INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN INTEGRATED RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT: FROM MANAGEMENT: FROM THEORY TO PRAXISTHEORY TO PRAXIS

B.P.F. BragaB.P.F. BragaDirectorDirector

Agência Nacional de ÁguasAgência Nacional de Águas

Regional Workshop and Capacity Building Training Course for the Regional Workshop and Capacity Building Training Course for the Americas – Water, Environment and Society: An integrated Americas – Water, Environment and Society: An integrated

approachapproachSao Carlos - Aug 8, 2007Sao Carlos - Aug 8, 2007

IAP – IANAS IAP – IANAS

IWRMA process which promotes the coordinated development and

management of water, land and related resources in order to

maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable

manner without compromising the sustainability of vital

ecosystems (GWP, 2000)

TRANSLATION

• Water resources planning and management should consider multiple water uses in a river basin

• Multiple objectives (economic, social and environmental – vital ecosystems)

• Coordination with other sectors and levels of government (national planning, regional planning)

• Involvement of stakeholders in an open decision-making process (equity issues)

Federative Republic

8.5 million Km2

187 million inhabitants

26 States

01 Federal District

5,564 Municipalities (*)

5 Geopolitical Regions

- North

- NE

- SE

- Midwest

- South

(*) IBGE, 2007

BRAZILBRAZIL

FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONFEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAmended in 1988Amended in 1988

““Art. 20. Goods of the Union: ..........Art. 20. Goods of the Union: ..........

III – lakes, rivers and any water stream in the III – lakes, rivers and any water stream in the federal territory or shared by one or more states, federal territory or shared by one or more states, serving as border with another country... serving as border with another country...

““Art 21. Union shall : ...Art 21. Union shall : ...

XIX – institute a national water resources XIX – institute a national water resources management system and define criteria for management system and define criteria for issuing water rights”issuing water rights”

FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONFEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAmended in 1988Amended in 1988

““Art. 20. Goods of the Union: ..........Art. 20. Goods of the Union: ..........

III – lakes, rivers and any water stream in the III – lakes, rivers and any water stream in the federal territory or shared by one or more states, federal territory or shared by one or more states, serving as border with another country... serving as border with another country...

““Art 21. Union shall : ...Art 21. Union shall : ...

XIX – institute a national water resources XIX – institute a national water resources management system and define criteria for management system and define criteria for issuing water rights”issuing water rights”

S1 S2 S3

JURISDICTION

1. Water in rivers R4 and R2 and reservoir D2 are FEDERAL;2. Water in rivers R1 and R3 are STATE;3. If reservoir D1 was built with financial resources of the Union, its waters are FEDERAL otherwise their waters are STATE

PERMITS

1. Permits P2 and P6, are issued by STATE;2. Permits P3, P4 and P5, issued by UNION;

R1

R2

R3

R4

P1

P2

P3

P4

P5

P6

D1

D2

3. Permit P1 is issued by UNION if reservoir built with f.r. of the Union

Water Jurisdiction

States riversUnion rivers

Federal Constitution of Federal Constitution of 19881988

North: water resources concentrated in theNorth: water resources concentrated in the Amazon BasinAmazon Basin68 %68 % 45%45% 7%7%

Northeast: poorest and driest Northeast: poorest and driest 3%3% 18% 18% 29%29%

South-Southeast: urban and industrial South-Southeast: urban and industrial pollutionpollution

13%13% 18% 18% 58%58%

Mid West: the new agricultural frontierMid West: the new agricultural frontier16%16% 19% 6%

Brazil

US$ 112 billion needed to achieve

MDG

23% Water Supply77% Wastewater

ANA

AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE ÁGUAS

Water Yield Water Yield kmkm33

ESCALA

Brazil:Brazil:5,660 km5,660 km3 3 (12%)(12%)

Brazil +Brazil + Neighbor Countries:Neighbor Countries:

8,427 km8,427 km33 (18%) (18%)

World:World:44,000 km44,000 km33

DEMAND / SUPPLY

Demanda/Disponibilidade hídrica

< 5% Excelente

5 - 10% Confortável

10 - 20% Preocupante

20 - 40% Crítica

> 40% Muito crítica

Região hidrográfica

WATER USE

Urbano11% Industrial

7%Rural2%

Animal11%

Irrigação69%

BRAZIL – Intense Urbanization Process

POPULATION IN 2008: 187 Million

URBAN AREAS: 151 Million RURAL AREAS: 36 Million

SOURCE: IBGE - Census 2000

POPULATION IN 1950: 52 Million

URBAN AREAS: 19 Million RURAL AREAS : 33 Million

Service Coverage

DOMESTICDOMESTIC

WATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLY

• 90 % Urban Areas

• 18 % Rural Areas

• 78 % Brazil

Service CoverageService Coverage

SEWAGE SEWAGE COLLECTIONCOLLECTION

• 56 % Urban Areas

• 3 % Rural Areas

• 47 % Brazil

Service CoverageService Coverage

SEWAGE SEWAGE TREATMENTTREATMENT

Approximately 20% of collected sewage is treated

HydropowerHydropower

75% of total electric 75% of total electric energy generationenergy generation

Installed capacity of Installed capacity of 75,000 MW75,000 MW

50% of installed 50% of installed capacity in Southeast capacity in Southeast region region

Annual demand Annual demand Increase of 15% until Increase of 15% until year 2010year 2010

SouthPotential: 42,030 MWDeveloped: 47.8%

Southeast/Mid-westPotential: 78,716 MWDeveloped: 41.0%

NorthPotential: 111,396 MWDeveloped: 8.9%

NortheastPotential : 26,268 MW

Developed: 40.4%

BrazilHydropower potential

260 GWUtilized: 28.2%

Hydro costs:25 to 45 US$/MWh

Legend

Load Centers

River Basins

HYDROELECTRICITYPOTENTIAL AND DEVELOPED

IrrigationIrrigation Largest water user (69%)Largest water user (69%)

Irrigation potential Irrigation potential estimated at 29 million estimated at 29 million hectareshectares

Total irrigated area of Total irrigated area of 3 million hectares - 3 million hectares - 5.8% of total cultivated 5.8% of total cultivated areaarea

94% of irrigated area 94% of irrigated area developed by the private developed by the private sector sector

NavigationNavigation

1,230 km 1,230 km Navigable reachesNavigable reaches

1212 Terminals (mono, bi, tri-Terminals (mono, bi, tri-modal)modal)

2323 Development polesDevelopment poles

1717 Tourist polesTourist poles

1212 Logistic Distribution NodesLogistic Distribution Nodes

US$ 2biUS$ 2bi Invested (50% private)Invested (50% private)