INTEGRATED PLANT INTEGRATED PLANT NUTRITION SYSTEMNUTRITION SYSTEM

(IPNS)(IPNS)

ANIL SHARMAGENERAL MANAGER MARKETING

NATIONAL FERTILIZERS LIMITED

Agricultural Growth (%)

5.7

3.2

1.3

4.7

2.1 2.3

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0G

row

th (

%)

6th

pla

n(8

0-85

)

7th

pla

n(8

5-90

)

An

nu

al(9

0-92

)

8th

pla

n(9

2-97

)

9th

pla

n(9

7-02

)

10th

pla

n(0

2-07

)

Fertilizer Consumption

Year

Consumption

N P2O5 K2O Total

‘000 tonnes Kg/ha

1950-51 55.0 8.8 6.0 69.8 0.49

1955-56 107.5 13.0 10.3 130.8 0.89

1965-66 574.8 132.5 77.3 784.6 9.40

1975-76 2148.6 466.8 278.3 2893.7 16.89

1985-86 5660.8 2005.2 808.1 8474.1 47.48

1995-96 9822.8 2897.5 1155.8 13876.2 74.02

2005-06 12723.3 5203.7 2413.3 20340.3 106.69

2006-7(P) 13774.1 5543.3 2334.8 21652.2 113.4

Fertilizer Imports

Year Urea DAP MOP1990-91 - 2.2(51) 2.1

1995-96 3.8(21) 1.5(29) 2.4

1990-00 0.5(3) 3.3(48) 3.0

2000-01 - 0.9(15) 2.6

2005-06 2.1(7) 2.4(36) 4.6

2006-07 4.7(19) 2.9(40) 3.4

2007-08* 7.0 3.0** 3.5

(million tonnes)

*=Estimated, **=Includes MAP, ( )= %age of total consumption

Increasing Fertilizer SubsidyYear Total subsidy

(Rs billion)

1992-93 61.36

1995-96 67.35

1998-99 113.87

2000-01 138.00

2003-04 118.47

2004-05 158.79

2005-06 184.60

2006-07 259.52

2007-08 305.01

2008-09(estimated) 1150

Declining Crop Response Period Kg food grains per kg

nutrients(NPK)

5th Plan(1974-79) 15.0

8th Plan(1992-79) 7.5

9th Plan(1997-02) 7.0

10th Plan(2002-07) 6.5

11th Plan(2007-12) 6.0

Nutrient Consumption RatioYear N P2O5 K2O

1951-52 7.9 0.9 1.01961-62 8.9 2.2 1.01971-72 6.0 1.9 1.01981-82 6.0 1.9 1.01991-92 6.0 2.9 1.02000-01 7.0 2.7 1.02004-05

5.7 2.2 1.0

2006-07 5.9 2.1 1.0

Ideal Ratio : 4.0 : 2.0 : 1.0

Soil Fertility Status of Indian Soils

Nutrient Soil fertility statusNitrogen Low in 228 districts, medium 118 districts, high in

18 districts

Phosphorus Low in 170 districts, medium 184 districts, high in 17 districts

Potassium Low in 47 districts, medium 192 districts, high in 122 districts

Sulphur Deficiency in 100-120 districts

Magnesium Deficiency in Kerala, very acidic soils other southern states.

Zinc 50 % of 150.000 soil sample found deficient.

Iron Upland calcareous soils for rice, groundnut & sugarcane found deficient

Boron Part of Bihar, Karnataka, West Bengal

Food-grain production Vs. Fertilizer use

0

50

100

150

200

250

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2005 2006 2007

Year

Fo

od

gra

ins

(Mt)

0

5

10

15

20

25

Fer

tili

zer

use

(M

t)

Food-grains(Mt) Fertilizer use (Mt)

IPNS Concept

The basic concept of Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS) is : “The management of all available plant nutrients sources, both organic and inorganic,to provide optimum and sustainable crop production conditions within the prevailing farming system”

Objectives

To improve soil productivity. To improve the stock of plant nutrients in

the soil. To improve the efficiency of plant

nutrients and limiting losses to environment.

To improve the physical conditions of soils.

Approach

In IPNS an appropriate combination of mineral fertilizers, organic manures, crop residues, compost, N-fixing crops and Biofertilisers is used according to the local ecological conditions, land use system and the individual farmer’s social and economical conditions

Four Themes of IPNS

On-site resource generation

Off-site resource mobilization

Resource integration

Resource management

Why IPNS ?Fertilizer use is inadequate, imbalanced, non integrated and poorly managed.

Neither chemical fertilizers alone nor the organic sources exclusively can achieve the production sustainability under highly intensive cropping system.

The interaction advantage of combined use of organics and inorganic have been well established.

IPNS is helpful in arresting the emerging deficiency of nutrients other than N, P and K.

Improve the physical, chemical and biological environment of soils and bring economy and efficiency in fertilizer use.

IPNS concept is economic and environmental friendly.

Elements of IPNS Natural resources

– Soil supply, water supply, deposition by rains. Organic nutrient sources

– Crop residues– Green manure– Biofertilisers– Organic matter– Organic waste

Mineral Resources– Inorganic fertilizers

Sources of NutrientsComponent Main effect Other effects

Fertilizers Concentrated source

No micronutrients

Organic manure Less Nutrients Improve soil conditions.

Green manures N-source from atmosphere

Crop competition w.r.t time and space

Crop residues Source of K Improves soil conditions

Biofertilisers N-fixers & P solubilizers

Enzymes and vitamins are added

Organic Sources

Animal dung, Human excreta, plants residue and city compost.

Organic sources requires decomposition for nutritional benefits.

Organic sources are neither nutrient nor in concentrated form.

C:N Ratio decides the availability. Organic nutrient potentials in India is about 17

million tones of NPK.

Chemical Composition of Organic Sources

Organic Source Primary Nutrient (%)

N P K

FYM 1.0 0.5 0.9

Poultry 1.9 1.9 1.6

Human excreta 1.6 0.5 0.5

City compost 1.5 0.5 1.0

Wheat straw 0.6 0.1 1.6

Effect of FYM Use on Wheat Yield

0

10

20

30

40

1 5 15 25

5 years' moving average

Gra

in y

ield

(q

/ha)

100 % NPK 100 % NPK+LIME 100 % NPK+ FYM

Effect of FYM Use on Maize Yield

0

15

30

45

60

1 5 15 25

5 years' moving average

Gra

in y

ield

(q

/ha)

100 % NPK 100 % NPK+LIME 100 % NPK+ FYM

Long Term Experiment

Crop Season Yield (t ha-1)

Control 100% N 100% NPK

100% NPK+FYM

Maize Kharif 1.1 2.6 3.6 4.7

Rice Rabi 1.0 1.8 2.6 3.4

Effect of balanced use of nutrients and INM on crop yield (t ha-1) after 25 years under long term fertility experiments at Hyderabad

Cropping system, Location, soil

Initial SOC(%)

SOC(%) after 20 years of cropping

Control NPK NPK +FYM

Rice-rice, Bubaneswar, 0.27 0.41 0.59 0.79

Rice-wheat, Pantnagar, 1.48 0.50 0.95 1.51

Rice-wheat, Faizabad, 0.37 0.19 0.40 0.50

Rice-wheat-jute, Barrackpore, 0.71 0.42 0.45 0.52

Rice-wheat-cowpea, Pantnagar

1.48 0.60 0.90 1.44

Maiz-wheat, Palampur, 0.79 0.62 0.83 1.20

Fallow-rice-wheat, Karnal, Alkali soil

0.23 0.30 0.32 0.35

Cotton-cotton, Nagpur, 0.41 --- --- 0.55

Cassava, Trivandrum, 0.70 0.26 0.60 0.98

Effect of long term application of FYM on soil Organic Carbon Content

Bio Fertilizers

Live preparations of microorganisms, alone or in combination, which increase crop productivity by way of helping in biological nitrogen fixation, solublization of insoluble plant nutrients, stimulating plant growth or decomposition of plant residues

Importance of Biofertilizers Potential source of nutrients Cheap Environment friendly Required in less amount Easy in handling and application Give long term benefits

Biofertilizers

Nitrogen fixing Phosphate mobilizing

Symbiotic

Nonsymbiotic Phosphate Solubilizer

Phosphate Absorber

Rhizobium Azospirillum

Azolla Azotobacter Bacillus Mycorrhiza

Acetobacter Pseudomonas Ecoto

BGA Aspergillus Endo

Penicillium VAM

Fertilizer Equivalent of Organic and Biofertilisers

Component Input Level Nutrient

Organic manure (FYM)

Per tonne 3.5 kg N

Green manure Per tonne 50.60 kg N in paddy

Rhizobium Inoculants 19-22 kg N

Azotobactor Inoculants 20 kg N

Blue green algae 10 kg/ha 20-30 kg N

Azolla 6-12 t/ha 3-4 kg N/t

Sugarcane trash 5 t/ha 12 kg N/t

Rice straw +water hyacinth

5 t/ha 29 kg N/t

Green Manuring

Practice of soil incorporation of any field

or forage crop while green or soon after

flowering for the purpose of soil

improvement

Effect of Green ManureTreatment Green matter

(q/ha)N addition

(kg/ha)

Dhaincha (control) 174.5 55.8

Dhaincha (50% N) 178.0 58.7

Dhaincha (100% N) 178.5 62.4

Greengram (control) 51.0 21.2

Greengram (50 N) 55.0 23.4

Greengram (100% N) 56.0 24.7

CROP RESIDUE

Crop residue, In general, are plant parts left in the field after harvesting/threshing of crops.

Crop Residue includes

• Straw

• Chaff grains

• Roots

• Foliage

CROP RESIDUE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Residue Burning

Incorporation

Direct drilling in surface residues (Mulching)

Residue removing/ composting/ cattle feed

Residue removing for industrial uses

Effect of Wheat crop residue on Rice

Treatment Grain yield (t/ha)

Straw yield (t/ha)

Incorporation 5.14 6.30

Burning 4.78 6.06

Removal 4.70 6.03

CD (0.05) 0.26 0.23

Sharma (1998)

Nutrient Availability Projections From Organic Resources

Resource 2005 2010 2025

Nutrients in mt (N+P+K)

Human excreta

2.0 2.24 2.60

Livestock dung

6.64 7.0 7.54

Crop residues

6.21 7.10 10.27

Conclusion

In view of the advantages, it is highly desired to promote balanced, efficient and environmentally sound Integrated Plant nutrient system employing both

organic and inorganic sources of nutrients and bio-cultures at the

farm and community level.