidance on Info ActivitiesStratCom

Plan


J2

J3/J5

J6

PAO

SOF

AIR, LAND, MARITIME COMPONENTS

JOINT TARGETING PSYOPS

MILITARY DECEPTION

JOINT OPSEC

J 9POLITICAL ADVISOR

INFO OPS Staff Element

Analysis / KD

LEGAD

J4J1

JOINT EW

FP

LNO

CULTURAL

ADVISOR

Knowledge

Developers

Information Brokers

Information Analysts

Joint Planners

Effect Managers

Joint Coordinators

Effectors

Joint Enablers

Multipliers

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Human Terrain Assessment

System Status, System Behavior, System Dynamics

24

ComprehensiveOperationsPlanning

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Planning

Analysis(Knowledge

Development)

Analysis(Knowledge

Development)P

lan

nin

gP

lan

nin

g

ExecutionExecution

Assessm

en

tA

ssessm

en

t

Analysis first, action last

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Execution

“Actions designed to affect information and/or information systems, performed by any actor.” MC 457/2 NATO Military Policy on Public

Affairs “We need to worry a

lot less about how to communicate our actions and much more about what our actions communicate.”Admiral Michael G. Mullen

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Military Public Affairs

PoliticalPublic Diplomacy

Public Affairs

PSYOPS

EW

Operation Security

Military Deception

CIMIC

Computer Network

Operations

MilitaryKey Leader

Engagement

Military Information Operations

Other military

activities

Ensuring Message Consistency

Delineation of Responsibilities

EconomicCivil

StratComFramework

Messages (activities) affecting people‘s P-A-B.

PhysicalDestruction

27

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Summary Analysis first … action last!

Understanding the Environment is a MUST! Human Terrain Analysis and Assessment

Planning for effects CoG is people’s perception Target vulnerable relationships Speed up own planning and decision-making

Execution Military communications by all means Synchronization of effects

Assessment Did actors change undesired behaviour? … because of our / military action?

Do right things…Do right things…

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How we look at things

Strategic

Operational

Tactical

Tactical

Theatre / Operational

PoliticalStrategic

How insurgentslook at things

Strategic

Operational

Tactical

Tactical

Political Strategic Theatre

Are we doing right things right?Different Approaches of messaging

MediaOps

NowMediaIdea

Conflicts

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Change has ComeEnsuring Message

Consistency

Some Ideas for the Battle of IdeasNATO Strategic Communications and Military Information

Operations in Comprehensive Operations Planning

by LTC (DEU-A) Ulrich M. JANSSENNATO School Oberammergau, ISTAR Dept.

[email protected]

UNCLASSIFIED

13 Apr 2023 30UNCLASSIFIED

mailto:[email protected]

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More info on Info Ops..?Coming soon

NATO School: The Global Leader in Multinational Education and Individual

Training

NATO Operations Planners’ Info Ops Courses 2-weeks “add-on” to operational planning course NATO SECRET N3-19-C … 10-21 Oct 2011

NATO Senior Officer Info Ops Orientation Course 1-week “key leader seminar” for OF-4 and above Gaining / maintaining Information Superiority Ensuring Message Consistency NATO SECRET N3-16-B … 29 Aug – 2 Sep 2011

Integrating info ops in operational level planning (no backup slides)

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