Integrating CIAT Research in Asia

Eco-Efficient Agriculture for the Poor

Integrating CIAT Research in Asia

… in Asia


• Reinhardt Howeler: CIAT’s contribution to cassava production in Asia

• Overview of activities Cassava Forages and livestock systems Linking farmers to markets New areas Partnerships Issues


Cassava

Production: 16% 54% 30%Trade: 95%


• Continued links between breeding / pre-breeding and the germplasm collection in Cali with breeders in Asia (especially Thailand and China)

• Development of waxy cassava for Thailand with Thai breeders and supported by the Thai Tapioca Development Institute (TTDI)

Cassava breeding for Asia


Cassava production systems

• 50% of the 3.8 million ha grown to cassava in Asia is planted with CIAT-related varieties

• Much higher percentages in some countries:Thailand (98), Cambodia (80), Vietnam (70), China (30), Burma (20), Indonesia (19)

• Adoption of new varieties and improved agronomy has increased average yields by 50% and by even more in some countries


Cassava pest and diseases

Develop a response in terms of:• Immediate quarantine measures• Monitoring pests and diseases• Confirm species• Identify, rear, and

introduce biological control agents

• Initiation of breeding strategies


Eco-Efficiency of production & processing

• Erosion control • Site specific nutrient

recommendations• ISFM

• Waste utilization & management

• Processing


Cassava for higher altitudes

• 750 sexual seeds from crosses from LAC highlands

• March 2009: 6 promising breeding lines being evaluated at 1,300 masl

• Develop “elite genotypes” for testing with farmers

• Impact of Climate Change?


Cassava for Biofuel• IFAD ICRISAT-CIAT

– sweet sorghum – jatropha– cassava (Cali / CLAYUCA / Asia)

• IFAD 4FGF• Breeding/selection for

more efficient conversion to ethanol

• Smallscale processing• Smallholder production

systems & links to processors

• Biogas and CDM


Forage and Livestock Systems

• Legumes for Pigs Project - technology: ↑ growth and ↓ labour- scaling-out: Pig Systems Development Alliance

• Improved Ruminant Production- focus: technologies & systems- stakeholders:

• Grasses for Fish


Legumes for Pigs Project Strategy

Stylo for pigs

• How does it work?• Can it be improved?

Reaching poor

households• Government

extension service • NGOs & projects

Learningalliance

• platform for sharing knowledge + training• linking people and organizations

DevelopmentResearch•Understand the

production systems

•Understand the impactof Stylo 184 (science)

• Improve feeding systems

• Identify other feeding options

•Convince partners of the benefits so they are interested to scale out

•Support scaling out (knowledge, tools, seed)

•Build capacity

•Feedback to research


Districts with direct project activities

Government staff + CIAT

Geographic Reach


Geographical reach through Alliance partners

NGOs, Development Projects &

Government staff + CIAT

Geographic Reach


Households growing Stylo 184 assupplementary feed for pigs, 2006-2008.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

Nu

mb

er

of

farm

ers

NGO

District extension

Number of households growing Stylo for pigsScaled out by (1) NGOs and other development partners(2) directly by district extension services in project target villages


Factors contributing to success1. An entry technology with significant benefits to farmers

– a powerful incentive for working together

2. A common goal, commitment and like-minded professionals

Improving livelihoods of poor smallholder farmers through more efficient and sustainable agriculture and livestock production.

Many shared additional common goals: - providing significant benefits to women and ethnic minorities- use of participatory approaches to work with local communities

3. Respect for each others organisational values, skills, and contributions

4. Recognition of the benefits of joining in an alliance and working together in reaching the goals of their own projects


Challenges

• Different institutional cultures and procedures of partner organisation such asDifferences in remuneration Lack of access to operational funds Disincentives for sharing information Staff turnoverBureaucratic procedures

• Real and important constraints but benefits of participation sufficient to manage these challenges


Ruminant Systems in Central Vietnam

Daklak Province

Ea Kar District

Vietnam


Project focus

Improving household income and building innovation

capacity for cattle development

Developing and integrating forage technologies with

farmers

Improving cattle production through forage-based

feeding systems

2007 – 2009FAP

2000 – 2002FSP

2003 – 2005LLSP

Moving from forages to impacts


Project activities and outcomes

2007 – 2009FAP

2000 – 2002FSP

2003 – 2005LLSP

Evaluation of forage varieties with individual farmers

Developed appropriate forage technologies for cattle

Improving feeding systems with farmer groups Scaling out forage-based feeding systems Improved cattle productivity and income

Moving from simple issues to systems issues

Continued improving feeding systems and scaling out

Changed cattle production system to stall feeding, cross bred cattle, and more market-oriented production


Main stakeholders

Researchers (CIAT, TNU, NIAH) + district extension office + key farmers in 4 villages

All Stakeholders from first stage + district government + commune government+ farmer groups + commune extension workers + district farmer and women’s union

Moving from simple research partnerships to

complex R&D multi-stakeholder relationships

All stakeholders from second stage + additional communes and farmer groups + cattle traders + agricultural banks + other district departments (e.g. policy, planning)

2006 – 2008FAP

2000 – 2002FSP

2003 – 2005LLSP


Adoption of Forages

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Years

Num

ber o

f hou

seho

lds


Changes in cattle population and cattle sales

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Year

Cat

tle p

opul

atio

n

• Cattle population in the District doubled from 2003 to 2005

• Mean increase for the Province only 7%

• Cattle pop. stable from ‘05Number of animals sold: 8000 in 2005 15,000 in 2008


Stakeholder linkages 2002

CIAT & NIAH

District extension

office

Key farmers

TNU



TNU (+CIAT, NIAH)

District extension

office

Farmer groups

District farmer & women’s

union

District government

Commune extension workers

Commune government



TNU (+CIAT, NIAH)

District extension office

Farmer groups

District farmer & women’s union

District government

Commune extension workers

Commune government

Traders

Banks

Other district departments


Linking Farmers to Markets

• Smallscale Agroenterprise Development in the Uplands (SADU):VietnamLaos

• Food, Feed, Fibre, and Fuel for a Greener Future (4FGF):Linking smallholders to agribusiness / processingBenefits to processors: feedstock supply and waste

managementBenefits to smallholders through market engagement

• Inputs to all other projects/programs: Forages, Cassava


SADU Vietnam• Development:

Develop impact-oriented, pro-poor value chain pilots

• Research:Assess processes, outcomes, impacts and lessons

• Development:Mainstream approaches, tools and lessons

95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

Research

Extension

Research

Delivery / Development

New Research

“Proof of concept”

“Proof of delivery”

“Delivery”


SADU Vietnam• Development:

Develop impact-oriented, pro-poor value chain pilots

• Research:Assess processes, outcomes, impacts and lessons

• Development:Mainstream approaches, tools and lessons


SADU VietnamDevelopment of value chain pilots:

Cassava

Cattle

Potato

Persimmon

Chayote

Banana


SADU Vietnam

Value Chain Interventions: Market linkage development Transition to more commercial and competitive

production systems Collective action for market access Development of commercial support services and

input distribution chains Improvements in the design and implementation of

contract farming schemes Market-oriented diversification


SADU Vietnam

• Documentation of approaches, processes, and lessons

• Sharing of lessons• Development of manuals• Training, mentoring, and

advisory services


SADU VietnamEmerging results: More resilient, competitive, and sustainable smallholder

production and marketing systems Direct income benefits to resource-poor and ethnic

minority farming households Marketing extension curriculum developed for:

- National Agricultural and Forestry Extension Centre- College for Managers of Agriculture and Rural

Development- Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

Lessons:- Entry points for intervention- Working with agribusiness for pro-poor innovation- Strategic use of subsidies for scalability and sustainability


SADU Laos

Value chains• current key markets:

livestock - pigs, cattle and buffalo; non-timber forest products – passion-fruit, porsaa (paper mulberry).

• re-entering maize; looking to other key strategic, pro-poor value chains… • exiting some locally focussed chains: poultry, goats, chilli, bananas…

Key achievements• adaptation and publication of CIAT Agro-Enterprise

Development field facilitators guide (IPG)• platform for scaling up, linkages, information and conflict resolution• conditions for supporting development of service providers• Learning Alliance with NGOs – provision of training and mentoring support • Capacity building with national, provincial and district MAF staff


Research areas

• Understanding impacts and equity for different groups within market chains

• Targeting impacts on key beneficiaries through market chain interventions

• Results measurement – additionality, displacement, multipliers

• Further tools to support the’ agro-enterprise development process’, and capacity building

• Mechanisms for engagement with an opportunistic, short-term focussed private sector in Laos

• National government policy support – enabling environments for trade


Small-scale Agro-enterprise Development in the Uplands of the Lao PDR (SADU)

New business models for sustained trading relationships


Rural Households,

Farmer Groups

Cassava Production

LivestockProduction

Small-scaleProcessing(wet starch)

rootsleaves

processing “wastes”

Forages & Food Crops

manure

manure

biogas

Potential markets for wet starch:• dry starch• starch derivatives (maltose, etc)• locally processed foods• ethanol (biofuel)• bioplastics

Food, Feed, Fuel, and Fiberfor a Greener Future (“4FGF”)

• Linking farmers to higher-value agro-industrial markets• Diversifying livelihoods, improving eco-efficiency of smallholder production systems


New Areas of activity / linkages

• Spatial Analysis - DAPA


Spatial Analysis


Climate Change study in the Lao PDR

• GTZ Lao-German Land Policy Development Project

• For whole country &focus on 4 Provinces

• 3 Scenarios• 2020 and 2050• Impacts on land use• Assessment with villagers

- how have things changed- what adaptations approp.


Cassava current Cassava 2020

Suitability change


Partnerships & Linkages

• CGIAR and AROs: Joint projects: ICRISAT & CIP Location in CIAT office:

• ILRI: EcoHealth approaches to Zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases (EcoZEID)

• IWMI: currently – location of 2 Lao-based staffsoon – build extension

Secondments: JIRCAS – hydrologist & economist

• Graduates / students: Fourth round of Zamorano graduates GMMF: 10 awards (Vn: 4, Kh: 2, My: 2, La: 1, Ch: 1) BOKU, German MScs UQ PhD


Partnerships & Linkages (cont.)China• Agreements with CATAS, GSCRI, YAAS, and CAAS• CIAT-CAAS Forum to progress collaboration with China/CAAS,

Beijing 17-21 AugustVisit to partners/potential partners in CAAS institutions Introduction of CAAS and CIAT Beans - Crop Science Institute & YAAS Forages - Institute of Animal Sciences & CATAS Biotech - Biotechnology Research Institute & ? Rice - China National Rice Research Institute & YAAS Cassava – GSCRI-CATAS

India• Cassava: pests and diseases & biofuel• CTCRI, Private Sector, …


Eco-Efficient Agriculture

• “Regions are the integrators”

• Comfortable as it is what we are doing

• Provides a useful checklist for activities – no great change


Communications • Documentation, website, …all pretty poor

Try to get an intern • Interactions between project, programs, regions

Reaching End Users • Part of the Strategic Plan and MTP or not?• The “good” development partners

- Learning alliances, Partnerships, etc. The “less good” development partners- Buy in the technologies / consultants

Some Issues


Visibility of the Regions • Part of the Strategic Plan and MTP or not?

Reaction of donors

Programs “Lost in LAC” or just Lost• DAPA• Linking Farmers to Markets• Cross-cutting projects/activities

Some Issues


Thank you

Integrating CIAT Research in Asia

Technology

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