Architects & Architectural Drawings

Integrated Project of Introduction To Drawing,

Introduction To Construction Industry and

English 1

Members

• Teoh Jun Xiang (L)• Yee Jyh Lin• Tang Ying Jien• Quah Keng Yew• Ow Xun Cong• Bryan Teh Qing Da

Tutors

1. Introduction To Drawing• Miss Noorul Iffa

2. Introduction To Construction Industry

• Ms. Ann See Peng

3. English 1• Ms. Thivilojana

Scope of work handled by architects

Scope of work handled by architects

1) Taking client's instructions and preparation of design brief

2) Site evaluation and analysis of development on environment

• Lay foundation to an eco-friendly design

Scope of work handled by architects

3) Design and site development

a) First draft: 1/500 – 1/200 scale.

• The architects generate 2-3 preliminary designs from the information acquired from site evaluation.

• Meetings are conducted with clients to determine overall design strategy

Scope of work handled by architects

b) Structural design Deliver a design which

incorporates :

Elevators, escalators etc Sanitary, plumbing etc Heating, ventilation and other

systems

Scope of work handled by architects

4) Client validationo Scale: 1/100 – 1/50

• The architecture firm will work with the client to refine the original design

• The architecture firm will also work closely with the general contractor

• Other professions also brought into process

Scope of work handled by architects

5) Process permit documents

• The permit documents are used to submit, coordinate, and obtain the building permit from the city or council.

• The drawings are refined in regards to details and methods.

Scope of work handled by architects

6) Execution • Plans are sent back and forth to the contractors and

engineers for review

• Most of the materials are specifiedo Detailed 1/50, 1/20 and 1/10 scale plans

Scope of work handled by architects

7) Construction

• Conduct periodic inspections and evaluations on the construction

Responsibilities and tasks at different stage of

construction

Before construction

Consult with the owner

Communicate with project

team

Attend meetings

Research design criteriaReport

progress to owner

Submit a schedule (date

for start and completion of construction)

Submits drawings and

specification to owner

During construction

Administration

• Owner’s representative

Site visit

• Observing progress of work

Investigation

• Site conditions that are different

Communication

• Inform progress• Report deviations and defects

Inspection

• Determine dates of completion• Whether work conforms with contract document

After Construction

The architect’s work continues until after the building work.

Part of the payment due to the builder – the retention – is held back for up to twelve months and is only paid out on the architect’s instruction, after any defects have been rectified by the contractor.

The architect’s opinion on compliance with planning and building regulations is subject to work and is not being changed during construction.

Authority and limitations of architects

The architect’s authority might be actual, implied or apparent during construction.

Rejecting contractor’s work if work does not conform to the contract documents is a common authority granted to architects by contract.

An architect often makes several site visits in order to become familiar with the progress of the work.

Stages and examples of drawings & Types and functions of drawings

1) Initial discussion and information gathering

• Show a portfolio of past projects • Discuss goals, needs and requirements • Visit the site and review the existing conditions• Take as-built measurements and create plans

Architect’s portfolio

Types of drawings

Sketch drawings or freehand drawings

Drawn using a free hand by holding a pen or pencil

To initiate and freely work through ideas

Types of drawings

As-built drawings

2) Schematic design

• First phase in the design of a project

• Prepares schematic diagrams after detailed discussions with client

3) Design development

• The project development phase

• The project’s composition, dimensions, attributes and/or specifications are determined

Types of drawings

Site Plans

Describes the location and orientation of a building complex on a plot of land

Provides information of the site’s topography, landscaping utilities and site work.

Types of drawings

Orthographic projections

• Consists of plans, sections and elevations• To illustrate three-dimensional objects in a

two-dimensional drawing

Materials shown on elevations

Plan symbols

Reflected ceiling plan

Shows the items that are located on the ceiling of a room or space

Roof plan

Show the basic shape of the roof of a building

Types of drawings

Presentation drawings and renderings

• Drawings that are usually rendered• Proposal for clients approval• Means for others to study structure’s appearance

4) Construction drawings

• Drawings, plans, specifications and others associated with a construction project

Types of drawings

Working drawings• Final drawn instructions which the builder will use

on site to convert the design ideas into a real building

• Detailed, specific and accurate

Assembly Drawings Component Drawings

5) Bidding documents

• The offering of particular prices to suit both the client and the contractor

6) Construction administration

• The architect will oversee the fulfillment of responsibilities of all parties to the contract for construction

• Site visits

• The architect will keep the client updated about the progress

References

Author Unknown. (2007). Defining the Architect’s Basic Services. The AIA, 15, 1-2.

Build LLC. (2008, September 23). The Process of Architecture [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://blog.buildllc.com/2008/09/the-process-of-architecture/

Career Option: Architect. (2015, February 5). Retrieved March 3, 2015, from Digi Careers website: https://digicareers.wordpress.com/2015/02/05/career-option-architect/

Ching, F. D. K. (2009). Architectural Graphics. New Jersey: John Willey & Sons, Inc.

Cellier, I. (2009). How to sell architects – Part 2 – Architect’s workflow [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.polantis.com/blog/2009/10/06/how-to-sell-to-architects-part-2-architects-workflow/

Charles Levin Architects. Schematic Design Phase. Retrieved March 3 2015 from Charles Levin Architects’ website: http://www.charleslevinarchitects.com/whatwedo/schematicdesign/schematicdesign.html

References

Chicago Architecture Foundation. (unknown date). DISCOVER DESIGN- A Student Design Experience. Retrieved March 3 2015 from Chicago Architecture Foundation’s website: http://discoverdesign.org/design/process

De Biasse & Seminara Architects. (Date unknown). Retrieved March 3, 2015, from De Biasse & Seminara Architects’ website: http://dbsem.com/the-five-phases-of-the-architectural-design-process/

George. A. M. (2007). Architectural Process. Retrieved March 3 2015 from Michael A. George Architect’s website: http://www.seattlearchitects.com/realestate.html

Grau III, P. A., Muller, E. J., Fausett, J. G. (2010). Architectural Drawing & Light Construction. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Isometric Projection. (Date Unknown). Retrieved March 3 2015 from http://www3.ul.ie/~rynnet/keanea/isometri.htm

Makstutis, G. (2010). Architecture – An Introduction. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd

References

Perspective Drawing - Linear and Aerial Perspective. (Date Unknown). Retrieved March 3 2015 from http://www.artyfactory.com/perspective_drawing/perspective_index.html

Phases of Design & Construction. (Date Unknown). Retrieved March 9 2015 from http://hamden.com/filestorage/43/79/Stages_of_Construction.pdf

Pilot Builders. (Date Unknown). Design - Build Process. Retrieved March 3 2015 from http://www.pilotbuilders.com/design.php

Types of drawings for building design. (2015). Retrieved March 3 2015 from http://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Types_of_drawings_for_building_design

Pilot Builders. (Date Unknown). Design - Build Process. Retrieved March 3 2015 from http://www.pilotbuilders.com/design.php