Integrated Training Program for Upstream Staff
Transcript of Integrated Training Program for Upstream Staff
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Integrated Training Program for Upstream Staff
INTRODUCTION
COMPANY PROFILE: STO is established to support the ever-increasing needs of engineering to be more efficient in the
future challenges. Since its existence, we have successfully delivered a wide range of online consultancy
and individual online courses to various clients at different countries. We aim to provide our customers
with the highest efficient training programs, as well efficient online consultancy against our highly
competitive prices at your favorable time.
Self-Training Organization STO is located in Egypt ( 6z block , 272 St., New Maadi, Cairo).you can
call us at any time on our numbers (+2021120828201/+2021010443910) or E-mail us on
([email protected]), website www.selftrainingsto.net.
Vision STO organization aims to be the best online & onsite training system for development in the middle
east countries .We focus on all technical field engineering problems especially petroleum industry.
Mission We deliver efficient training programs to satisfied clients’ needs. We have an economic price and high-quality
training. Our focus is to develop people regarding the market requirements.
TRAINING INSTRUCTOR / TECHNICAL TEAM: 1- Mohamed Shihataa – Instructor of Petroleum Exploration in Geophysics and Geology
2- Mostafa Haggag - Instructor of Petrophysics & Petroleum Geology
3- Mohamed Farahat – Instructor of Reservoir Modelling
4- Mohamed Raaft – Instructor of Reservoir Modelling & Simulation
5- Ahmed Abdel Razik – Instructor of Reservoir Modelling & Simulation
6- Mohamed Abdel Fattah – Instructor of Reservoir Modelling
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7- Mohamed Hosin – Instructor of Drilling & Production
8- Sameh Derdeiry – Instructor of Chemical & Refining
TRAINING PROGRAM OBJECTIVES The unique technique in this integrated program is to compile all upstream staff (geoscientists and petroleum engineers), as well as all operating companies in the State of Libya. The program consists of twelve courses Designed in a professional sequence to deliver consistent, high quality, learning and development training program to build up competent petroleum professionals in the upstream industry. This Training Contract is six months, 26 weeks including two phases: • Phase one is designed to increase awareness of trainees particularly petroleum engineers and Geoscientists in general science and the applied techniques used in upstream companies. • Phase two is focused to improve knowledge of trainees in different skills to increase their production efficiency and to develop their performances. In addition to this is to improve their soft skills and their communication that enhances their management skills • TRAINING SESSIONS: Our training sessions are precisely planned by our trainers and they are well designed in the manner that gears and maximize our efficiency. We respect your valuable time as well as our, so we consider our goal is to offer the best of our training programs during your favorable time. • Work shop (software) • Training on project • Hand on • Offline courses • Training on job • Discussion • Cases Studies • Exercises • Practical software • Videos /animation
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TRAINING OUTLINE:
1. Phase I: Awareness, duration 3 Months for 13
courses. This phase aims to increase engineers’ awareness and geoscientists
Geo-Science Program 1. Development Geology
Day 1
Introduction & Course Overview, The energy business, development projects, subsurface data
Scope of the energy/oil & gas business
Oil and gas development projects
Film – Partners for Progress
Robin Field Team Exercise 1, project activities planning
Petroleum Geology Introduction, exercise correlation
Day 2
Subsurface Models, Input Data and Concepts
Seismic data gathering, processing and interpretation
Exercises: Robin Field Exercise 2 – Field Appraisal planning
Structural types, traps, fault seals, maps and sections
Robin Field Exercise 3, Correlation
Clastic sedimentary environments
Robin Field Exercise 4, Seismic well data structural map, cross section
Day 3
Measurements and Evaluation of Subsurface Data
Basic well technology, horizontal wells, well data
Log and core data, uncertainties and mapping
Robin Field Exercise 5, net sand mapping
Carbonate reservoirs
Subsurface pressures, with exercise
Pressure exercise, Robin Field Exercise 6, Contacts
Day 4
Subsurface Development Options
Volumetrics, subsurface uncertainties
Robin Field Exercise 7 Volumetrics
Subsurface development planning
Robin Field Exercise 8, static and dynamic models
Field Operations, Well Deisgn, Geological Input
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Day 5
Field Operations and Development Field Operations, Well Design, Geological input
Field studies, examples
Film – Offshore Development – Troll Field (optional)
Robin Field Exercise 9 Surface Development Options, Project Planning, Phased Costs
Impact of Subsurface Uncertainty on Project Economics
Basic project economics and financial performance indicators
Exercises The Robin Field Project 10 EconomicsDetermine project economics and sensitivities using an Excel economics
spreadsheet
2. Prospect Evalation, Risks and Volumetrics
Day 1
Prospect Evalation
Geological controls of oil and gas occurrence: their impact on exploration risk and success
Review of common assessment methods: selection of the most practical approach
Application of volumetric prospect assessments: techniques, comparative data, and graphs to estimate input factors, such
as trap volume, porosity, net/gross saturation, hydrocarbon fill fraction,
Day 2
Resources and Reserves calculations
Introduction
Overview of Resource Classification System in view of SPE PRMS latest guidelines
Deterministic Reserves Estimation Methods
Analogy
Volumetric
Recovery Factors
Day nine of this course will begin with an introduction and a basic overview of Resource Classification System in view
of SPE PRMS latest guidelines. Participants will lstart discussing the traditional reserves estimation methods; analogy
and volumetric methods will be covered in day 8
Day 3 Reserves Estimation and Link to Project Economics Deterministic Reserves Estimation Methods (continued)
Material Balance Analysis
Classical Decline Curve Analysis
Advanced Decline Curve Analysis
Reserves: Link to Project Economics and Valuation
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On this day participants will continue discussing the reserves estimation methods. Material Balance Analysis and
Decline Curve Analysis will be covered in day the participants will also learn how project economics are linked to
reserves
Day 4
Deterministic Field Example Deterministic Analysis on an Example Field
Basics of Descriptive Statistics
On day 11 participants will go through deterministic resource and reserves analysis and estimation on an example field.
Basics of descriptive statististics will also be covered. Day 5
Statistics, Probability, and Uncertainty Basic Probability and Operations with Probabilities
Probability Distributions
Expected value
Probailistic Reserves Estimation
Probabilistic Reserves Estimation (continued)
Monte Carlo Simulation
On this day participants will learn about probability and uncertainty that are associated with reserves. Day four will also
cover the expected value of a reserve and the decision tree.
3. Practical Geostatistics for reservoir eng. And Geoscientists with Petrel Course Contents:
Day-1:
Objectives of construct 3D earth Model- Presentations
Earth Modeling in theory and applications (Background, Responsibilities, & Workflow)- Presentations
Software applications ”Introduction”- User manual - Software interface-
Data import – “Exercises” Data loading of main discipline, Displaying, & Creation’s Curves/Facies/Layering required for
conceptual modeling setting.
Day-2:
Fundamentals of Reservoir characterization’s (Facies barriers, & Hydraulic donations) - Presentations
Software’s application – Seismic interpretation – Mapping – well correlation
Geology’s module (X-sections) & Geophysical module (Time/depth domain surfaces, & faults)
Day-3:
Software- Demo
Fault modeling construction.
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3D empty structural modeling workflow- Structural Framework process, Segmentation/compartmentalization’s, Domain
Conversion, Make zones, & Layering.
Day-4:
Software- Demo
Construction 3D Structural modeling- continued
Geometrical modeling- Cell inside out, Cell angel, QC
Upscale well logs- Discreet & continuous
Geostatistics methods and techniques
Facies Modeling
Petrophysical Modeling
Day-5 :
Continue – Property distribution
Petrophysics -Make Contacts
Vol
4. Application of borehole imaging to Hydrocarbon
Training Course Content Borehole Imaging and Dipmeter; Principles, Processing and Interpretation
Borehole image is one of the most important logging tools because of its high resolution
measurement and the different answer products that can This training will introduce a detailed
explanation about dipmeter analysis and the different types of bore hole images either wireline or
LWD.
During this training the audience will get familiar about borehole image: types, physical principles,
processing parameters, geological interpretation and all types applications.
Introduction about borehole image history and physical principles.
Dipmeter and borehole images fundamentals for both wireline and LWD tools.
Dip computation methods (automatic and manual dip picking techniques).
Practical exercises on dipmeter logs interpretation.
Practical exercises on how to compute dips from borehole image.
Understanding of dynamic & static normalization and generation.
Borehole image feature types i.e. geological, drilling related and artefacts.
Natural fractures identification and classifications.
Dip pattern representation, for both structural and stratigraphic influences.
Sedimentary structures from borehole image, for clastic and non clastic facies.
Practical exercises on image interpretation and dip extractions using software.
5. Core Analysis (Routine and Scal) and Data interpretation. How to use them
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Outlines Day 1
Coring objectives, techniques, types and sizes
Core handling, sample selection and non-destructive characterisation techniques
Conventional core analyses
Storage capacity
Day 2
Permeability and transmissibility
Mineralogy
Saturation determination
Capillarity
Displacement tests and methods
Specialised tests
Day3: Hydraulic Flow units and reservoir quality assessment
Petrophysical rock typing based on microfacies and petrophysical analysis.
Dykstra Parson, R35 and SML techniques
Reservoir quality index, RQI
Flow Zone Index, FZI.
Formation evaluation and ranking using the RQI, FZI, NPI and RPI.
Hydraulic flow unit concept, HFU.
Reservoir zonation based on HFUs. Workshop.
Day 4: Electric Properties and Archie’s parameters Apparent and true electric resistivity.
Formation resistivity factor (FRF).
Factors controlling the electric properties.
Irreducible water saturation (Swirr) and resistivity index (RI).
Determination of Archie’s parameters, a, m and n.
Day 5: Wettability and MICP Tests; Concepts and Applications SCAL tests overview, needs and applications.
Relative permeability measurement and applications.
Wettability Index using Amott, USBM and combination.
Different Mercury Injection Tests (porous plate, centrifuge, and MICP); theory and applications. Reservoir ranking and quality discrimination based on MICP.
- Case studies
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6. Advanced formation Evaluation in Sandstone and Carbonates
Course Outlines: DAY ONE:
THEORTICAL PART Introduction to Geology:
Petroleum System – Elements & Processes.
Basic Concepts.
Fundamentals of well logging:
Well Logging interpretation concepts & Logging Evolution.
Well Logging Setup.
Data types and Integration.
PRACTICAL PART IP history & setup.
Review Interactive Petrophysics database structure.
Load log and core data.
View & customize data in log plot displays.
Display data in crossplots and histograms.
Create regressions of data.
Generate user formulas.
Edit log data; including hand edit, splice and depth shift. DAY TWO:
THEORTICAL PART Mechanical Tools:
Caliper (CAL).
Lithology Tools:
Temperature Log.
Spontaneous potential.
Gamma Ray.
PRACTICAL PART Apply environmental corrections.
Show workflow to normalize data.
Create true vertical depth computations.
Add formation zone tops.
Review zone linking functionality.
Lithology interpretation.
DAY THREE:
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THEORTICAL PART Porosity Tools:
Sonic tools.
Density tools & LDT.
Neutron tools.
Lithological Identification Using (Neutron-Density) Combination.
PRACTICAL PART
Determination of fundamental parameters.
Text curve, picture curve,…..
Temperature Curve.
Shale volume calculations.
Determination of clay minerals using cross plots.
Rw determination using different methods.
Porosity models & calculation methods.
Saturation models & calculation methods.
DAY FOUR:
THEORTICAL PART
Resistivity Tools:
Induction logs.
Laterologs.
Micro logs.
High-Resolution Induction Tools.
Array Induction Tools.
PRACTICAL PART Cut-off and Summation.
Cross plots for Lithology, porosity and oil/water/gas saturation.
Reserve estimation & recoverable Sh calculations.
Quanti.Elan (Mineral solver analysis).
Fuzzy logic.
Neural network. DAY FIVE:
Geometric framework of the reservoir interpretation with different wells examples on softwar
7. Applied Structural Geology in Hydrocarbon Systems Analysis
Basins
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Creation of traps and impacts on reservoirs
Seals (pressure/hydrocarbon)
Drilling/Production
Structural geology basics
Definitions and terminology
Structural families
Motivations for understanding geomechanics
Imaging and depicting structural features
Outcrops, geological maps, satellite images
Wells, subsurface maps and cross sections
Seismic surveys
Practical: Completion of cross section and structure contour map
Basics of seismic imaging
Practical: Seismic interpretation exercise
Rock mechanics and structural geology
Stress, strain, and their relationships
Laboratory testing
Effective stress
Yielding and post-failure behaviours
Textures of deformed rocks and relationship to deformation mechanisms
Practical: estimation of petrophysical properties of deformed rocks
Finite deformations / plasticity theory
Successes and failures of 20th Century rock mechanics
What are the issues? sealing, trapping, flow / shapes, sequences, patterns
Why are rocks deformed?
Where are rocks deformed?
Role of modelling
Physical
Mathematical
Practical: simple stress states
Deformation Environments
Compaction in basins
Diapirs / buoyancy-driven processes
Passive (extending) margins
Contractional (thrust) margins
Transcurrent (wrench) margins
Interior basins
Practical: group identification of geomechanical issues in selected examples
Basin formation and geodynamics
Reservoir depletion
Day 4: Common Structural Elements
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Fault zones
Flexural-slip folding
Fracture processes
Fracture and fault distributions
Fractured reservoirs
Practical: fractured reservoirs interpretation
Fault seal predictions
Practical: fault-seal predictions
Overpressure
Caprock failure
Role of basement and its relationship to the sedimentary cover
Day 5: Practical Approach to Exploration
Roles of deformation in the Hydrocarbon System
Basin scale
Reservoir scale
Localization of deformation
Exploration targets
Typical distributions
Relationship to lithological variations
Spatio-temporal variations of deformation characteristics
Within the Hydrocarbon System context
Structural features on seismic: interpretation pitfalls, rules
Practical: Prospect interpretation
8. Seismic Processing for Interpreters and
Others
Course content
Zero-offset reflection coefficients and reflection coefficients’’ amplitude
dependence with offset
Simple imaging using zero-offset data, with the use of the NMO equation
and Dix interval velocities
Concept of zero-offset migration
Artifacts introduced by migrating incomplete data, including 2D data
Role of velocity in migration
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Kirchhoff and reverse-time, zero-offset migration algorithms
Fourier transform (amplitude and phase), convolution and correlation
Normal moveout correction and stack to convert data to zero offset
Estimation of stacking velocities
NMO and stack’s failures
Kirchhoff before-stack migration
Three imaging conditions and before-stack, wave-equation migrationalgorithms
Anisotropic migration
Velocity analysis for depth migration, including tomography with
attention to salt-related velocity analysis
Full-waveform inversion
Simplistic time migration
Extended imaging condition and migration velocity analysis
Multiple attenuation and role of wide-azimuth acquisition geometry in
multiple attenuation
Dipping multiples
Statics, land and marine
Amplitude corrections
1-D and 2-D filtering, including f-k filtering
Wavelets and deconvolution
Vertical seismic profile as a phase tool
The Fresnel zone
Improving spatial resolution
Improving resolution of depth estimation
Sample processing sequences
Ramifications of processing decisions
Noise
9. VSP
Day 1
Course Pre-test.
Geophysical Principles
The seismic method-seismic response-basic concepts-reflection and refraction-velocity-seismogram -
borehole vs surface seismic-types of borehole seismic.
Sources and Tools
Impulsive Sources (Airguns) - control systems - Non-impulsive sources (Vibros). Borehole seismic
tools, classifications, characteristics - CSI and VSI
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Day 2
Checkshot Sonic Calibration and Well Tie
Velocities - The Sonic Tool - Sonic Scanner - Checkshot Survey - Drift - Sonic Calibration and
Synthetic Seismogram
VSP Processing
Multiples - Processing Sequence - Stacking, Normalization & Filtering - Upgoing and Downgoing
Energy - Deconvolution - Corridor Stack
Day 3
VSP Processing - Anisotropy and AVO
Phase Matching - estimation of Q-Factor - concepts of anisotropy - Thomsen Parameters - AVO
calibration - parameters from walkaway and walkaround VSP - parameters from other sources
VSP Imaging
Offset VSP coverage - Data Processing - NMO/CDP mapping - GRT migration - Walkaway VSP
coverage - VSP in deviated wells - 2D and 3D VSP
Day 4
Survey Design and Modeling
Practical and theoretical modeling concerns - basic modeling - ray tracing modeling
Reservoir, Production, and Drilling Applications
Salt proximity surveys - Aplanatic method - Deeplook CS - Time-Lapse BHS surveys - single well
survey - seismic while drilling (SWD) - Look-ahead VSP - Borehole Microseismic surveys
Day 5
Examples
Exercises
Case Histories
Course post-test
10. Seismic data depth imaging processing
Course content
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Day 1
Building an Initial Model
Methods for building initial models
Preparation of initial velocity model (clipping and smoothing)
Initial model QC
At the end of this session the student will be able to understand an initial depth imaging model from
provided inputs. They will be able to QC the initial model .
Day 2
Isotropic Tomographic Updating (Part 1)
Kirchhoff Depth Migration
Data conditioning for CIP picking process
CIG Picking
CIG Diff
TOMOGRAPHY
At the end of this session the student will be able to understand an isometric tomography sequence.
They
will be able to explain the key components of the tomography.
Day 3
Isotropic Tomographic Updating (Part 2)
RMO QC and RMO QC tool (Volumetric QC and PSI)
Tomographic QC and update (Tomographic QC tool)
Key assumptions and limitations of the tomographic process
At the end of this session the student will be able to QC an isometric tomography sequence. They
will be
able to QC and perform an isotropic tomographic update of an initial model and migrate the updated
model and QC the results.
Day 4
Understanding Anisotropy (Part 1)
Review concept of anisotropy
Anisotropy and symmetry classes
Building a TTI anisotropic depth model
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At the end of this session the student will be able to explain the concept of anisotropy and the impact
of
anisotropy on the depth imaging process.
Day 5
Understanding Anisotropy (Part 2)
Conversion of initial model to anisotropic TTI model
Methods for determining anisotropic property fields
At the end of this session the student will be able to understand and QC an anisotropic TTI depth
imaging
model. They will be able to explain the basic methods used to derive anisotropic property fields and
use
Day 6
Conventional Smoothing Filters in Anisotropic Tomography Round 1 (Part 1)
filters in tomography
Anisotropic tomographic updating
At the end of this session the student will be able to explain the role of smoothing filters in
tomography
and how to QC them. They will be able to execute the anisotropic tomography sequence, CIP pick,
RMO
QC, dip estimation and QC, and derive the tomography equations.
Day 7
Anisotropic Tomography Round 1 (Part 2)
Anisotropic tomographic updating
At the end of this session the student will be able to complete the first round of anisotropic
tomographic
update and QC. They will be able to update the initial TTI anisotropic model, QC results and migrate
the data.
Day 8
Anisotropic Tomography Round 2 (Part 1)
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Understanding migration algorithms
Anisotropic tomographic updating
At the end of this session the student will be able to carry out the second round of the anisotropic
tomography sequence, CIP pick, RMO QC, dip estimation and QC and derivation of tomography
equations. They will be able to explain the merits of the different migration algorithms.
Day 9
Anisotropic Tomography Round 2 (Part 2), Well Section Window
Understanding multi azimuth tomography
Anisotropic tomographic updating
Well Section Window – velocity model and pre-stack data QC
1D anisotropic model calibration
At the end of the session the student will be able to complete the second round anisotropic
tomographic
update, QC it and migrate the data. They will be able to explain the basics of multi azimuth
tomography.
Day 10
Review and Presentation of Final Results
Presentation of final results
In this closing session we will review and present the final results. Students present their own results
and
learn the appropriate process for presenting final results for a depth imaging project.
11. Practical Depth Conversion and Depth Imaging for the Interpreter course
Day 1:
Day 1:
Topic 1: Seismic History, Theory of Elasticity, Seismic Waves, Seismic Wave Propagation, Industrial Seismic Applications.
Seismic Reflections & Seismic Refractions; Fundamentals & Principals Seismic record events (features) Reflected Energy Limitations Interactive demonstration Apparent Velocity & True Velocity Reflections’ Spread Length determination principal Discussions
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Topic 2: Field Parameters
Data Multiple Fold Coverage Miscellaneous Fold Coverage Cases How to Maintain Full Fold Coverage Survey design: Acquisition parameters Obstacles’ Over-shooting/Under-shooting & Blended-shooting Onshore/Offshore Exercises
Day 2:
Topic 3: Well Operations
VSP, Vertical Seismic Profiling VSI, Vertical Seismic Imager Case History Walk-Away Walk-Away Design and offsets Synthetic Seismogram Miscellaneous Cases
Topic 4: Vibroseis Technique
Vibroseis Theory, Correlation Vibroseis Similarity test analysis, Quality Control; Miscellaneous examples Vibroseis Quality Control; Miscellaneous examples
Topic 5: Field Operations
Onshore seismic services, Land seismic crew Seismic Program, Seismic equipment, Equipment maintenance and Rotation Personal field equipment. How to QC? How to accept or reject? The clues Recording Equipment Audit. Source energy test. Field parameters and procedures. What to decide? Discussions
Day 3: Topic 6: Field Procedures’ Management
Prevent any environment impacts; maintain zero footprint and Zero Accidents Report Achieve to accomplish the project with zero accidents Consider installations and facilities Maintain firm liaising with the client. Ensure proper reporting to Client. Maintain close contacts and firm relations with relevant authorities to ensure safe and successful operations.. Maintain logic principles during all sorts of communications; be optimistic. Maintain high management levels considering cost/time/quality/risk factors affecting the project. Achieves to accomplish the project with zero accidents Insure that the obtained seismic information has a value Time-share operations. Case History Reporting; Daily, Monthly and Final. Discussions
Day 4:
Topic 7: Seismic Data Preliminary Field Processing Sampling Static Corrections NMO and Dynamic Corrections DMO Seismic Data Migration
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PSTM PSDM Fresnel Zone Vertical and Horizontal Resolution Migration aperture
Topic 8: HSE regulations HSE: Health, Safety and Environment regulations Meet the demands of seismic operations
Topic 9: Offshore OBC - OBN Seismic Data Acquisition Energy sources – properties of air-guns Wave-field receivers – properties of hydrophones Planning of OBC 2D and 3D offshore surveys, Positioning System Characteristics of dual-sensors and their combined effect Oceanic Nodes, OBN Types and advantages, Multi Component Multi Azimuth, Wide Azimuth, Broad Band, High Resolution, Reservoir Characterization, P-Wave, P-S Wave. Vital safety precautions, maintain coordination with all diving operations in the vicinity, vessel welding or vessel repair
jobs prior to run data acquisition. Comprehend the program’s priorities and Standby cases. Communicate with related authorities.
Topic 10: Miscellaneous field case histories
Answering free questions and finalizing the course. It is highly recommended to accompany your personal laptop to run the demonstration files, to run the exercise files and
to copy some other files
12. Seismic Interpretation
Course Outline:
Day 1:
What we need to success interpretations
Basic geophysical Background
Introduction for 2D &3D processing-acquisation
Exercise
Building project Data base
QC seismic data and well data
Data loading
Day 2
Well seismic tie
Synthetic seismogram theory
Integration well logs with seismic section
Problems of well tie
Exercise using software
Well seismic tie
check shot sonic integration
Day 3
Horizons and faults interpretations
Theory pf Gridding and mapping (contour)
Seismic attributes for structure interpretations
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Exercises horizons slices
Exercise:
Practical session OF Horizon picking and Fault picking
Day 4
Theory of Time depth conversion
How to generate different workflow for depth conversion
velocity modeling
Exercise:
Practical session of Depth conversion
Practical session of mapping and contouring
Day 5
Seismic Attributes
Spectral Attributes Relative Acoustic Impedance Supervised Classification Exercise
Spectral Decomposition – Reservoir Thickness Estimate and Spectral Attributes Exercise
13. D Seismic Attributes for Prospect Identification (Petrel, open detect software,Paleoscan )
Day 1
Review Of Seismic Structural And Stratigraphic Interpretation
Introduction for Seismic Attributes
Complex trace, horizon, and formation attributes Mathimatical Meaning Of Seismic Attributes
Physical Meaning Of Seismic Attributes
Seismic Attribute Application Trends
Seismic Attribute Methodology
Exercises
Window attributes application, surface attributes application to detect faults and geobodies.
Day 2
Data Preconditioning for seismic attributes analysis
Image enhancement for fault extraction.
Impact of acquisition and processing on seismic attributes
Complex Trace.
Instantaneous attributes.
Exercise
Physical attributes for geobodies detection.
Practical exercises compare between physical attributes for geobodies detections.
Application of Physical attributes for Stratigraphic interpretation.
Day 3
Spectral Decomposition
RGB Spectral Decomposition algorithms
DHI attributes
Geometric attributes
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Gulf Of Mexico FIELD (software application )
Software application case studies thin channel detection using SD attributes
Software application case study DHI detection
Application of RGB to detect geobodies
Day4
Attribute expression of tectonic deformation
Attribute expression of clastic depositional environments
Application of geometric structure detections
Gulf Of Mexico FIELD (software application )
Software application case studies faults detection using attributes
Day5
Attribute expression of carbonate deposition environments
Seismic chronostratigraphy
Direct and indirect estimates of fractures and horizontal stress
Case Study North Sea Field (software application )
Seismic sequence stratigraphic workflow using attributes
Geometric attributes workflow for faults detection
Day6
Attribute expression of carbonate deposition environments
Anti-tracking and new faults attributes
Hybrid attributes new generation of seismic attributes
Attribute expression of shallow stratigraphy and drilling hazards
Day 7
Case Study North Sea Field (software application )
anti tracking and faults attributes
Software application case study channel detection using different geometric attributes
Application geometry attributes for sequences stratigraphic
Day 8
Acoustic impedance attributes interpretation n
Artificial intelligent and machine learning
Seismic Attribute Analysis using Geostatistical Methods
Exercise post stack inversion using software
Day 9
3-D multiattribute display and visualization
New auto faulting interpretation using new faults attributes
Geobodies extraction methods from seismic attributes
Calibration attributes with wells logs
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Interactive multiattribute analysis
Day 10
Case Study North Sea Field (software application )
Application case studies using multiattributes to detect geobodies and faults.
Multi-Attributes For Enhancing Gas Chimney Image
Fault Image Enhancement
Day11
Introduction · What is AI why we need it?
· Applications of AI in petroleum exploration
· Historical of AI in petroleum
· Mathematical & physical meaning of AI
· Software application in AI
· Summery
Day 12
Applications of AI in Geophysics
• Unsupervised Learning (K-means Mixture, ModelsKohonen Self-Organizing Map
AI applications in Faults & Geobody interpretations
Facies classification from seismic
Multi attributes application using AI
Workshop for facies classification
Workshop for geobody extraction
Summery
Exercises
Excercises
Exercises
AI applications in Petroleum exploration
Summery
14. SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY: CONCEPTS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR
PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION (welllogs, core , seismic)
Phase I Geological sequence stratigraphic Day 1
[Document title]
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• Welcoming speech and course presentation
• Stratigraphy concept according to the international code of Stratigraphy
• including litho.- and biostratigraphy.
• Recent developments in the Geological Time Scale
• Sequence stratigraphy and its role in petroleum exploration
Day 2
• Sedimentary environments and their determination from logging
• stratigraphy,
• facies types and
• chemostratigraphy
• Tectonostratigraphy
• Case study and application
Day 3
• Basin Molding
• Relative Sea-level, tectonics, and eustasy
• Application
Day 4
Field trip to the western side of the Gulf of Suez
Departure from Cairo early in the morning, 7:30 am, by field cars via Maadi –
Ain Sukna road, reaching first stop at Khashm el Galala nearly at 9:30 am,
surface and subsurface geology of the area from Sukhna to Zafarana through
selected stops as follow.
Stops:
Khaskm El-Galala (Jurassic)
Carboniferous and Permo-Triassic rocks and their unconformities.
Aptian-Alpian Malha Formation near the type locality and determine the
Kaolin deposited directly below the sequence boundary
Effects of the tectonically Syrain Arc System on the lateral facies changes
between the two Galala Plateaus.
Day 5
• Stratigraphic correlation, which helps geologists solve real-world
• problems in the exploration for and production of resources.
• Regional and global comparisons to distinguish tectonic events from the
• eustatic signatures in regional and global schemes.
• Case study and discussionDay 5
• Performing sequence analysis on core in different siliciclastics environment
• Identification if key sequence stratigraphic surfaces in core.
• Case study using core for sequence stratigraphic analysis.
[Document title]
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• Introduction to sequence biostratigraphy.
Phase II seismic sequence stratigraphic using software (opendtect,
paleoscan) Day 6
• Seismic sequence analysis: recognition and meaning of reflection terminations such as onlap, offlap,
toplap etc.
• Seismic facies analysis and how reflection configurations can be used to interpret environments of
deposition, risk of reservoir presence and quality, and net/gross.
Comparison between seismic stratigraphy and stratigraphic interpretation
• Sequence and Seismic Stratigraphy
• Seismic stratigraphic Types
• concept of seismic sequence stratigraphic
• seismic patterns
Day 7
Exercise using software
• Seismic Geomorphology: Differences between seismic time slices, horizon and stratal slices.
• The workflow for interpretation, range of seismic attributes in 2D and 3D stratigraphic features using
seismic attributes
Day 8
Training on project using software
• New workflow for detectiion sequence stratigraphic from seismic data
• Applied workflow to extract geobodies feature from 2d and 3D data
• Generation stacked horizons for different sequences Sarfuces
• Integration DHI and seismic sequences statigraphic
Day 9
• Practical sequence stratigraphic workflow Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI)
• Geomorphology and Stratal Slicing for different environments
• Chronostratigraphy& wheeler Diagram
• Automatic Generating a seismic Wheeler diagram
Day 10
• Spectral Decomposition to detect thin channel
• RGT history
• Software supplication for generation RGT
[Document title]
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• Geobody extractions
15. Reservoir characterization using seismic inversion, AVO and Rock physics Petrel -
HampsonRussell
Course Outline:
Day 1:
What we need to success interpretations
Basic geophysical Background
Introduction for 2D &3D processing-acquisation
Exercise
Building project Data base
QC seismic data and well data
Data loading
Day 2
Well seismic tie
Synthetic seismogram theory
Integration well logs with seismic section
Problems of well tie
Exercise using software
Well seismic tie
check shot sonic integration
Day 3
Horizons and faults interpretations
Theory pf Gridding and mapping (contour)
Seismic attributes for structure interpretations
Exercises horizons slices
Exercise:
Practical session OF Horizon picking and Fault picking
Day 4
Theory of Time depth conversion
How to generate different workflow for depth conversion
velocity modeling
Exercise:
Practical session of Depth conversion
Practical session of mapping and contouring
Day 5
Seismic Attributes
[Document title]
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Spectral Attributes Relative Acoustic Impedance Supervised Classification Exercise
Spectral Decomposition – Reservoir Thickness Estimate and Spectral Attributes Exercise
Reservoir Modelling
16. Integrated 3D reservoir Modelling
Day-1:
Objectives of construct 3D earth Model- Presentations
Earth Modeling in theory and applications (Background, Responsibilities, & Workflow)- Presentations
Software applications ”Introduction”- User manual - Software interface-
Data import – “Exercises” Data loading of main discipline, Displaying, & Creation’s Curves/Facies/Layering required for
conceptual modeling setting.
Day-2:
Fundamentals of Reservoir characterization’s (Facies barriers, & Hydraulic donations) - Presentations
Software’s application – Seismic interpretation – Mapping – well correlation
Geology’s module (X-sections) & Geophysical module (Time/depth domain surfaces, & faults)
Day-3:
Software- Demo
Fault modeling construction.
3D empty structural modeling workflow- Structural Framework process, Segmentation/compartmentalization’s, Domain
Conversion, Make zones, & Layering.
Day-4:
Software- Demo
Construction 3D Structural modeling- continued
Geometrical modeling- Cell inside out, Cell angel, QC
Upscale well logs- Discreet & continuous
Geostatistics methods and techniques
Facies Modeling
Petrophysical Modeling
Day-5 :
Continue – Property distribution
Petrophysics -Make Contacts
Volumetric calculations
17. Petrel structural Modelling Day 1
What is Structural Modeling?
Structural Modeling in E&P Workflow
Challenges
Types of structural modeling
Surface-based modeling
Volume-based modeling (VBM)
Advantages of VBM
Prerequisites for VBM
[Document title]
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Case studies
Workflow
Extensional Structure
Compressional Structure
Stratigraphy
Prepare your fault input data:
Cut the fault sticks at reservoir level
Organize faults in folder by areas
Re-name faults with short names
Day 2
Structural framework
The Concept of Volume Based Modeling
Generate the Fault framework
Fault framework while interpreting
Boundary definition and Horizon modeling
Horizon filtering attribute
Refine and create zone model
Troubleshooting
Depospace
Structural gridding
Day 3
Corner Point Gridding
Data preparation
Modeling of main faults
Adjust workflow to quality of input
Use automated conversion whenever possible
Use manual conversion when low quality input
Use simple pillar geometry initially (linear)
Day 4
Corner Point Gridding
Pillar gridding
Make horizons
Connect faults by areas
Use auto-connection only on small simple models!
Review modeled faults against:
Fault sticks inputs
Horizon inputs (Gridded surfaces, seismic interpretations)
Day 5
Corner Point Gridding
Truncations
Reverse faults
Tools for model optimization
All software used in this course are available with the instructor.
[Document title]
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18. Petrel fractural Modelling
Out lines
Fracture theory
Point well data and Image log import and display
Create tadpoles and rose diagrams
Stereonets; dip/azimuth/filters/fracture sets
Generation of fracture intensity logs and cumulative logs
Fracture density maps
Upscaling of well logs and 3D modeling of intensity
Building stochastic Fracture models
Fracture attribute generation
Upscaling fracture properties
Use of multiple fracture drivers
Introduction to earth modeling.
Objectives of construct 3D earth model
Earth modeling in theory and application (Background, Responsibilities, & Workflow)
Fundamentals of Reservoir characterization’s (Structure / Strata point of view)
Fracture description
Fracture behavior
Fracture detection
Fracture Characterization
Data entry and requirement’s- Fracture attribute data-.
Initial Data analysis – Intensity fracture log-.
Modeling Fracture Parameters - DFN model construction
Upscaling logs – 3D grid “Simulation” & QC”.
Fracture reservoir modeling
19. Rock typing
COURSE CONTENT
OVERVIEW ON ELECTROFACIES ANALYSIS & ROCK-TYPING
Non-supervised approach and supervised approach for electrofacies analysis.
Preliminary quality control of logs with hands-on.
Integration of core description.
From electrofacies to rock-types with hands-on.
NON-SUPERVISED ANALYSIS
Probabilistic and neural network approaches.
Hands-on non-supervised electrofacies analysis.
Key points in non-supervised analysis.
[Document title]
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SUPERVISED ANALYSIS
Hands-on supervised analysis with probabilistic approach.
Key points and pitfalls in supervised analysis.
Electrofacies analysis workflow.
Hands-on integration of electrofacies in sequence stratigraphy analysis.
ROCK-TYPES DETERMINATION
Porosity and permeability modeling (hands-on).
Rock quality index (RQI, FZI, etc.).
Rock-typing with petrophysical data and capillary pressure curves: hands-on.
Workflow for electrofacies to rock-type assignments.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of the course, participants will be able to:
identify electrofacies from logs,
identify log signatures and facies association,
define rock-types with petrophysical data (logs and laboratory data),
define Petrofacies from various relationships like Reservoir Quality Index, Winland R35 for net pay determination and other
poro-perm transforms.
20. Create Reservoir Mode
Why Reservoir Modeling?
Reservoir Modeling Workflow
Model Purpose
Case study
Practical Session
Petrel Basics
Petrel Interface
Saving Petrel Project
Project Set up
Data Preparation
Import Data
Visualize Data
What is Structural Modeling?
Structural Modeling in E&P Workflow
Challenges
Types of structural modeling
Surface-based modeling
Volume-based modeling (VBM)
Advantages of VBM
Prerequisites for VBM
Case study
Workflow
Extensional Structure
Compressional Structure
Stratigraphy
Practical Session 2
[Document title]
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Structural Modeling
Methods for constructing a 3D Grid
Rock Modeling
Model Concept
Structural and Stratigraphic Framework
Model Elements
Determinism and Probability
Practical Session 3
Velocity model
Depth conversion
What is Geostatistics?
Why Geostatistics?
Key Geostatistical Concepts
Variance
Correlation Coefficients
Variograms
Variograms and Anisotropy
Algorithm Choice and Control
Object modelling
Pixel-based methods
Texture-based methods
Property Modeling
What is Property modeling?
Geometrical Modeling
Upscale Well logs
Facies Modeling
Petrophysical Modeling
Practical Session 4
Upscaling
Data Analysis
Property Modeling
Volume Calculations
QC Model
Practical Session 5
Volume Calculations
QC Model
Best output results
21. Update the Reservoir Model by adding new wells
Course Content: Petrel introduction
Construct simple grid
QC the static model
[Document title]
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Making Fluid Contacts
Creating Fluid models
Creating Saturation and Rock function
Volumetric Calculation
Creating Aquifer model
Preparing Well design, and completion design
Constructing History Development Strategies
Constructing simulation case
History match analysis
Prediction Development Strategies
Results viewing
Build and execute a simulation model
Analyze results through post-processing
Transferring from Eclipse to PETREL
2. Phase II: Knowledge, duration 3 Months for 13
courses This phase aim to increase knowledge of engineers and geoscientists.
Reservoir Engineers 22. Principles of Reservoir Eng.
Course content
Reservoir fluid properties
Coring practices and reservoir rock properties
Fundamentals of fluid flow
Reservoir fluid distribution
Reservoir classification
Reservoir drive mechanisms
Oil and gas well performance, including inflow and outflow concepts
Pressure buildup analysis
Oil displacement concepts
Estimation of oil-in-place and gas-in-place
Recovery techniques
23. Field Development Plan (FDP)
Day 1
FDP Overview
Reservoir Management Concepts and Processes
Integrated Reservoir Study - People and Skills
[Document title]
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Essentials of Robust FDP
Field Development Options
Project Stakeholders
Risk Management Process
Risk Register
Field Development Planning Template
On the first day, participants will learn the phases of a reservoir life cycle, the reservoir management process and concepts,
team structure in integrated reservoir studies. Essentials of robust FDP will also be discussed. The day will end with a
discussion on the Field Development Planning Template.
Day 2
Reservoir Model – Static
Integrated Field Planning: Key Elements
Structural Framework
Facies Modeling - Depositional Systems
Property Modeling – Petrophysics
Property Modeling – Geophysics
Elements of Static Model Building
Day two of this course will focus on the Static Reservoir Model. Participants will learn about the key elements of an integrated
field planning. Elementys of Static Model Building will also be discussed.
Day 3
Reservoir Model – Dynamic
Dynamic Model – Upscaling
Dynamic Model – Initialization
Dynamic Model – Building
Dynamic Model – Calibrating
Predicting Performance
Example Development Scenarios
Day three will focus on the Dynamic Reservoir Modeling. Specifically, on this day, participants will learn how predicting
performance by dynamic model helps robust filed development planning.
Day 4
Facilities, Economics and Optimization
Surface Facilities
Development Plan Optimization
Project Ranking
Expected Value and Value of Perfect Information
On day four, participants will learn the importance of surface facilities in field development planning. Economical analysis and
optimization of development scenarios, project ranking will also be discussed. The ay will end with learning the expected
value and value of perfect information.
Day 5
Development Examples – New Field , Mature Field, Waterflood
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Field Development at Different Stages of Reservoir Life Cycle
Appraisal
Developing
Producing
Monitoring Production
Phases of Production
IOR/EOR
FDP Examples
New Filed
Mature Field
Waterflooding
The last day of the course will continue with the review of Field Development Plan concepts. Participants will also learn about
the reservoir appraisal and development planning. The day will end with generic examples of field developments.
24. Reservoir Geomechanics (Petrel) Agenda
Audience
Day 1
Fundamentals of reservoir geomechanics
Value of full-field geomechanics in the petroleum industry
Review of geomechanics concepts and how these are applied in the petroleum industry; understand the concepts of stress,
strain, effective stress, principals stresses, elasticity , plasticity and failure
Geomechanics property modeling; use of wireline derived rock mechanical properties together with seismic attributes and
geostatistical methods for 3D property modeling
Experimental rock mechanics for reservoir geomechanics studies; Review of standard rock mechanics testing and introduction
to laboratory measurements specific to reservoir geomechanics applications; understanding of test results and ability to analyze
and evaluate laboratory reports
Day 2
Reservoir geomechanics processes and introduction to PetrelRG
Understand the mechanics of depletion, stress transfer between reservoir and surrounding formations, theory and compaction
and subsidence, importance of stress path, thermal effect, impact of faults and fractures; Understand the importance and stress
initialization to model in-situ stress state
Introduction to reservoir Geomechanics modeling with PetrelRG
Building reservoir geomechanics grids, design geomechanics materials and perform property modeling and property population
Day 3
Geomechanical property modeling and stress initialization with PetrelRG
Case study: geomechanics property modeling using seismic inversion as input
Discontinuities (faults and fractures) in reservoir geomechanics models
Apply initial pressure, temperature and saturation to reservoir geomechanics models, define boundary conditions and perform
stress initialization
Day 4
Coupled reservoir Geomechanics simulation with PetrelRG
Case study: practical aspects of in-situ stress calibration
Define and submit simulation cases with coupled reservoir simulator
Perform 1-way and 2-way coupled simulations
[Document title]
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Basic ECLIPSE knowledge important for coupled reservoir geomechanics modeling and introduction to history matching
assisted by 2-way reservoir geomechanics modeling
Day 5
Reservoir geomechanics model results analysis with PetrelRG
Results analysis; import coupled simulator results to PetrelRG; stress charting and results QC
Application of reservoir geomechanics to reservoir management; utilization of reservoir geomechanics models to examine cap-
rock integrity and casing deformation in depleting reservoirs
Post processing case studies – application of reservoir geomechanics model results to common reservoir management tasks; 3D
wellbore stability planning, hydraulic fracture design, geomechanics-driven permeability updating
25. Characterization, Evaluation and Enhanced Oil Recovery in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs .
Course Outlines Reservoir life cycle and recovery process
Life under primary recovery phase: recovery targets and ways to improve
Life under secondary recovery phases: immiscible gas injection, water flooding, recovery targets, ways to improve
Life under enhanced oil recovery phase: increasing complexity, cost/benefit consideration
Miscible methods: selection criteria, recovery targets and why they are seldom met, design considerations, case studies
Chemical methods: selection criteria, recovery targets and why they are seldom met, design considerations, case studies
Thermal methods: selection criteria, recovery targets and why they are seldom met, design considerations, case studies
Technical challenges: current and future R & D directions, facilities modifications and personnel training
Drilling Engineers
26. Drilling Operationals Day 1
HPHT History and Challenges and the Geological Settings
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Defining the HPHT Environment
HPHT Challenges and associated Standards and Practices
Geology in the HPHT Environment
HPHT Reservoirs
On the first day we will set the HPHT environment by looking back at the history of drilling these deep hot wells. The
class will be presented with the challenges associated with the HPHT environment and look at what standards and
regulations apply to these HPHT wells. This is followed by a more detailed introduction of the geological aspects of the
HPHT wells. Pressure ramps, increased temperatures and the various issues associated with HPHT geology will be
presented. Next participants will look at the overburden, pore pressures, fracture pressures and temperatures
associated with HPHT as this explains the critical differences between HPHT and normal drilling operations.
Day 2
Well Design
Casing Design and Tubular Selection
Shoe Placement
Annular Pressure build up and Thermal De-rating
Casing Wear, H2S and CO2 Effects
Cementing Challenges and Practices
The second day we look at the well design aspects of HPHT wells. Trajectories, together with casing design and the
associated issues in these high temperature environments will be addressed. Annular pressure buildup as well as
temperature effects on the tubulars will be presented. Candidates will then presented with the sour gas effects in
HPHT environments and then we look at the challenges and solutions when cementing HPHT wells.
Day 3
Fluids and Well Control
Drilling Fluid Aspects
Gas Solubility
Elastomers
Well Control, Ballooning, Wellbore Breathing
Gas Expansion
Well Control Procedures
On day three, participants will be introduced to the fluids and gasses encountered in HPHT wells. The aspects of
drilling fluids and reservoir fluids are addressed and issues such as temperature stability, gas solubility,
compressibility, elastomer ratings and operations aspects of drilling fluids will be covered. Once the fluids are
understood we move onto the well control aspects, where we look at gas expansion, ballooning, losses, well control
procedures and cover some of the operational aspects such as tripping, stripping and making connections.
Day 4
Rig Surface Equipment and Drilling Operations
Surface Equipment for HPHT
Downhole Equipment Challenges
Managed Pressure Drilling
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Finger Printing and Drilling Practices
Contingency Planning
Well Control Emergencies
During the fourth day participants will take a closer look at all of the surface and down hole equipment that is being
used in HPHT drilling operations. We will see why rig equipment as well as downhole equipment needs to be
reviewed, inspected and selected based on the specific well requirements. We then look at the drilling practices and
drilling technologies that are being used in HPHT wells, this includes Managed Pressure Drilling. The class then
moves on to contingency planning and well control emergencies and this will introduce the candidates to aspects of
emergencies and the various well control issues that can be encountered whilst drilling HPHT wells.
Day 5
Completions and Well Testing
HPHT Completions
Design Considerations
Component Selection and Specifications
Tubing Leak Contingencies
HPHT Well testing
Operational Testing Considerations
Well testing Safety
The final day will be spent looking at completion and well testing issues for HPHT wells. Participants will discuss what
needs to be addressed for completion and testing operations and the safety aspects associated with production of
HPHT wells. The class will finish with some examples of challenges that have been encountered when producing
HPHT wells.
27. Directional Drilling and Surveying
Day 1
Directional Drilling Fundamentals and Terminology
Fundamentals, applications, and limitations
Terminology, well objectives, and target issues
[Document title]
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Well planning: positioning and coordinate systems
Day one will focus on directional drilling fundamentals and terminology. Participants will learn about the fundamentals,
applications, and limitations of directional drilling. The day will continue with a discussion over terminology, well
objectives, and target issues. A discussion on well planning will close out the day, paying special attention to
positioning and coordinating systems.
Day 2
Surveying and Advanced Well Planning
Survey calculation methods
Anti-collision and well planning
Surveying tools
MWD, LWD and mudlogging
Participants will learn about surveying and advanced well planning on the second day. Survey calculation methods,
anti-collision and advanced well planning, and surveying tools will all be covered on this day. The day will end with
participants learning about the uses of MWD, LWD and mudlogging in directional drilling.
Day 3
Downhole Equipment
Drilling tools and deflection methods
Drilling motors overview
BHA design
Rotary steerable systems
Downhole equipment will be the focus of day three. Participants will learn about the different drilling tools and
deflection methods. Drilling motors and bit overview will be covered as well. The day will end with participants
learning about BHA design and rotary steerable systems.
Day 4
Well Planning and Path Design
Directional well path design
Horizontal well planning and calculations
Horizontal drilling planning
Drill string design
Torque, drag, shocks and vibrations
Day four will cover well planning and path design. On this day participants will get a chance to learn about directional
well path design and horizontal well planning. Drillstring design and important aspects of drillstring operation in
directional and high angle wellbores is explored. Torque and drag complications in directional wells are explained.
Day 5
Hole Cleaning and Wellbore Stability
Hole cleaning
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Well bore stability
Introduction to multilateral wells
Geosteering
Directional drilling problems and solutions
The last day of the course will teach participants about hole cleaning and wellbore stability. Participants will also be
given an introduction to multilateral drilling. Geosteering and direction drilling problems and solutions will be
discussed. The day will conclude with an exploration of some of the most common problems encountered in
directional drilling and a summary of the material that has been covered over the five day course.
28. Mud and Casing Design
Day 1
Steel, Manufacturing, API, and ISO
Material and mechanical properties of steel
API and ISO ratings and formulas
Tubular testing
Oil country tubular goods manufacturing
Day one of this course will begin with discussions of material and mechanical properties of steel, along with stress-strain and
deformation that will lay the ground work for an understanding of the limitations of published tubular ratings. Participants will get
a chance to learn about API and ISO rating and tubular strength formulas. Specific API and ISO topics that will be covered
include API yield stress, Barlow Equation for tubular internal yield, casing thread leak resistance, collapse formulas, and
tension. The day will end with participants learning about tubular manufacturing and testing.
Day 2
Connections, Sulfide Stress Cracking, and Corrosion Resistant Material Selection
API and proprietary connections
API thread leak resistance
Sour service considerations
Corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) selection
Tubular connections and sour service conditions will be the focus of day two. Specific topics of API thread forms, marking and
make-up considerations will be discussed in detail. Proprietary thread types will also be discussed and students will get an
opportunity to learn about the advantages and benefits of different thread form styles. Hydrogen sulfide stress cracking mechanism
will be explored. Corrosion, its effect on tubulars and guidelines for selection of appropriate materials for casing under different
corrosive conditions will be explained.
Day 3
Triaxial Stress and Setting Depth Determination
Design principals and factors
Load concepts
Triaxial stress
Casing wear
Setting depth determination
On day three, the spreadsheet will be completed with formulas for calculating triaxial stress of various load states which casing
may be exposed. Design factors and comparison between uni-axial and triaxial stress will be evaluated. Buckling of tubulars will
be discussed, which will help as participants learn about effects of temperature change on tubulars. Casing wear mechanisms and
some suggestions for management and design for effects of wear will be presented. Casing setting depth needed for well control
integrity will finish the day.
Day 4
[Document title]
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Service Life, Load Cases, and Storage
Load cases
Base case
Procurement
Inspection
Running procedures
Service life models and load cases will be the focus of day four. Load cases, such as axial, burst, and collapse will be explained
and load estimates for different situations will be evaluated. Base case determination from which load changes are evaluated will
be covered. Participants will learn about the planning, specifications, and quality assurance of procurement. The day will end
with a discussion over inspection types, marking, and suggestions on running practices.
Day 5
Tubular Design Software and Comprehensive Casing Design
Tubular design software
Final comprehensive casing design project
The last day of this course participants will learn about tubular design software and some of the ways which it can be used in well
planning and casing design. The day will end with the participants breaking into teams and working on a final comprehensive
casing design project
29. Dynamic Pressure Drilling (DPD) Day 1
DPD Overview and Application Drivers
Introduction and expectations
DPD overview
DPD application drivers
Participants will be given an overview of the large variety of DPD technologies, the IADC risk classification of these technologies
in order to put them into some kind of perspective, and a brief history lesson on how these technologies have emerged, especially
in the last decade. To understand why these technologies have developed it is important to understand the application drivers for
the implementation of these technologies; this can range from a simple desire to increase ROP to the more complex and
challenging reservoir characterization in real time while drilling.
Day 2
DPD Techniques and Fluids
DPD Techniques
DPD Fluid selection
DPD Gas selection
Specialty single phase fluids
Two phase flow
The various DPD techniques will be examined one by one, going over the methodology, current status, and advantages &
disadvantages of each technology and where they should be applied. DPD Pressure Drilling reduces the necessity for heavier
fluids and opens up opportunities to use lighter fluids and some novel fluid options will be discussed. For Underbalanced Drilling,
it is often necessary to use injected gas to lighten the fluid, therefore the various gases that can be used and the ways of injecting
them into the well bore will be covered along with two-phase flow physics and modelling.
Day 3
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DPD Equipment
Rotating Control Devices
MPD equipment
UBD equipment
Day three will focus on the equipment used in DPD operations. Starting with the Rotating Control Device, which is at the heart of
holding pressure in the wellbore while drilling, then moving onto the various pieces of surface equipment that are used in both
managed pressure and underbalanced drilling. Equipment covered will include chokes, separators, flow meters, nitrogen
generation, flare lines and ancillary equipment. Participants will gain familiarity with the equipment, learn how the equipment
works and the selection criteria for equipment in different applications. Various equipment layouts for different applications will
also be covered including onshore, offshore and deep water.
Day 4
DPD Design and Control
MPD Design & Control
UBD Design & Control
PMCD Design & Control
DPD Tripping & Completion
The fourth day will be all about the design and control of DPD operations. Of the upmost importance is well control and
participants will learn about the differences between the primary barriers in conventional drilling versus DPD operations. The
design of various DPD operations (MPD, UBD & PMCD) will be discussed, with the concept of the ‘Anchor Point’ in MPD
operations covered in detail. Drilling with DPD techniques is often considered the ‘easy’ part, while tripping, running casing and
cementing require the most thought and attention. The attendees will learn about the various methods to trip in and out of the well
while staying in the drilling pressure window, as well as how to successfully cement and/or complete the well following a DPD
operation.
Day 5
DPD Project Implementation
DPD candidate selection
DPD project management and HSE
Final Exam
The last day will build on the knowledge gained from the previous days and will look at how to select the appropriate candidates
for DPD operations. Contra-indicators for using DPD techniques will be discussed. The overall implementation and management
of a typical DPD project will be examined with the emphasis on ensuring that the project is delivered safely through training and
appropriate use of barriers
30. Well Control Interactive Study Tools
- Provide students with over 600 pages of pre-course study
materials at wildwell.com
Provide students with study guide that covers up to 150 interactive
well control questions and answers.
Provide students with a 50 question test to determine their well
control knowledge gaps.
Preliminary Items
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Safety: escape routes, muster points, etc.
Discussion of special needs
Introductions
Class paperwork
DRILLING:
Serious Well Control Problem From the Wild Well Library
Students form teams
Team discussion of the potential well control problem
Simulator exercise demonstrating the well control challenge
Return to class to discuss the challenge
Well Control Course Objectives
- Formations, pore pressure, fracture gradients
Killsheet, kick detection, flow checks, well shut-in,
and gas behavior
Well control methods
Well control equipment (barriers, BOPs, manifolds, accumulator, etc.)
- Completing the well and post-completion activity
- Final well control simulation: from kick to kill, with a complication
- Assessments: skills and written
Formations, Pore Pressure, Fracture Gradient
Formation structure
Porosity
Permeability
Fracture gradients, kick tolerance, pore pressures
Related formulas/math (hydrostatic pressure, the U tube,
force, MAASP, etc.)
Equivalent mud weight
Kick tolerance
Pore pressure vs. fracture gradient (drilling margin/window)
Simulator exercise demonstrating a FIT; discussion of LOT
(if needed, depending upon class knowledge level)
Discuss casing and cementing program
Discuss drilling fluids program
Barriers
Philosophy and operation of barrier systems
Number of barriers for safe operation
Testing barriers
Shallow Gas, Water Flows and Tophole Drilling
Definitions and causes of pressure in tophole formations
Causes of underbalance tophole
Diverting practices
Tophole drilling practices and causes of kicks
Abnormal Pressure Warning Signs
Abnormal pressure
Shaker evidence
Changes in mud properties
Changes in drilling data/parameters
Killsheet, Kick Detection, Flow Checks,
Well Shut-in, and Gas Behavior
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- Related formulas/math (capacities/volumes,
strokes, circulation times, etc.)
Causes of kicks
Kick signs
Overt kick signs
Pre-kick signs
Flow-check procedures
Shut-in procedures
Hard shut-in
Soft shut-in
Shut-in challenges
Paper killsheet with preliminary well data
Well data, volume calculations
Discuss the importance of a killsheet
Simulator exercises demonstrating hard and soft shut-in
Kick detection and shut-in
Students complete killsheet with simulator well data
(or instructor-given data)
Discussion of killsheet calculations:
What do they mean? (if needed) Discussion of
IADC WellSharp rounding rules
Gas behavior
While drilling
In horizontal wells
While shut-in
Well Control Methods
- Review of related formulas/math (capacities/volumes,
strokes, circulation times, kill mud, MAASP, ICP, FCP, etc.)
- Wait and Weight Method
■ Discussion of Wait and Weight
– Techniques
– Skills (pump startup, step-down chart, gauge use,
lag time, etc.)
Production Engineers 31. Introduction to Well Complitions and Well Interventions
Course Outlines Reservoir -Integrated Production System
Well Completion Methods
Classification of Reservoir Based on the Fluids in the Reservoir
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Completions Effects
Flow in Pipes
Choke Performance
Systems Analysis
Tubing Design
Completion String Design
Completion Equipment
Casing and Casing Suspension
Wellheads
Tubing Selection
Tubing Connection
Packers
Wellsite Operation
Subsea Completions
Present Systems
Subsea Applications
Flow Assurance (Paraffin and Asphaltene)
Requirement Designs and Types
Subsea Controls Systems
Flowline Connections
ROVs
Well testing overview
Introduction to Well Testing and Interpretation
Well Testing Procedures and Hardware
Examples of Typical Flow regimes
Well Test Objectives
Reservoir Description
Reservoir responses
Well Test Types
Completion Test
Drill Stem Test
Surface Equipment
Downhole Tools
32. Intelligent Completions Day 1
Introduction to Intelligent Completions
Typical Applications
Downhole Sensors and Fibre Optic
Day 2
Downhole tools
Passive versus Active Control
New Technology (Smaller, compact systems)
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Day 3
Gathering information and data on multi-zone existing wells (geological, drilling, reservoir, production and completion data) and
existing problems and limitations.
Day 4
Selection of fields candidates to implementation of IC. Summary of benefits and limitations. Draft of proposed completions.
Day 5
Presentation to Management and discussion.
33. Oil Field Water Management
Course Outlines I. Introduction
Definition of Waterflooding Processes
Historical Background
Initial Test
II. Review of Determination of Oil in Place
Determination of Primary Recovery
Material Balance Calculation
Solution Gas Drive Reservoirs
Water Drive Reservoirs
Gas Cap Reservoirs
Combination Drive reservoirs
Volumetric Methods
Solution Gas Drive
Gas Cap Drive
Water Drive Reservoir
Decline Curve- Determination of Primary Recovery
Empirical Methods for Estimating Primary recovery
III. Microscopic Efficiency of Immiscible Displacements
Principles governing Fluid and Rock Interactions
Wettability
Capillarry Pressure
Methods of Inferring Fluid Distribution in Porous Media
Interpretation of Capillary Pressure data.
Principle of Multiflow in porous media
Relative Permebilities for Drainage and Imbibition Processes
Validity of Darcy’s Law for Multiple flow
Exercises and Examples
Problems to be solve using Computer application by the students.
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IV. Assessing the Prospect for Water Injection
Standard rules to select a Prospect for Water Injection:
Oil Saturation
Water Saturation at the start of the project
Relative Permeability curves: Favorable or unfavorable
Permeability Stratification, type Porosity
Natural Fractures in the reservoir
Initial Gas saturation
Mobility ratio and Oil Viscosity
Water Supply, treatment and cost
Available Wells Conditions
Formation Depth
Structural Relief
Water Compatibility and future problems with Scales
Clay Swelling
Primary Recovery Mechanism
Reservoir Data Available
Additional cost for Drilling and Recondition wells
Economic Evaluation of prospects for water injection
V. Flood Pattern and Coverage
The Basic Flooding Networks
Injection Beyond Breakthrough and effect of Mobility ratios
The five-spot well Network
Pilot Flood
Directional Permeabilities
Natural and induced Fractures
Problem and Solutions
VI. Inmiscible Fluid Disp. Mechanisms
The Fractional Flow Equation
The Rate of Advance Equation
Stabilized Zone Concept
Practical Use of Frontal Displacement
Application of Frontal Displacements
Problems and Solutions.
VII. Predicting the Water Injection Performance
The Frontal Advance Method- The linear system
Performance before Breakthrough
Performance after breakthrough
Condition for the formation of Oil Bank
Waterflooding Calculations: Viscous Fingering Method
Stratified Reservoir- Stiles Method
Dystra-Parson Method
Waterflooding Performance Calculation
Calculation Methods
Use of Computer Software for Waterflooding Calculations
Vertical Displacements and Areal Model / Theory
Problems on Areal Model to be solved using Computers by students
VIII. Pressure Analysis In Injection Wells
Pressure Fall-off Analysis, Liquid filled reservoirs
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Variable Rate Test
Hall Plots Application and Analysis for Injection well performance
Water Injection Profiling:
Radioactive Surveys
Temperature Profiling
Prediction Injection Rates in Injection Well (Injectivity Index)
Case Study Discussion
IX. Water Injection Operations
Waterflooding Injection Well Management Control
Oil Production at the kick, Peak and breakthrough
Water Treatment Efficiency
Potential for Scaling Problems in the water Injection System
X. Chemical Water Analysis Pattern and Water Selection, Water treatment for Injection
Selection of Water Sources
Estimation of Water requirements
Source Water Quality
Analyzing compatibility of the Water
Chemical Water Analyze Patterns
Water Treatment for Injection System
XI. Nitrogen/Co2 Injection As Tertiary Recovery After Water Injection Has Finished Or Alternating Wag (Water Alternating
Gas)
Advantage of Nitrogen AND CO2 Injection Gas
Performance before Gas Breakthrough and After
Predicting Nitrogen/CO2 Injection Oil recovery
Laboratory results and discussions
Who Should Attend
Production, Reservoir Engineers and theirs Supervisors, Chemical Engineers associated with refineries and water handling
34. Formation Damage
Course Outlines Mineralogical description & rock properties.
Possible causes of formation damage
Formation damage during drilling / Completion operations
Formation damage evaluation
Damage removal by Stimulation (Acidizing / Fracturing)
Stimulation overview
Matrix acidizing design / evaluation
Real case histories and exercises on damage quantification