Integrated Plant Management C&P
59
Justin C. Ruiz, CGCS Integrated Plant Management Practical IPM on the Golf Course
description
Using growing degree days to anticipate insect developement and increase your effectiveness on control.
Transcript of Integrated Plant Management C&P
Justin C. Ruiz, CGCS
Integrated Plant ManagementPractical IPM on the Golf Course
Being Creative
Integrated Plant ManagementDefined
“IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and
environmental risks.”Reference: http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/aginfo/ndipm/ipmdefinition.htm
Presentation Outline
• Growing Degree Day Calculation• Billbug Control
– Degree Day Model– Scouting– Chemical Application
• Cutworm Control– Degree Day Model– Scouting– Chemical Application
Presentation Outline
• Masked Chafer– Degree Day Model– Scouting– Chemical Application
Growing Degree Day
“The number of degrees the average temperature is above a baseline temperature. Used to predict insect and plant development.”
Upper and Lower Threshold Temperature
“The high and low temperature at which insect/plant development occurs.”
Calculating Growing Degree Days (GDD)
Tmax +TminGDD = ____
2 -Tbase
Tmax = Daily High
Tmin = Daily Low
Tbase = 50 degrees
•Sine Wave Method is more accurate. You can find calculators on the web.
Integrated Plant ManagementBillbug Control
Bluegrass Billbug Adult
www.biosurvey.ou.edu/okwild/misc/bgbill.html
Billbug Control• Degree Day Model
Degree Day Model• Adults become active
280-352 GDD• Last effective adult contact control
560-624 GDD• Larvae control is effective
925-1035 GDD• Significant visual damage occurs
1330-1485 GDDStarting March 1st
Billbug Damage
Billbug Control• Degree Day Model• Scouting/Trapping
Billbug Scouting
• Using pitfall traps• Observing cart paths and greens• Clippings in mower buckets
Billbug Trap DataBiilbug Trapping vs. GDD
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Mar
chApr
ilM
ayJu
ne
0
5
10
15
20
25
GDD
Billbugs
Chlorpyrifos Application made April 24th
Chemical Application
• 4/24/08 Chlorpyrifos (1oz/M)– Ring around perimeter of golf course
• Target adult billbugs• GDD aprox. 502
• 5/12/08 Clothianidin (12.8oz/A)– All short cut and South facing slopes
in rough• Target billbug larvae• GDD aprox. 799*
* Application made a few days early in preparation for a tournament
When to Spray What
• Adult Control • Contact insecticide (350-600GDD)
» Compare with trap data
• Larvae Control• Systemic insecticide (925-1035GDD)
Biological Control
• Entomopathogenic Nematodes – Steinernema carpocapsae
• Endophyte enhanced grasses
Infecting Nematodes
www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/pests/e1229w.htm
www.bsu.edu/classes/ruch/msa/blackwell.html
Endophyte Mycelium
Integrated Plant Management• Scouting/Trapping• Cutworm Control• Degree Day Model
Cutworms March 25th
Cutworm Scouting
• Light traps• Walking greens• Pitfall traps???• Soap Flush
Cutworm Control• Degree Day Model
– Lower Threshold is 50 degrees– Upper Threshold is 86 degrees
Degree Day Model• Adults Migrate
Mid March to early April • Eggs hatch after peak flight
90 GDD• Larvae control is effective
200-300 GDD• Significant visual damage occurs
300-1000 GDD
Degree Day Model Cont.• Second Generation Peak Flight
900-1100 GDD• Third Generation Peak Flight
1900-2100 GDDThis is our observation at our
property
Cutworm Damage
Cutworm Trap DataCutworm Trapping vs. GDD
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Mar
chApr
ilM
ayJu
ne
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
GDD
Cutworms
Chlorpyrifos Application made April 24th
Chemical Application
• Systemic application (Accelepryn, etc.)
– All green surrounds and mapped rough areas.• Target cutworm larvae• GDD aprox. 250-275 GDD*
* Peak flight we recorded on our property
Chemical Application Cont.
• Contact Insecticide– Label rate for Cutworm larvae
– Apply to area that has visible damage over your threshold.
– Not really a GDD timed application.
Biological Control
• Entomopathogenic Nematodes – Steinernema carpocapsae
• Endophytic grasses• Bacterium
– Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki
Infecting Nematodes
www.bsu.edu/classes/ruch/msa/blackwell.html
Endophyte Mycelium
www.inchem.org
Integrated Plant Management• Scouting/Trapping• Masked Chafer Control• Degree Day Model
WWW.KSDA.GOV
Masked Chafer Scouting
• Light traps• Javalina damage
Masked Chafer Control• Degree Day Model• Day length may be more
important than temperature??
Masked Chafer Control• Degree Day Model
– Lower Threshold is 50 degrees– Upper Threshold is 75 degrees
Degree Day Model• Peak Flight prediction
1375-1575 GDD (www.turffiles.ncsu.edu) • First Instar Development
260-340 GDD from peak flight (my observation)
• Temperature Threshold
50 deg. Base and 75 deg. Max.One generation per year here.
Chemical Application
• Systemic at label rate (Accelepryn, Arena etc.)
– All mapped areas, mostly south facing.• Target White grub• GDD 1375-1575 GDD*
* At peak flight observation
Chemical Application Cont.
• Contact Insecticide– Label rate for Masked Chafer Grub
– Apply to area that has visible damage over your threshold.
– Not really a GDD timed application.– Very hard to control since contact is needed
and thatch can capture most of the chemical.
Biological Control
• Entomopathogenic Nematodes – Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
• Endophytic grasses• Mach 2 (halofenozide)
– Interrupts molting process
• Parasitic Wasps– Typhia Wasp
http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/white_grub4a.gif
Parasitic Wasp Feeding on White Grub
Nice Links
• www.uspest.org
• www.turfhugger.com
• www.beneficialinsectco.com
Any Questions?
