Integrated Farming System ResearchThe gateway to sustainability

Presented By-

Debasish mallickAdm No. 29A/10

Topics to be discussed• Farming system• Integrated farming system• Farming system research• Philosophy of farming system research• Farming system research- focus• Farming system research- steps• Integrated farming system - goals

Farming system• Farming system is a complex inter-related matrix of soil,plants, animals implements, power, labour, capital and otherinputs controlled in part by farm families and influenced byvarying degrees of political, economic, institutional and socialforces that operate at many levels

• Farming system is an integrated resource management strategy for obtaining economic and sustained crop and livestock production and preserving the resource base with high environmental quality.

Farming system on the go

Integrated farming system• Agricultural system that integrates livestock and crop

production or integrate fish and livestock and may sometimes be known as Integrated biosystems.

• In this system an inter-related set of enterprises used so that the “waste” from one component becomes an input for another part of the system, which reduces cost and improves production and/or income

• It involves the utilization of primary produce and secondary produce of one system as basic input of other system.

Philosophy of Integrated farming system

• In situ recycling of organic residues• Decrease in cost of cultivation through enhanced input

use efficiency• Integration of primary or secondary produce/waste of

one component for the benefit of other component(s)• Upgrading soil and water productivity• Nutritional security• Environmental security• Continuous flow of income and employment throughout

the year.

Farming system research- focus

• Farmer-oriented• System-oriented• Problem-solving approach• Interdisciplinary• Complements mainstream disciplinary research

• Tests technology in on-farm trials• Provides feedback from farmers

Farming system research- steps

•Farm selection•Selection of villages and farmers•Diagnosis of constraints in increasing farm productivity

•Research design and technology generation and adoption

•Technology transfer and diffusion• Impact of technology of improved farming system

Integrated farming system - goals

• Maximizing yield of all component enterprises to provide steady and stable income

• Reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and other harmful agro-chemicals and pesticides to provide pollution free, healthy produce and environment.

• Stability in income and enhanced standard of living of the concerned beneficiary.

• Optimum resource mobilization and utilization.

Factors governing choice and size of enterprises and resource allocation

• Climatic conditions• Soil type• Farmers preferences• Size of the farm• Knowledge, skill and technology• Storage, transport and marketing• Resource mobilizing power• Credit facilities available• Socio-economic conditions• Customs, sentiments and believes

FARMING SYSTEM RESEARCH – Impact studies

• Production efficiency• Economic returns• Energy input / output• Employment• Equity• Environment

Sl.N

o Agro-climatic zones Farming system

modules1 North western plateau

(S.Garh,Deogarh)Crop(rice-mustard/greengram)-dairy-goatery-poultry-agroforestry

2 North central plateau (Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj)

Crop(rice/maize-pulse/mustard)-dairy-goatery-poultry-apiculture-agroforestry

3 North eastern coastal plain (Balasore,Bhadrak,Jajpur,)  

Crop(rice-pulse/oilseed)-dairy-pisciculture-mushroom

4 East & south-eastern coastal plain (Kendrapada, Jagatsinghpur, Khurda, Puri, Nayagarh, Cuttack) 

Crop(rice-pulse/oilseed/veg)-dairy- pisciculture-mushroom

5 North east Ghat (Kandhamal, Rayagada, Gajapati, Ganjam)

Crop(rice/millets-pulse/oilseeds/veg)-goatery-sheep-poultry-agroforestry

IFS identified for different agro-climatic zones of Orissa

Contd…Sl No.

Agro-climatic zones Farming system modules

6 Eastern ghat highland (Nawarangpur, part of Koraput) 

Crop(rice/millets-niger/pulse)-goatery-sheep- agroforestry

7 South eastern Ghat (Malkangiri, part of Koraput)

Crop(rice/maize/ragi/til-veg)-poultry-goatery-sheep- agroforestry 

8 Western undulating zone(Kalahandi, Nuapada) Crop(rice/cotton-pulse/oilseeds)-dairy-poultry-piggery-goatery 

9 Western central table land (Baragarh, Bolangir, Boudh, Sonepur, J.suguda, Sambalpur) 

Crop(rice/groundnut/arhar/til-pulse/oilseed/veg)-dairy-poultry-piggery-goatery

10 Mid-central table land (Angul, Dhenkanal)

Crop(rice/groundnut/arhar/til-pulse/oilseed)-poultry-dairy-apiculture-goatery-mushroom

Case studies

• Integrated farming system modules identified for different districts were used in practice by few Krushi Vigyan Kendras.

•A summary of the results obtained from different category of farmers is given in the following table

Case Study

Name of KVK Name and address of farmer Type of farmer Area (ha) IFS modules NMR (Rs) B:C ratio

Nayagarh R C Barad, Rampada, Bhapur Marginal 0.94Pisciculture-Horticulture-Poultry

1,44,850 2.56

Bhadrak P K Behera, Jamojodi, Tihidi Small 1.00Vegetable-pisciculture-poultry-dairy

2,13,000 2.72

MayurbhanjG Mohanta, Baunsvila, Shamakhunta

Semi-medium 2.60Rice-banana-pisciculture-poultry-dairy

1,87,480 

1.82 

CuttackH K BeheraDorada, Athagarh

Semi-medium 2.40 Field crop-horticulture-animal 1,38,354 2.18

Angul S K Khatua, Shyamsunder pur Semi-medium 2.42Field crop-horticulture-Pisciculture- vermicompost

99,000 2.21

Jagatsingh- pur S K swain, Kaudiabari, Tirtol Medium 4.16Crop-pisciculture-dairy-poultry-duckery

1,35,200 2.02

KalahandiMurali Budhia, Kanakpur, Bhawanipatna

Medium 5.20Crop-cattle-poultry-pisciculture

4,99,180 2.96

Results from different districts

1. Nayagarh2. Cuttack3. Angul4. Bhadrak5. Mayurbhanj6. Jagatsinghpur7. Kalahandi

Nayagarh

• Pond based farming system in an area of 0.94 ha in the village Rampada, Bhapur, Nayagarh during the year 2007-08 recorded a net profit of Rs 1,44,850 per year with B:C ratio of 2.56.

• Highest B:C ratio was obtained from horticultural crops (4.38) followed by pisciculture (3.83). Maximum net profit of 69% was obtained from pisciculture.

Cuttack

• IFS conducted in village Dorada of Athagarh in Cuttack district during the year 2007-08 and 2008-09 indicated that rice-based cropping system coupled with horticultural crops and rearing of dairy animals enhanced the productivity and profitability substantially as compared to conventional system and was 9.84 times higher in terms of net monetary return . The B:C ratio was higher in horticultural crops(2.91) compared to field crops(1.84) and dairy animals(1.79).

Anugul

• Integrated farming system with components of crop-horticulture-pisciculture-vermicompost in Shyamsunderpur of Angul district recorded a net profit of Rs 99,000 with B:C ratio of 2.21 (Table 3e). Pisciculture shared maximum net profit (37%) in the system .

Bhadrak

• A small farmer of village Jamojodi, Tihidi, Bhadrak included vegetable, pisciculture, poultry and dairy in his 1.0 ha farming system model and got Rs 2,13,000 as net monetary return (NMR) with B:C ratio of 2.72 (Table 3b and Fig 1b). Among the components vegetable cultivation resulted maximum net profit (61%) and B:C ratio of 5.25.

Net profit - Bhadrak

Vegetable 61%

Pisciculture 30%

Poultry 6%

Dairy 3%

Mayurbhanj

• From rice-banana-pisciculture-poultry-dairy system, a farmer Sri Gourahari Mohanta of Baunsvila, Shamakhunta in Mayurbhanj district could earn Rs 1,85,480 per year with B:C ratio of 1.82 during 2008-09. Maximum profit of Rs 1,12,000 was obtained from the dairy component (Table 3c).

Jagatsinghpur

• maximum net profit (37%) in the system (Fig 1e).• With adoption of rice based farming system during 2008-

09, a medium farmer of village Kaudiabari in Jagatsinghpur district earned a net profit of Rs 1,35,200 with benefit-cost ratio of 2.02. His net monetary return was maximum (50%) from crop components(Fig 1f).

Kalahandi

• Crop-animal-poultry-pisciculture system in Kalahandi district in western undulating zone earned a net profit of Rs 4,99,180 against Rs 6120 in conventional systems (Nanda et al., 2007b). Maximum net profit (Rs 4,54,900) was obtained from crop components (Table 3g and Fig 1g).

Concluding remarks

• Sustainability of agriculture depends on the adoption of suitable farming system with inclusion of crop, animal and other allied enterprises. Appropriate utilization of human labour, scientific management of available resources and recycling of agricultural waste by way of integrating different enterprises will make farming a profitable business. Under rice based cropping system the profitability gets reduced when area under rice is more. However, the same is substantially enhanced when vegetables were included in the system. Hence, priority on allied enterprises is necessary to increase the farm income.