InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

download InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

of 31

Transcript of InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    1/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    :

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT

    4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

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

    7KHUH DUH WZR DSSURDFKHV WR LPSURYH WKH KLJKSRZHU SHUIRUPDQFH RI 3'V 2QH LV WRGLVWULEXWH DQG XQLIRUP WKH SKRWRFXUUHQWV DORQJ WKH HGJHFRXSOHG 3'V WR PLQLPL]H WKH

    WKHUPDO SUREOHP >@ DQG VSDFHFKDUJH VFUHHQLQJ HIIHFW >@ E\ LPSURYLQJ WKH JHRPHWULF

    VWUXFWXUH RI RSWLFDO DQG HOHFWULFDO ZDYHJXLGHV VXFK DV HYDQHVFHQWO\FRXSOHG SKRWRGLRGH

    (&3' >@ WKH RWKHU LV WR PLQLPL]H WKH VSDFHFKDUJH VFUHHQLQJ HIIHFW LQ WKH SKRWR

    DEVRUSWLRQYROXPHE\FKDQJLQJWKHVWUXFWXUHRUPDWHULDORIHSLWD[LDOOD\HUVVXFKDV87&3'

    >@ SDUWLDOO\ GHSOHWHG DEVRUEHU SKRWRGLRGH 3'3 >@ DQG VHSDUDWHGWUDQVSRUW

    UHFRPELQDWLRQSKRWRGLRGH6753'>@,QWKLVFKDSWHUZHUHYLHZHGRXUUHFHQWZRUNVRQ

    ,Q3DQG *D$V EDVHG KLJKSRZHU SKRWRGLRGHV ZKLFK FDQRYHUFRPH WKH DERYHPHQWLRQHG

    SUREOHPV DQG DFKLHYH VWDWHRIWKHDUW RXWSXW SRZHU ZLWKRXW VHULRXVO\ VDFULILFLQJ WKH

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    2/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    UHVSRQVLYLW\DQGVSHHGSHUIRUPDQFH

    )GQOGVTKE 5VTWEVWTG QH *KIJRQYGT *KIJTGURQPUKXKV[ CPF *KIJURGGF2JQVQFKQFG

    +PVTQFWEVKQP

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

    LQFLGHQW SKRWRQ LV ODXQFKHG WR WKH ERWWRP SDVVLYH RSWLFDO ZDYHJXLGH RI (&3' DQGJUDGXDOO\FRXSOHGWRWKHXSSHUDFWLYHDEVRUSWLRQUHJLRQ%HFDVXHWKHJUDGXDOO\FRXSOLQJSURFHVV LQWR WKH DEVRUSWLRQ UHJLPH WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ RI SKRWRJHQHUDWHG FDUULHUV WKXVEHFRHPVPRUHXQLIRUPDQGWKHSUREOHPRILQSXWHQGVDWXUDWLRQLQWUDGLWLRQDO:*3'FDQWKXVEHPLQLPL]HG5HFHQWO\VHYHUDOUHVHDUFKJURXSVKDYHGHPRQVWUDWHGWKHVWDWHRIWKHDUW SHUIRUPDQFH RI (&3'V ZLWK D VKRUW FRXSOLQJ OHQJWK aP DQG SDUWLDOO\ GHSOHWHGDEVRUEHU>@+RZHYHUWKHWROHUDQFHRIWKHFOHDYHGFRXSOLQJOHQJWKRIVXFKGHYLFHVLVYHU\VPDOO OHVV WKDQ P DQG GLIIHUHQW FRXSOLQJ OHQJWKV KDYH D VHULRXV HIIHFW RQ WKHUHVSRQVLYLW\SHUIRUPDQFH>@7KLVSUREOHPFDQEHRYHUFRPHE\GU\HWFKLQJDGHHSWUHQFKWRSUHFLVHO\GHILQHWKHZDYHJXLGHOHQJWK>@+RZHYHUDQ\URXJKQHVVRQWKHGU\HWFKHG

    )LJ6FKHPDWLFGLDJUDPRIDSLQEDVHG93'DDQG:*3'EVWUXFWXUH

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    3/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    :DYHJXLGH7\SH

    (YDQHVFHQW:DYHJXLGH7\SH

    8QLIRUP3RZHU'LVWULEXWLRQ

    )LJ 7KH FRQFHSWXDO GLDJUDP RI ODXQFKHG RSWLFDO ZDYH LQ WKH LQSXWHQG RI :*3'

    VWUXFWXUHDQG(&3'VWUXFWXUHIDFHWV FDQ GHJUDGH WKH UHVSRQVLYLW\ SHUIRUPDQFH 2WKHU JURXSV KDYH DOVR GHYHORSHGSKRWRGLRGHV ZLWK DQ DV\PPHWULF WZLQ ZDYHJXLGH WDSHUHG VWUXFWXUH WR LPSURYH WKHFOHDYLQJ WROHUDQFH DQG DFKLHYH KLJK UHVSRQVLYLW\ SHUIRUPDQFH >@ EXW WKH PLVDOLJQPHQWEHWZHHQ WKHVH WZLQ ZDYHJXLGHV DQGWKH RSWLFDO VFDWWHULQJ ORVV ZKLFK LV LQGXFHG E\ YHU\

    ORQJZDYHJXLGHOHQJWKV!PPFDQERWKVHULRXVO\DIIHFWWKHUHVSRQVLYLW\>@,QDGGLWLRPE\ LQWHJUDWLQJ DQ HGJHFRXSOHG 3' ZLWK D OHDN\ RSWLFDO ZDYHJXLGH LV DQRWKHU SRVVLEOHVRXOXWLRQ WR LQFUHDVH WKH WROHUDQFH RI WKH FOHDYLQJ SURFHVV >@ DOWKRXJK WKH HOHFWULFDOEDQGZLGWKSHUIRUPDQFHPD\EHVDFULILFHGIRUWKHKLJKUHVSRQVLYLW\SHUIRUPDQFHGXHWRWKHIDFW WKDW D PXFK ODUJHU SKRWRDEVRUSWLRQ YROXPH WKDQ WKDW RI WKH WUDGLWLRQDO :*3' LV

    QHFHVVDU\ WR FRPSOHWHO\ DEVRUE WKH GLOXWHG RSWLFDO SRZHU >@ ,Q WKLV FKDSWHU ZHUHYLHZHGRXU UHFHQWZRUNV>@ ZKLFK FDQRYHUFRPHWKHDEYRHPHQWLRQHGSUREOHPV RI(&3' DQG DFKLHYH WKH JRDO RI KLJKEDQGZGLWK KLJKUHVSRQVLYLW\ DQG KLJK VDWXUDWLRQSRZHU $W ILUVW ZH FRPELQHG D SDUWLDOO\ SGRSHG SKRWRDEVRUSWLRQ OD\HU ZLWK D OHDN\RSWLFDO ZDYHJXLGH DQG D GLVWULEXWHGEUDJJUHIOHFWRU '%5 LQ WKH VWUXFWXUH RI DQ HGJHFRXSOHG SKRWRGLRGH 7KH LQWHJUDWHG '%5 PLUURU FDQ IROG WKH LQMHFWHG RSWLFDO SDWK DQGHQKDQFHWKHUHVSRQVLYLW\SHUIRUPDQFHZLWKRXWLQFUHDVLQJWKHGHYLFHDEVRUSWLRQOHQJWK7KHGHPRQVWUDWHGGHYLFHFDQDFKLHYHVXSHULRUSHUIRUPDQFHLQWHUPVRIEDQGZLGWKVDWXUDWLRQSRZHU DQG TXDQWXP HIILFLHQF\ IRU WKH FRQWURO ZLWKRXW '%5 PLUURUV )XUWKHUPRUH WKHUHVSRQVLYLW\SHUIRUPDQFHRIRXUGHPRQVWUDWHGGHYLFHLVPXFKOHVVVHQVLWLYHWRWKHFOHDYHGFRXSOLQJOHQJWKWKDQLVWKDWWKDWRIWKH(&3'YV>@7KHDQRWKHUVWUXFWXUHZH

    GHPRQVWDUWHG IRU VROYLQJ WKH SUREOHPV RI (&3' LV WKH GXDOVWHS HYDQHVFHQWO\FRXSOHGZDYHJXLGHSKRWRGLRGH>@'(&3' %\VHSDUDWLQJWKH ILEHUJXLGHUHJLRQDQG FRXSOLQJJXLGH UHJLRQ LQWR GLIIHUHQW SDUWV RI WKH RSWLFDO ZDYHJXLGH >@ WKH GHSHQGHQFH RI WKH

    UHVSRQVLYLW\ RQ WKH FOHDYHGOHQJWK FDQ EH PLQLPL]HG QRU LV D ORQJ aPP SDVVLYHZDYHJXLGHZLWKFRPSOH[WDSHUHGVWDJHVDQ\ORQJHUQHFHVVDU\

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    4/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    .GCM[9CXGIWKFG2&U,Q RUGHU WR GHWHUPLQH WKH LQIOXHQFH RI '%5 PLUURUV RQ WKH UHVSRQVLYLW\ SHUIRUPDQFH RISKRWRGLRGHV WZR NLQGV RI GHYLFH ZLWK WKH VDPH JHRPHWU\ DQG HSLOD\HU VWUXFWXUHV EXW

    ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW '%5 PLUURUV ZHUH IDEULFDWHG 7KH '%5 PLUURU GHYLFH KDV WZLFH WKHUHIOHFWHGLQSXWRSWLFDOSRZHUDQGDEVRUSWLRQRIWKHIROGHGRSWLFDOSRZHU7KXVFRPSDUHGZLWKWKH'%5GHYLFHWKHFRQWUROGHYLFHUHTXLUHVDPXFKORQJHUGHYLFHDEVRUSWLRQOHQJWKZKLFKUHVXOWVLQSRRUHUVSHHGSHUIRUPDQFH7KHFURVVVHFWLRQDOYLHZDQGWRSYLHZRIWKHGHPRQVWUDWHGGHYLFHVDUHJLYHQLQ)LJXUHDQGWKHLQVHWVKRZVWKHIDEULFDWHG'%5PLUURU

    $FWLYH5HJLRQP

    '%55HJLRQP

    '%53HULRG

    P

    30HWDO10HWDO

    :DYHJXLGHZLGWK

    'LRGHZLGWKP

    6,,Q36XEVWUDWH

    ,QSXW/LJKW

    P

    P

    P

    :DYHJXLGH5HJLRQP

    )LJ7KHFURVVVHFWLRQDODQGWRSYLHZVRIWKHGHPRQVWUDWHGGHYLFHV7KHLQVHWSLFWXUHVWKHIDEULFDWHG'%5PLUURUV

    7KH'%5PLUURUSDLUVSDLUVDVODEHOHGLQ)LJXUHDUHGHVLJQHGWRSURGXFHDUHIOHFWLRQPD[LPXP DWDURXQG WKH QP ZDYHOHQJWK UHJLPH 7KH OHDN\ RSWLFDO ZDYHJXLGH XVHGZDVFRPSRVHGRIWZRORZHUXQGRSHG,Q*D$V3FRUHOD\HUVDWKLQKHDYLO\GRSHGQW\SH,Q3HWFKLQJ VWRS OD\HU DQ ,Q*D$V EDVHG SKRWRDEVRUSWLRQ OD\HU P XQGRSHG DQGPSGRSHGLQWKLFNQHVVDQGDWRSPRVWSW\SH,Q3FODGGLQJ

    %LDV9ROWDJH9

    $FWLYH$UHDPP

    5HVSRQVLYLW\$:

    :DYHJXLGHOHQJWKPP

    %LDV9ROWDJH9

    5HVSRQVLYLW\$:

    $FWLYH5HJLRQ/HQ JWKPP

    3'ZLWK'%5ZLGWKPP3'ZLWKRXW'%5ZLGWKPP3'ZLWK'%5ZLGWKPP3'ZLWKRXW'%5ZLGWKPP

    )LJ7KHPHDVXUHGUHVSRQVLYLW\RIERWKGHYLFHVZLWKDQGZLWKRXW'%5PLUURUVYHUVXVOHQJWKRIDFWLYHGLRGHV7KHELDVYROWDJHLVIL[HGDW9DQGWKHZDYHJXLGHZLGWKVRIERWK

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    5/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    GHYLFHVDUHPPDQGPP7KHLQVHWVKRZVWKHPHDVXUHGUHVSRQVLYLWLHVRI'%5GHYLFHVZLWKWKHVDPHDFWLYHDUHDPDQGGLIIHUHQWFOHDYHGOHQJWKVRISDVVLYHRSWLFDOZDYHJXLGH

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

    LQGHSHQGHQW RI WKH FOHDYHG OHQJWK ,Q FRPSDULVRQ ZLWK WKH UHSRUWHG (&3' UHVXOWV WKHPHDVXUHGUHVSRQVLYLW\ZLOOYDU\PXFKPRUHVLJQLILFDQWO\IURPa$:WRa$:ZKHQ

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

    9 DQG RXWSXW SKRWRFXUUHQW P$ &RPSDUHG ZLWK WKH FRQWURO WKH GHYLFH ZLWK '%5PLUURUV QRW RQO\ KDV KLJKHU HOHFWULFDOEDQGZLGWK SHUIRUPDQFH a*+] YV a*+] EXWDOVR SURGXFHVKLJKHU EDQGZLGWKUHVSRQVLYLW\ a*+]$: YVa*+]$:)LJXUH E VKRZV WKH PHDVXUHG IUHTXHQF\ UHVSRQVHV RI GHYLFHV ZLWK '%5 PLUURUV DQG GLIIHUHQWDFWLYH DUHDV P DQG P XQGHU D 9 ELDV YROWDJH DQG D IL[HG P$ RXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQW(YHQXQGHUVXFKDKLJKRXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWP$ERWKGHYLFHVDFKLHYHG

    )LJD7KHPHDVXUHGIUHTXHQF\UHVSRQVHVRIGHYLFHVXQGHUDIL[HGGFELDVYROWDJH9DQGRXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWP$7KHDFWLYHDUHDRIWKHGHYLFHVZLWKDQGZLWKRXW'%5LV

    %LDV9ROWDJH9

    3KRWRFXUUHQWP$

    1RUPDOL]HG5)3RZHUG%

    %DQGZLGWK*+]

    3'ZLWK'%5PP

    3'ZLWKRXW'%5PP

    %LDV9ROWDJH9

    3KRWRFXUUHQWP$

    1RUPDOL]HG5)

    3RZHUG%

    %DQGZLGWK*+]

    3'ZLWK'%5PP

    3'ZLWK'%5PP

    D E

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    6/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    PDQGP UHVSHFWLYHO\ E 7KH PHDVXUHG IUHTXHQF\ UHVSRQVHV RI GHYLFHV ZLWK'%5 PLUURUV DQG WZR GLIIHUHQW DFWLYH DUHDV P DQG P XQGHU D IL[HG RXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWP$DQGGFELDVYROWDJH9

    DQHOHFWULFDOEDQGZLGWKRIDURXQG*+]7KHKLJKUHVSRQVLYLW\$:DQG$:DQGKLJK HOHFWULFDO EDQGZLGWK a*+] WKDW WKH GHPRQVWUDWHG GHYLFHV DFKLHYHG XQGHU KLJKFXUUHQW RSHUDWLRQ HQVXUH WKHLU VXLWDELOLW\ IRU DSSOLFDWLRQ WR *ELWVHF DQDORJ DQG GLJLWDOILEHUFRPPXQLFDWLRQV\VWHPV$VFRPSDUHGWRWKHUHVXOWVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHZHFDQFOHDUO\VHH WKDW DOWKRXJK WKH '%5 GHYLFH KDV ODUJHU DFWLYH DUHD WKDQ WKRVH RI WKH FRQWURO GHYLFH

    PPYVPPWKHHOHFWULFDOEDQGZLGWKSHUIRUPDQFHLVVWLOOPXFKEHWWHUa*+]YVa*+]HYHQXQGHUDPXFKKLJKHURXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWP$YVP$7KHVXSHULRUKLJKSRZHUSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKH'%5GHYLFHWRWKHFRQWUROGHYLFHFDQSRVVLEO\EHDWWULEXWHGWRLWVPRUHXQLIRUPGLVWULEXWLRQRISKRWRJHQHUDWHGFDUULHUVEHFDXVHRIWKHIROGHGSKRWRDEVRUSWLRQ SURFHVV )LJXUH UHSUHVHQWV WKH SKRWRJHQHUDWHG 5) SRZHU YHUVXV GF

    SKRWRFXUUHQWRIGHYLFHVXQGHUDIL[HGGFELDVYROWDJH97KHLGHDOUHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKH5)SRZHURIDPRGXODWHGODUJHVLJQDODQGWKHDYHUDJHFXUUHQWZLWKDORDGLVDOVRSORWWHGDVDVWUDLJKWOLQHIRUUHIHUHQFH$VVKRZQLQWKLVILJXUH'%5GHYLFHVZLWKDVPDOOHU

    JHRPHWULF VL]H PP YV PP FDQ KDYH D VOLJKWO\ ODUJHU SKRWRJHQHUDWHG 5) SRZHUXQGHUWKHVDPHSKRWRFXUUHQWGXHWRKDYLQJDODUJHU5&OLPLWHGEDQGZLGWK)XUWKHUPRUHZHFDQFOHDUO\VHHWKDWWKHWZR'%5GHYLFHVKDYHDKLJKHUVDWXUDWLRQFXUUHQWaP$YV

    aP$DQG5)SRZHUG%PYVG%PWKDQWKDWRIWKHFRQWUROGHYLFHVZLWKD PPDFWLYHDUHDGXHWRWKHLUVXSHULRUKLJKSRZHUSHUIRUPDQFHDVGLVFXVVHGLQ)LJXUHDQG7KHYDOXHVDFKLHYHGIRU5)SRZHUG%PVDWXUDWLRQSKRWRFXUUHQWaP$UHVSRQVLYLW\$: DQG HOHFWULFDO EDQGZLGWK a*+] DUH FRPSDUDEOH ZLWK WKH (&3' ZLWK 3'3VWUXFWXUH>@

    G%PP$

    I*+]

    5)3RZHUG%P

    '&3KRWRFXUUHQWP$

    3'ZLWK'%5PP

    3'ZLWK'%5PP

    3'ZLWKRXW'%5PP

    ,GHDO&XUYH

    )LJ7KH5)SRZHUYHUVXVGF SKRWRFXUUHQWRIERWKGHYLFHVZLWKDQGZLWKRXW'%5ZLWK

    WKUHH GLIIHUHQW DFWLYH DUHDV VTXDUHV PP RSHQ VTXDUHV PP RSHQ FLUFOHV PPXQGHUDIL[HG*+]RSHUDWLQJIUHTXHQF\DQGGFELDVYROWDJH9

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    7/31

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    8/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    SRZHU GLVWULEXWLRQV LQ RXU GHPRQVWUDWHG GHYLFHV 7KH VLPXODWHG WZR '(&3'V KDYH WKH

    VDPHDFWLYHDUHDVPDQGDFWLYHOHQJWKVPPEXWGLIIHUHQW/FPPDQGPP7KHYDOXHVRI/IREWDLQHGGXULQJWKHVLPXODWLRQDUHERWKDURXQGPP

    /FPP /

    FPP

    $FWLYH$UHDPP

    7RWDO

    2SWLFDO3RZHU$8

    :DYHJXLGH/HQJWKPP

    )LEHU*XLGH

    $EVRUSWLRQ5HJLRQ

    QHIIQEDU

    )LJ6LPXODWHGRSWLFDOSRZHUGLVWULEXWLRQVZLWKRXWFRQVLGHULQJWKHRSWLFDOVFDWWHULQJORVV

    IRU GHYLFHV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW FRXSOLQJ OHQJWKV DQG D IL[HG DFWLYH DUHD PP 7ULDQJOH/FPP FLUFOH /FPP 7KH DUURZKHDGV LQGLFDWH WKH UHVLGXDO RSWLFDO SRZHU DIWHUSURSDJDWLRQ WKURXJK WKH DFWLYH OHQJWK PP 7KH LQVHWV VKRZ VLPXODWHG FURVVVHFWLRQDOYLHZVRIWKHRSWLFDOPRGHDQGPRGHVSHFWUXPLQWKHILEHUJXLGHUHJLRQ

    :HFDQFOHDUO\VHHWKDWE\RSWLPL]LQJWKHYDOXHRI/ FWREHPPWKHLQMHFWHGRSWLFDOSRZHUIRU WKH DFWLYH DUHD OHQJWK FDQ EH DEVRUEHG FRPSOHWHO\ 7KH RSWLPL]HG YDOXHV RI /F IRU

    GHYLFHVZLWKWKUHHGLIIHUHQWDFWLYHDUHDVPPPPDQGPPDQGDIL[HGZDYHJXLGHZLGWKPPDUHPPDQGPUHVSHFWLYHO\7KHDFWLYHDEVRUSWLRQUHJLRQRIRXUGHYLFH KDV D W\SLFDO 87&3' VWUXFWXUH >@ 7KH DEUXSW JUDGHG SW\SH GRSLQJ SURILOH

    u FP WR u FP LQWKHDEVRUSWLRQUHJLRQLVH[SHFWHGWRPLQLPL]HWKHVSHHG\GHJUDGDWLRQSKHQRPHQRQRIRXU87&3'HVSHFLDOO\ZKHQRSHUDWLQJXQGHUDORZRXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQW >@)LJXUH VKRZV WKHPHDVXUHG UHVSRQVLYLW\ RI RXU GHYLFHV XQGHUD IL[HGELDV YROWDJH 9 DQG GLIIHUHQW SRODUL]DWLRQ VWDWHV YHUVXV GLIIHUHQW ILEHUJXLGH FOHDYHG

    OHQJWKV/I7KH/FRIDOOWKHPHDVXUHGGHYLFHVLVIL[HGDWPP:HFDQFOHDUO\VHHWKDWWKHUHVSRQVLYLW\ GHFUHDVHV DV /I LQFUHDVHV ZKLFK PD\ EH DWWULEXWHG WR WKH LQFUHDVH RI RSWLFDO

    VFDWWHULQJ ORVV ZLWK /I 7KH PHDVXUHG UHVSRQVLYLW\ RI RXU GHYLFHV ZKLFK KDYH WKH VDPHPPDFWLYHDUHDDQGGLIIHUHQWILEHUJXLGHOHQJWKVIURPPPWRPPLVDVKLJKDVDURXQG$:$:7KHUHVSRQVLYLW\ RIWKHUHSRUWHG(&3'ZLOORVFLOODWHVHULRXVO\ZLWKWKHFOHDYHGOHQJWKIURPa$:WRa$:IRUFOHDYHGOHQJWKVYDU\LQJLQWKHVDPH

    UDQJH PP WR PP >@ :H FDQ WKXV FRQFOXGH WKDW QRW RQO\ GRHV RXU GHYLFHGHPRQVWUDWHGHYLFHKLJK UHVSRQVLYLW\a$:EXW WKHFOHDYLQJWROHUDQFH LVPXFKKLJKHU

    aDURXQGPPWKDQWKDWRIUHSRUWHGSODQDUPXOWLPRGH(&3'V>@

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    9/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    7(PP

    70PP

    7(PP

    70PP

    7(PP

    70PP

    5HVSRQVLYLW\$:

    )LEHU*XLGH/HQJWKPP

    )LJ 0HDVXUHG UHVSRQVLYLW\ YHUVXV GLIIHUHQW /I IRU GHYLFHV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW DFWLYH DUHDV

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

    PP

    PP

    PP

    5HODWLYH5HVSRQVHG%

    )UHTXHQF\*+]

    &XUUHQWP$

    %LDV9

    5HODWLYH5HVSRQVH

    G%

    )UHTXHQF\*+]

    99

    9

    $FWLYH$UHDPP

    &XUUHQWP$

    )LJ0HDVXUHGIUHTXHQF\UHVSRQVHVRIGHYLFHVZLWKGLIIHUHQWDFWLYHDUHDVXQGHUDIL[HGGFELDVYROWDJH9DQGDIL[HGRXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWP$7KHLQVHWVKRZVWKHGHYLFH

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    10/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    ZLWKDQPPDFWLYHDUHDPHDVXUHGXQGHUWKUHHGLIIHUHQWGFELDVYROWDJHV99DQG9DQGPXFKORZHURXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWP$

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

    WRLWVODUJHUHOHFWULFDODQGWKHUPDOUHVLVWDQFHFRPSDUHGZLWKWKDWRIDODUJHGHYLFHP7KH YDOXHV REWDLQHG IRU VDWXUDWLRQ FXUUHQWEDQGZLGWK DUH DURXQG P$*+] IRU ERWK

    GHYLFHV,QFRPSDULVRQZLWKRWKHUUHSRUWHGKLJKSHUIRUPDQFH(&3'VZLWKD:HIIHFWLYHORDG >@ RU SDUWLDOO\ GHSOHWHG DEVRUEHUV 3'$(&3'V >@ ZLWK D :ORDG RXUGHPRQVWUDWHG GHYLFH FDQ DFKLHYH D FRPSDUDEOH EDQGZLGWKUHVSRQVLYLW\ *+]$: YV*+]$: >@ DQG *+]$: >@ DQG D KLJKHU VDWXUDWLRQ FXUUHQWEDQGZLGWKSHUIRUPDQFHP$*+]YVP$*+]>@DQGP$*+]>@

    5)3RZHUG%P

    '&3KRWRFXUUHQWP$

    9

    9

    9

    LGHDO

    $FWLYHDUHDPP

    I*+]

    G%PP$

    5)3RZHUG%P

    '&3KRWRFXUUHQWP$

    9

    9

    9LGHDO

    $FWLYHDUHDPP

    I*+]

    G%PP$

    D E

    )LJ7KH5)SRZHUYHUVXVGFSKRWRFXUUHQWRIERWKGHYLFHVZLWKDQGZLWKRXW'%5ZLWK

    WKUHH GLIIHUHQW DFWLYH DUHDV VTXDUHV P

    P

    RSHQ VTXDUHV P

    P

    RSHQ FLUFOHV P

    P

    XQGHUDIL[HG*+]RSHUDWLQJIUHTXHQF\DQGGFELDVYROWDJH9

    'RKVCZKCN.C[GT5VTWEVWTGQH*KIJ2QYGT2JQVQFKQFGU

    +PVTQFWEVKQP8OWUDKLJKVSHHGDQGKLJKRXWSXWSRZHUSHUIRUPDQFHVDUHWZRPDLQWUHQGVLQWKHSURJUHVVRIDOOVHPLFRQGXFWRUEDVHGGHYLFHVIRUWHOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ +RZHYHULQPRVWFDVHVVSHHGDQG SRZHU SHUIRUPDQFHV DUH XVXDOO\ WZRWUDGH RII SDUDPHWHUV LQ WKH GHVLJQ RI WKHVHGHYLFHV ZKLFK LQFOXGH XOWUDKLJK VSHHG 3'V >@ %\ SURSHUO\ GRZQ VFDOLQJ WKH SKRWR

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    11/31

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    12/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    DQGWKHORZHUSORWVVKRZWKHQHWHOHFWULFILHOGLQWKHDEVRUSWLRQUHJLRQ(OHFWURQDQGKROHYHORFLWLHV DUH DVVXPHG HTXDO 7KH ILHOG UHVXOWLQJ IURP WKH VHSDUDWLRQ RI WKH IUHH FKDUJHVRSSRVHVWKHEXLOWLQILHOGDQGLIWKHFKDUJHGHQVLW\LVODUJHHQRXJKPD\DFWXDOO\FDQFHOLW

    DVVKRZQLQWKHWKLUGVHWRIJUDSKV)XUWKHUEHVLGHVWKHVHIURPWKHDERYHILJXUHVZHFDQFOHDUO\VHHWKDWWKHUHJLRQZLWKWKHOHDVWHOHFWULFILHOGLVQHDUWKHFHQWHURIDEVRUSWLRQUHJLRQZKHUHWKHFDUULHUVHVSHFLDOO\IRUWKHFDVHRIKROHLQWKHORZILHOGUHJLRQZLOOWUDYHOVORZFDXVLQJDVORZFRPSRQHQWLQWKHGHYLFHSKRWRFXUUHQWUHVSRQVH)LHOGVFUHHQLQJLVVDLGWRRFFXUZKHQWKHGHYLFHUHVSRQVHLVSHUFHSWLEO\DIIHFWHG

    )LJ &RQFHSWXDOLOOXVWUDWLRQRI ILHOGVFUHHQLQJ PHFKDQLVP 6LPSOLILHG HOHFWURQDQGKROHGLVWULEXWLRQVDQGQHWHOHFWULFILHOGVLQWKHGHSOHWLRQUHJLRQDUHSORWWHGDWWKUHHWLPHVDIWHU

    SKRWRJHQHUDWLRQE\DVKRUWRSWLFDOSXOVH

    7DEOH6\PEROVDQGTXDQWLWLHVIRUHTXDWLRQ(TDQG LVWKHWUDQVFHQGHQWDOHTXDWLRQIRUVROYLQJWKHQHWPDJQLWXGHRI HOHFWULFILHOGLQWKHSKRWRDEVRUSWLRQUHJLRQDQGWKHGULIWYHORFLW\RISKRWRJHQHUDWHGKROHUHVSHFWLYHO\7KH

    uu

    uuHKROH

    EL

    9

    99 '-

    '

    $-=( ORDGEDLVHII

    uu

    SO

    SOK9

    WDQK99HIIK

    ROH

    (P

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    13/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    SK\VLFDOPHDQLQJVDQGYDOXHVRIHDFKSDUDPHWHUDUHJLYHQLQ7DEOH:HFDQFOHDOUO\VHHWKDWLQRUGHUWRLQFUHDHWKH(HIIDQGVDWXUDWLRQFXUUHQWRISKRWRGRGHZHPXVWUHGXFHWKHGHSHOHWLRQOD\HUWKLFNQHVV'RULQFUHDVHWKHFDUULHUGULIWYHORFLW\9 KROH%\LQFUHDVLQJWKH

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

    SURSHUWLHVVXFKDVORZPRELOLW\DQGORZGULIWYHORFLW\RIWKHSKRWRJHQHUDWHGKROHVKLJKSRZHUEDQGZLGWK SURGXFW SHUIRUPDQFH RI 93' W\SH :*3' W\SH DQG GLVWULEXWHG W\SH87&3'VKDYHEHHQGHPRQVWUDWHG>@

    )LJ7KHFRQFHSWXDOEDQGGLDJUDPRI87&3'

    0GCT$CNNKUVKE7PK6TCXGNKPI%CTTKGT2JQVQFKFQG0$76%2&7KH VWUXFWXUH RI 87&3' DV GLVFXVVHG EHIRUH KDV DWWUDFWHG PXFK DWWHQWLRQ GXH WR LWVH[FHOOHQW VSHHG DQG RXWSXW SRZHU SHUIRUPDQFH +RZHYHU VXFK D GHYLFH XVXDOO\ VXIIHUVIURPWKHSUREOHPRIEDQGZLGWKGHJUDGDWLRQXQGHUKLJKGFH[WHUQDOELDVYROWDJH>@GXHWRERWKWKHKLJKHOHFWULFILHOGH[LVWLQJDWWKHMXQFWLRQRIWKHFROOHFWRU&DQGSKRWRDEVRUSWLRQ

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

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    14/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    ILHOGVXIIHU OD\HU LQWR WKHFROOHFWRUOD\HU ZH FDQ SURGXFH DQ DSSURSULDWH YDOXH RI HOHFWULFILHOG LQ PRVW RI WKH FROOHFWRU OD\HUV VR DV WR VXVWDLQ D SHDN YHORFLW\ RI SKRWRJHQHUDWHGHOHFWURQVXQGHUFHUWDLQUDQJHVRIELDVYROWDJHDQGRXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQW

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uFP LQWR WKHGHSOHWHGSFKDUJHOD\HUWKHPD[LPXPHOHFWULFILHOGLQWKH,Q$O*D$VFROOHFWRUOD\HUFDQEHFRQWUROOHGWRSURGXFHDQDSSURSULDWHYDOXHDURXQGN9FPDW9ELDVWRVXVWDLQWKHRYHUVKRRWYHORFLW\RIWKHSKRWRJHQHUDWHGHOHFWURQVXQGHUDFHUWDLQUDQJHRIELDV

    )LJ7KHFRQFHSWXDOEDQGGLDJUDPRI1%87&3'

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

    ZDVDFKLHYHGZLWKPPDQGPPDFWLYHDUHDVUHVSHFWLYHO\7KHUHVSRQVLYLW\RIWKHGHYLFH ZLWK DQ PP ZDYHJXLGHGLRGH ZLGWK DQG PP PP DFWLYH DUHD DEVRUSWLRQOHQJWK FRXOG EH IXUWKHU LPSURYHG WR $: 7R RXU NQRZOHGJH WKHVH DUH WKH KLJKHVWYDOXHV HYHU UHSRUWHG IRU WKH UHVSRQVLYLW\ RI KLJKVSHHG DQG KLJK SRZHU 87&3'V >@

    )LJXUH VKRZV WKH W\SLFDOIUHTXHQF\ UHVSRQVHV RIWKH GHYLFH ZLWK D PP DFWLYH DUHDXQGHUGLIIHUHQWOHYHOVRIWKHRXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWP$P$DQGP$DQGDIL[HGGFELDV YROWDJHV9 2QH FDQ FOHDUO\ VHH WKDW XQGHU DQG P$ RSHUDWLRQ WKH HOHFWULFDO

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    15/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    EDQGZLGWKZDVDURXQG*+]:KHQWKHSKRWRFXUUHQWUHDFKHGP$WKHEDQGZLGWKRIGHYLFHLQFUHDVHGWR*+])LJXUHVKRZVWKHPHDVXUHGDQGILWWHGIUHTXHQF\UHVSRQVHV

    RIWKHGHYLFHZLWKDPPDFWLYHDUHDXQGHUP$DQGP$

    &R3ODQDU

    :DYHJXLGHD E

    'LOXWHGZDYHJXLGHOD\HUV

    $FWLYHOD\HUVRI1%87&3'

    2SWLFDOPDWFKLQJOD\HUV

    )LJ&URVVVHFWLRQDOYLHZDDQGWRSYLHZERI1%87&3'ZKLFKLQFRUSRUDWHVZLWKDQHYDQHVFHQWO\FRXSOHGRSWLFDOZDYHJXLGH

    5HODWLYH5HVSR

    QVHG%

    )UHTXHQF\*+]

    P$

    P$

    P$

    $UHDPP

    %LDV9

    )LJ7KHPHDVXUHGIUHTXHQF\UHVSRQVHVRIWKHGHYLFHZLWKD PPDFWLYHDUHDXQGHU

    GLIIHUHQWOHYHOVRIWKHRXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWDQGDIL[HGGFELDVYROWDJH9VTXDUHP$RSHQVTXDUHP$RSHQWULDQJXODUP$RXWSXW SKRWRFXUUHQW YDOXHV 7KH GF ELDV YROWDJH ZDV IL[HG DW 9 $FFRUGLQJ WR RXUVLPXODWLRQ UHVXOWV WKH EDQGZLGWK LPSURYHPHQW XQGHU KLJK FXUUHQW RSHUDWLRQ P$ LVDVVRFLDWHGWRWKHUHGXFWLRQRIWKHWUDQVSRUWWLPHDVGLVFXVVHGDERYHDQGWKHDFFDSDFLWDQFH>@ 7KH WRWDO FDSDFLWDQFH LV UHGXFHG GXH WR WKH VXEWUDFWLRQ RI WKH GLIIHUHQWLDO DF

    FDSDFLWDQFH &&DF

    G,

    G9Wu SURSRUWLRQDO WR WKH FXUUHQW IURP WKH GHSOHWLRQ FDSDFLWDQFH

    >@:KHUH9DFLVWKHRXWSXWDFYROWDJHRIGHYLFH, &LVWKHSKRWRFXUUHQWDQG &W LVWKH

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    16/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    HOHFWURQ GULIW WLPH )RU WKHFDVHRI GHPRQVWUDWHG GHYLFH VXFKHIIHFW VKRXOG EH VLJQLILFDQWGXHWRWKDWXQGHUQHDUEDOOLVWLFWUDQVSRUWWKHYDULDWLRQRIGULIWYHORFLW\WLPHYVWKHHOHFWULFILHOG9DFLVREYLRXVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHUHSRUWHGILHOGGHSHQGHQFHHOHFWURQGULIWYHORFLW\RI

    ,,,9VHPLFRQGXFWRUV2QWKHRWKHUKDQGIRUWKHFDVHRI87&3'RSHUDWHGLQWKHYHORFLW\VDWXUDWLRQUHJLPHVXFKHIIHFWFDQDOPRVWEHQHJOHFWHGGXHWRWKHIDFWWKDWHOHFWURQYHORFLW\LVLQVHQVLWLYHWRWKHHOHFWULFILHOG,QRXUEDQGZLGWKVLPXODWLRQPRGHOZHWKXVXVHGGLIIHUHQW

    P$0HDVXUHG

    P$0HDVXUHG

    P$)LWWHG

    P$)LWWHG5HODWLY

    H5HVSRQVHG%

    )UHTXHQF\*+]

    $UHDPP

    %LDV9

    )LJ 7KH PHDVXUHG DQG ILWWHG IUHTXHQF\UHVSRQVHV RIWKH GHYLFH ZLWK D PPDFWLYHDUHDXQGHUGLIIHUHQWRXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWYDOXHVDQGDIL[HGGFELDVYROWDJH9VTXDUHPHDVXUHGWUDFHXQGHUP$RSHUDWLRQFLUFOHPHDVXUHGWUDFHXQGHUP$RSHUDWLRQRSHQVTXDUHILWWHGWUDFHXQGHUP$RSHUDWLRQRSHQFLUFOHILWWHGWUDFHXQGHUP$RSHUDWLRQ

    GULIWYHORFLWLHVDQGWKHYDULDWLRQRIVORSHVRIHOHFWURQGULIWYHORFLW\YVWKHHOHFWULFILHOGLQ,Q*D$V PDWHULDO WR URXJKO\ HVWLPDWH WKH UHGXFWLRQ RI WRWDO FDSDFLWDQFH DQG ILW WKHPHDVXUHG IUHTXHQF\ UHVSRQVHV )LJXUH VKRZV WKH ILWWHG DQG PHDVXUHG PLFURZDYH 6

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

    *+]HYHQZLWKDPXFKODUJHUGHYLFHVL]HPPYVa PPDQGUHVSRQVLYLW\7KLVLPSOLHVWKDWWKH1%87&3'FDQDFKLHYHEHWWHURXWSXWSRZHUDQGUHVSRQVLYLW\SHUIRUPDQFHZLWKDODUJHUGHYLFHVL]HZLWKRXWVDFULILFLQJVSHHGVHULRXVO\GXHWRWKHVXSHULRUWUDQVSRUWSURSHUW\RI SKRWRJHQHUDWHG HOHFWURQV 7KHWUDFHVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHUHSUHVHQWWKHSKRWRJHQHUDWHG5)SRZHUYVGF SKRWRFXUUHQWRIWKH1%87&3'XQGHUGLIIHUHQWELDVYROWDJHV99DQG9

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    17/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    0P$

    0P$

    )P$

    )P$

    )UHTXHQF\'&WR*+] )LJ7KHPHDVXUHGDQGWKHILWWHG6SDUDPHWHUVRIWKHGHYLFHZLWKDPPDFWLYHDUHDXQGHUGLIIHUHQWOHYHOVRIRXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWP$DQGP$DQGDIL[HGGFELDVYROWDJH97KHWZRVROLGOLQHVUHSUHVHQWWKHPHDVXUHG6XQGHUP$DQGP$7UDFHVZLWKRSHQ

    FLUFOH DQG FORVH WULDQJOH V\PEROV UHSUHVHQW WKH ILWWHG UHVXOWV XQGHU P$ DQG P$UHVSHFWLYHO\7KHRSHUDWLQJIUHTXHQF\ZDVIL[HGDW*+]7KHLGHDOUHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKH5)SRZHURID PRGXODWHG ODUJHVLJQDO DQG WKH DYHUDJH FXUUHQW RQ D ORDG LV DOVR SORWWHG DV DVWUDLJKWOLQHIRUUHIHUHQFH)RUWKHFDVHRID9ELDVWKHWUDFHVRIWKHGHYLFHZLWKGLIIHUHQW

    DFWLYHDUHDVPPDQGPPDUHDOVRVKRZQIRUWKHSXUSRVHRIFRPSDULVRQ6LQFHWKHEDQGZLGWKRIWKHGHYLFHZLWKDPPDFWLYHDUHDLQFUHDVHVDVWKHSKRWRFXUUHQWLQFUHDVHVVLJQLILFDQWO\XQGHUD9ELDVWKHRXWSXW5)SRZHULVFORVHUWRWKHLGHDOOLQHWKDQLVWKHFDVHZLWKDORZSKRWRFXUUHQW

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

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    18/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    NH\SRLQWWRSXUVXLWWKHXOWLPDWHKLJKVDWXUDWLRQFXUUHQWEDQGZLGWKSURGXFWRIWKH3'LVWRGRZQVFDOHWKHDUHDRIWKHSKRWRDEVRUSWLRQDFWLYHDUHDDQGWKHWKLFNQHVVRIWKHGHSOHWLRQOD\HU +RZHYHU GHYLFHKHDWLQJ >@ DQG KLJK SDUDVLWLF UHVLVWDQFH FRXOG EHFRPH SUREOHPV

    ZKLFKZRXOG VHULRXVO\ OLPLWWKH VDWXUDWLRQ FXUUHQW RID 3'ZLWKVXFKD VPDOODFWLYH DUHDa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

    RXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWYV00:SRZHURI1%87&3'ZLWKDPPDFWLYHDUHDUHVSHFWLYHO\7KH PHDVXUHG VDWXUDWLRQFXUUHQW EDQGZLGWK SURGXFW LV D UHFRUGKLJK RYHU P$*+]!*+] P$ 7KLV LV VXSHULRU WR DOO YDOXHV UHSRUWHG IRU KLJKSHUIRUPDQFH

    HYDQHVFHQWO\FRXSOHG SLQ 3'VP$*+] *+]P$ >@ SDUDOOHOIHG WUDYHOLQJZDYHSKRWRGHWHFWRUVP$*+]*+]P$>@DQG87&3'V!P$*+]>@P$*+]>@XQGHUWKHVLPLODUKHWHURG\QHEHDWLQJ&:PHDVXUHPHQW

    P P

    Z

    W W

    P

    P

    P PP

    P

    )LJD7RSYLHZRIWKH1%87&3'EFRQFHSWXDOFURVVVHFWLRQDOYLHZRIWKH1%87&3'F1%87&3'DIWHUIOLSFKLSERQGLQJGDQGIOLSFKLSERQGLQJSHGHVWDO)LJ D 7KH PHDVXUHG DQG ILWWHG 2( IUHTXQHF\ UHVSRVQH RI 1%87&3' ZLWK 93'

    VWUXFWXUH'HYLFH&DQG'KDYHPPDQGPPDFWLYHDUHDVUHVSHFWLYHO\

    )UHTXHQF\*+]

    &0HDVXUHG

    '0HDVXUHG

    &)LWWHG

    ')LWWHG%LDV9ROWDJH9

    3KRWRFXUUHQWP$

    :LWK&HQWHU%RQGLQJ3DG

    :2&HQWHU%RQGLQJ3DG

    ,GHDO&XUYH

    2XWSXW3RZHUG%P

    3KRWRFXUUHQWP$

    'HYLFH'

    P$G%P

    8QGHU:/RDG

    %LDVDW9

    D E

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    19/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    2CTVKCNN[&GRNGVGF2&U7KLQQJWKHDEVRUSWLRQOD\HUWKLFNQHVV>@RUXVLQJWKHSW\SHDEVRUSWLRQOD\HU>@VXFKDVWKHFDVHRI87&3'DUHERWKSRVVLEOHZD\VWRLQFUHDVHWKHVDWXUDWLRQSRZHURI3'KRZHYHU

    WKHTXDQWXPHIILFLHQF\SHUIRUPDQFHRI3'VDUHXVXDOO\VDFULILFHGGXHWRLWVWKLQLQWULQVLFOD\HURUWKHUHFRPELQDWLRQSURFHVVRISKRWRJHQHUDWHGFDUULHUVLQWKHSKRWRDEVRUSWLRQOD\HUZLWK SW\SH GRSDQW >@ 5HFHQWO\ VRPH UHVHDUFK JURXSV KDYH GHPRQVWUDWHG D QHZSKRWRGLRGH GHVLJQ WKDW FRPELQHV WKH GHSOHWHG DQG QHXWUDO DEVRUSWLRQ OD\HUV SW\SHGRSLQJ WR PD[LPL]H WKH EDQGZLGWKHIILFLHQF\ SURGXFW RI SKRWRGLRGH >@ ([FHOOHQWEDQGZLGWK

    )LJ7KHFRQFHSWXDOSLFWXUHZKLFKLOOXVWUDWHZK\WKDWWKH3'3VWUXFWXUHFDQKDYHKLJKHUVWDXUDWLRQFXUUHQWWKDQWKDWRIDWUDGLWLRQDOSLQGLRGHRYHU *+] DQG HIILFLHQF\ SHUIRUPDQFH $: KDYH EHHQ GHPRQVWUDWHG E\ XVH RIVXFK WHFKQLTXH ZLWK WKH VWUXFWXUH RI YHUWLFDOLOOXPLQDWHG 3' )LJXUH VKRZV WKH

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

    '

    7KLFNLQWULQVLFDEVRUSWLRQ OD\HU

    -PD[9ELDV9KROH'

    '' -PD[!!-PD[

    &%

    9%

    $QRGH

    &DWKRGH

    $EVRUSWLRQ

    OD\HULQWULQVLF

    '

    &%

    9%

    $QRGH

    &DWKRGH

    $EVRUSWLRQ

    OD\HULQWULQVLF

    7KLQLQWULQVLFDEVRUSWLRQ OD\HU

    -PD[9ELDV9KROH'

    '' -PD[!!-PD[

    3DUWLDOO\3GRSHGDEVRUSWLRQOD\HU

    '

    &%

    9%

    $EVRUSWLRQOD\HU

    3GRSLQJ

    $QRGH

    &DWKRGH'LIIXVLRQEORFN

    $EVRUSWLRQ

    OD\HULQWULQVLF

    +LJK6DWXUDWLRQ&XUUHQW

    +LJK5HVSRQVLYLW\

    +LJK6SHHG

    :LWKRXWVDFULILFLQJWKH

    DEVRUSWLRQWKLFNQHVV

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    20/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

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

    KDVDSXUHLQWULQVLFSKRWRDEVRUSWLRQOD\HU7KHUDWLRRISGRSHGWRXQGRSHGOD\HUWKLFNQHVVRIGHYLFH$KDVEHHQRSWLPL]HGGXHWRWKHWUDGHRIIEHWZHHQ5&WLPHFRQVWDQWDQGGULIWWLPHRISKRWRJHQHUDWHGFDUULHUV>@)LJXUHVKRZVWKHVLPXODWLRQUHVXOW$VFDQEHVHHQE\FKRRVLQJWKDWWKHUDWLRRISW\SHOD\HUWKLFNQHVVRYHUWKHWRWDODEVRUSWLRQOD\HUWKLFNQHVV

    ZKLFK LV IL[HG DW PP HTXDOV WR ZH FDQ JHW D RSWLPL]HG VSHHG SHUIRUPDQFH 7KHPHDVXUHG'&UHVSRQVLYLW\RIERWKGHYLFHVDUHWKHVDPHDV$:7KHPHDVXUHGIUHTXHQF\UHVSRQVHVDQGIG%HOHFWULFDOEDQGZLGWKVRIGHYLFH$DQG%DUHVKRZQLQ)LJD'HYLFH$

    DQG%KDYHWKHVDPHVL]HVRIDFWLYHDUHD PPXQGHUWKHVDPHGFELDVYROWDJH9DQGRXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWP$$FFRUGLQJWRWKHPHDVXUHPHQWUHVXOWVZHFDQFOHDUO\VHHWKDWGHYLFH$ZLWKSDUWLDOO\SGRSHGSKRWRDEVRUSWLRQOD\HUKDVVXSHULRUHOHFWULFDOEDQGZLGWK

    P$

    P$

    P$

    )UHTXHQF\*+]

    5DWLRSGRSHGXQGRSHG

    %DLV9DOWDJH9

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    21/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    )LJ D 7KH PHDVXUHG IUHTXHQF\ UHVSRQVHV RI GHYLFH $ DQG % XQGHU WKH VDPH KLJK

    RXWSXWFXUUHQWP$DQGGFELDVYROWDJH97KHDFWLYHDUHDRIGHYLFH$DQG%LVDERXWPP E 5) SRZHU YHUVXV GF SKRWRFXUUHQW RI GHYLFH $ DQG GHYLFH % XQGHU GLIIHUHQWUHYHUVHELDVYROWDJHVFORVHWULDQJOH9RIGHYLFH$RSHQWULDQJOH9RIGHYLFH%FORVHFLUFOH 9 RI GHYLFH $ RSHQ FLUFOH 9 RI GHYLFH % DW *+] RSHUDWLQJ IUHTXHQF\ 7KH

    DFWLYHDUHDRIERWKGHYLFHVLVPPSHUIRUPDQFH a*+] YV a*+] HVSHFLDOO\ XQGHU KLJK FXUUHQW P$ DQG ORZ ELDVYROWDJH RSHUDWLRQ 9 )LJ E VKRZV WKH SKRWRJHQHUDWHG 5) SRZHU YHUVXV GF

    SKRWRFXUUHQWRIGHYLFH$DQG%ZLWKWKHVDPHDFWLYHDUHD PPXQGHUGLIIHUHQWUHYHUVHELDV YROWDJHV 9 DQG 9 $V WKLV ILJXUH LQGLFDWHV ERWK GHYLFHV H[KLELW VLJQLILFDQWVDWXUDWLRQ EHKDYLRUV XQGHU ORZ ELDV YROWDJH 9 DQG KLJK FXUUHQW RSHUDWLRQ aP$

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

    5GRCTCVGF6TCPURQTV4GEQODKPCVKQP2&U%DVHGRQHTXDWLRQGRZQVFDOLQJWKHGHSOHWLRQOD\HUWKLFNQHVVLVWKHPRVWVWUDLJKWIRUZDUGZD\WRLQFUHDVHWKHVDWXUDWLRQSRZHURIDSKRWRGLRGH>@GXHWRWKHVKRUWHQLQJRIFDUULHU

    GULIWWLPH+RZHYHU3'VZLWKWKLQGHSOHWLRQOD\HUVXVXDOO\VXIIHUIURPWKHSUREOHPVRIORZTXDQWXPHIILFLHQF\DQGYHU\OLPLWHG5&EDQGZLGWK$VGLVFXVVHGEHIRUH3'3VWUXFWXUHLVRQH NLQG RI VWUXFWXUH WR RYHUFRPH WKH DERYHPHQWLRQHG SUREOHPV KRZHYHU LWV VSHHGSHUIRUPDQFH PD\ VWLOO EH OLPLWHG E\ WKH GULIWGLIIXVLRQ WLPH RI FDUULHUV $ QRYHO SLQSKRWRGLRGHVWUXFWXUHWKH6HSDUDWHG7UDQVSRUW5HFRPELQDWLRQSKRWRGLRGH6753'ZKLFKFDQJUHDWO\UHOLHYHWKHWUDGHRIIVDPRQJRXWSXWVDWXUDWLRQSRZHUTXDQWXPHIILFLHQF\ DQGHOHFWULFDO EDQGZLGWK SHUIRUPDQFH KDYH EHHQ GHPRQVWDUWHG WR IXUWKHU LPSUYH WKH VSHHGSHUIRUPDQFH>@,QWKHGHPRQVWUDWHG*D$VEDVHG6753'WKH/7**D$VOD\HUZKLFKKDVDQ H[WUHPHO\ VKRUW FDUULHU OLIHWLPH OHVV WKDQ SV >@ LV DGRSWHG WR VHUYH DV WKHUHFRPELQDWLRQFHQWHULQWKHDFWLYHSKRWRDEVRUSWLRQUHJLRQDQGIXWKHUEUHDNWKHEDQGZGLWK

    $

    %

    %LDV9ROWDJH9

    3KRWRFXUUHQWP$

    $FWLYH$UHDPP

    G%

    5HODWLYH5HVSRQVHG%

    )UHTXHQF\*+]

    %9

    $9

    %9

    $9

    '&SKRWRFXUUHQWP$

    *+]2XWSXW5)3RZH

    UG%P

    I*+]$FWLYHDUHDPP

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    22/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    OLPLWDWLRQRIGULIWGLIIXVLRQWLPHRISKRWRJHQHDUWHGFDUUHLHUV)LJXUHVKRZVDFRQFHSWXDOEDQGGLDJUDPRIWKH6753'7KH/7**D$VOD\HUZLWKDQH[WUHPHO\VKRUW

    )LJ7KHFRQFHSWXDOEDQGGLDJUDPRIWKHGHPRQVWUDWHG6753'FDUULHUOLIHWLPH>@VHUYHVDVDUHFRPELQDWLRQFHQWHUVDQGZLFKHGEHWZHHQWZRKLJKTXDOLW\

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

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    23/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    93'VDVGLVFXVVHGEHIRUH$PRGHORFNHG7LVDSSKLUHODVHUZKLFKKDVDFHQWHUZDYHOHQJWKRIQPDVWKHOLJKWVRXUFHIRUGFSKRWRFXUUHQWDQGDFWUDQVLHQWPHDVXUHPHQWV)LJXUHD DQG E VKRZV WKH ):+0 RI WKH PHDVXUHG LPSXOVH UHVSRQVHV YHUVXV UHYHUVH ELDV

    YROWDJHUHVSHFWLYHO\$VWKHGLDJUDPVLQGLFDWHGHYLFH$DFKLHYHGEHWWHUVSHHGSHUIRUPDQFHWKDQ GHYLFH % HVSHFLDOO\ XQGHU D KLJK RXWSXW SKRWRFXUUHQW DQG ORZ GF ELDV YROWDJH)XUWKHUPRUH ZH FDQ FOHDUO\ VHH WKDW LQ WKH FDVH RI GHYLFH $ WKH PHDVXUHG ):+0 ZDVLQVHQVLWLYHWRERWKWKHUHYHUVHELDVYROWDJHVa9DQGLQSXWRSWLFDOSRZHUP:P:$VVKRZQLQ)LJEWKHOLIHWLPHLQFUHDVLQJHIIHFWRIWKHWUDGLWLRQDO/7**D$VEDVHGSLQSKRWRGLRGHXQGHUDKLJKGFELDVYROWDJH>@LVHOLPLQDWHGLQRXUQRYHOVWUXFWXUHGXHWRWKHFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIWKHDSSOLHGHOHFWULFILHOGLQWKH*D$VEDVHGWUDQVSRUWOD\HUV

    )LJ7KHQRUPDOL]HGLPSXOVHUHVSRQVHVRIGHYLFH$DDQGGHYLFH%EZLWKDPPDFWLYH DUHD XQGHU D IL[HG RSWLFDO SXPSLQJ SRZHU P: DQG GLIIHUHQW UHYHUVH ELDVYROWDJHV999

    6JG#RRNKECVKQPQH*KIJ2QYGT2&UVQ41(%QOOWPKECVKQP5[UVGO

    *KIJ2QYGT2&HQT4Q(%QOOWPKECVKQPCPF0QPNKPGT2JQVQFGVGEVKQP5EJGOG$VGLVFXVVHG LQWKH LQWURGXFWLRQ WKH NLOOHU DSSOLFDWLRQ RIKLJK SRZHU3' LVLQ WKH 5R)FRPPXQLFDWLRQV\VWHP,QWKLVV\VWHPKLJKSRZHU3'LVXVHGIRUFRQYHUWLQJWKHLQWHQVHRSWLFDO SRZHU WR VWURQJ 00: VLJQDO DQG WKHQ UDGLDWLQJ LW WR WKH XVHUHQG LQ ODVWPLOH3KRWRQLFWUDQVPLWWHU>@37ZKLFKLVFRPSRVHGRIDKLJKSRZHU3'DQGSULQWHGFLUFXLW DQWHQQD KDV WKXV EHHQ GHPRQVWUDWHG WR PDWFK VXFK DSSOLFDWLRQ )XWKHUPRUH WKHQRQOLQHDU SKRWRGHWHFWLRQ VFKHPH >@ RI KLJKSRZHU 3' LV XVXDOO\ DGRSWHG LQ 5R)V\VWHPWRHOLPLQDWHWKHQHFHVVLW\RI00:HOHFWURQLFPL[HUDQGUHPRWHVLJQDOUHJHQHUDWLRQ>@,QWKLVVHFWLRQZHZLOOUHYLHZVHYHUDONLQGVRISKRWRQLFWUDQVPLWWHUDQGLQWURGXFHWKH

    QRQOLQHDURSHUDWLRQRI1%87&3'EDVHG37IRUWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRI:EDQG5R)V\VWHP2JQVQPKE6TCPUOKUVVGT)LJXUHDDQGEVKRZVDWRSYLHZRIWKHGHPRQVWUDWHG37VWKURXJKWKHXVHRIIOLSFKLSERQGLQJK\EULGDQGPRQROLWKLFLQWHJUDWLRQRI3'VZLWKDQWHQQDUHVSHFWLYHO\

    ):+0SV

    1RUPDOL]HG$P

    SOLWXGH

    7LPHSV

    'HYLFH$9

    'HYLFH$9

    'HYLFH$9

    ):+0SV

    1RUPDOL]HG$P

    SOLWXGH

    7LPHVSV

    'HYLFH%9

    'HYLFH%9

    'HYLFH%9

    D E

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    24/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    )LJ D 7RSYLHZ RI WKH IOLSFKLS ERQGLQJ DQG E PRQROLWKLF LQWHJUDWHG SKRWRQLFWUDQVPLWWHUV,Q)LJDWKHLQWHJUDWHGDFWLYH3'LV1%87&3'DQGWKHSDVVLYHDQWHQQDLVTXDVL@7KHDFWLYH1%87&3'LVIOLSFKLSERQGHGZLWKDQWHQQDRQ DQ $O1 VXEVWDUWH $V FRPSDUHG WR WKH UHSRUWHG 87&3' EDVHG 37 ZLWK WDSHUVORW

    DQWHQQD 76$ DOVR ZLWK HQGILUH SDWWHUQ WKH VL]H RI RXU TXDVL@ KDVFRPSDUDEOH GLUHFWLYLW\ aG% DQG LV PRUH FRPSDFW WKDQ WKDW RI 76$ ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKHTXDVL\DJLDQWHQQDLVPRUHLPPXQHWRWKHVXEVWDUWHPRGHVZKLFKVKRXOGEHDVHULRXVLVVXHRI DQWHQQD ZKHQ WKH RSHUDWLQJ IUHTXHQF\ LV RYHU *+] WKDQ WKRVH RI RWKHU NLQGV RISODQDUDQWHQQDVXFKDVGLSROHVORWDQG76$>@,Q)LJXUHWKHLQWHJDUWHGDFWLYH3'LV6753'DQGWKHDQWHQQDLVFLUFXODUGLVNPRQRSROHDQWHQQDZLWKEURDGVLGHSDWWHUQ>@%\XVHRIVXFK37XQGHUQPIHPWRVHFRQG7LVDSSKLUHPRGHORFNHGODVHUH[FLWDWLRQKLJKUDGLDWHG SHDN SRZHU ZLWKRXW XVLQJ 6L VXEVWDUWHOHQV FDQ EH DFKLHYHG >@ $V GLVFXVVHGEHIRUH 1%87&3' KDV VWURQJ ELDV GHSHQGHQW VSHHG SHUIRUPDQFH %\ XVH RI VXFKFKDUDFWHULVWLFVKLJKSRZHUDQGORZXSFRQYHUVLRQORVVRSWRHOHFWURQLFPL[HUZKLFKLVXVHGIRU QRQOLQHDU SKRWRGHWHFWLRQ V\VWHP >@ KDVEHHQ GHPRQVWUDWHG >@&RPSDUHG ZLWK

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

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    25/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    DQGWKHQIHGLQWRDKLJKVSHHGUHDOWLPHVFRSHSULRUWRSHUIRUPLQJRIIOLQHVLJQDOSURFHVVLQJ

    2SWLFDO00:6RXUFH

    1%87&3'

    (OHFWULFDO$PSOLILHU

    60)

    /HQVHG )LEHU

    $WW(')$

    (OHFWULFDO$WW

    (OHFWULFDO0L[HU

    *+]/2LQSXW

    *EV35%66LJQDO

    *HQHUDWRU

    :EDQG/1$ :EDQG

    3RZHU'HWHFWRU

    6DPSOLQJ6FRSH

    &ORFN

    ,)$PSOLILHU

    ,)LQSXW

    2SWLFDOSDWK

    (OHFWULFDOSDWK

    %36.,)LQSX W

    0EV$UELWUDU\:DYHIRUP*HQHUDWRU

    436.6LJQDO

    *HQHUDWRU

    436.,)LQSXW

    :DYHOHQJWKQP

    G%

    )LJ7KHV\VWHPVHWXSIRU%36.RU436.GDWDWUDQVPLVVLRQ

    D

    4

    ,

    E F,

    4

    7LPHQV 7LPHQV

    $PSOLWXGH9

    $PSOLWXGH9

    )LJD&RQVWHOODWLRQRIWKH*EVHF436.VLJQDO(\HGLDJUDPVRI WKH*EV436.VLJQDOE,F4

    )LJXUH D VKRZV WKH FRQVWHOODWLRQ RI WKH UHFHLYHG *EV 436. VLJQDO ZKHQ WKHRXWSXWSKRWRFXUUHQWLVP$ZKLOHEDQGFVKRZWKHGLJLWDOVLJQDOSURFHVVLQJ'63UHFRQVWUXFWHG,DQG4H\HGLDJUDPV7KHFRUUHVSRQGLQJ(90LVDURXQG

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    26/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    %QPENWUKQP

    7KHPRWLYDWLRQIRUGHYHORSLQJKLJKSRZHUDQGKLJKVSHHG3'VDULVHVIURPWKHSRZHUDQG

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

    ,QWKHWKLUGSDUWRIWKLVFKDSWHUZHGLVVFXVVHGWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIRQHNLQGRIKLJKSRZHU3'1%87&3'DQGSKRWRQLFWUDQVPLWWHUWRWKH5R)FRPPXQLFDWLRQV\VWHP%\XVHRIWKHELDVPRGXDOWLRQ WHFKQLTXH RQ 1%87&3' WKH 436. DQG %36. ZLUOHVV GDWD WUDQVPLVVLRQ DW*+]IUHTXHQF\KDVEHHQVXFFHVVIXOO\GHPRQVWDUWHG

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    27/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    4GHGTGPEGU

    >@$ +LUDWD 7 .RVXJL + 7DNDKDVKL 5 @$-6HHGVDQG.-:LOOLDPV0LFURZDYH3KRWRQLFV-RI/LJKWZDYH7HFKQROYROSS'HF

    >@. .DWR 8OWUDZLGH%DQG+LJK)UHTXHQF\ 3KRWRGHWHFWRUV ,((( 7UDQV 0LFURZDYH7KHRU\7HFKYROSS-XO

    >@+,WR6.RGDPD@7+6WLHYDWHUDQG.-:LOOLDPV7KHUPDOO\,QGXFHG1RQOLQHDULWLHVLQ+LJK6SHHGSLQ

    3KRWRGHWHFWRUV,(((3KRWRQ7HFKQRO/HWWYROSS-DQ>@);LD-.7KRPVRQ05*RNKDOH396WXGHQNRY-:HL:/LQDQG65)RUUHVW

    $DV\PPHWULFWZLQZDYHJXLGH KLJKEDQGZLGWK SKRWRGLRGHXVLQJDODWHUDOWDSHUFRXSOHU,(((3KRWRQ7HFKQRO/HWWYROSS$XJ

    >@6'HPLJXHO1/L;/L;=KHQJ-.LP-&&DPSEHOO+/XDQG$$QVHOP9HU\+LJK5HVSRQVLYLW\ (YDQHVFHQWO\ &RXSOHG 3KRWRGLRGHV,QWHJUDWLQJD 6KRUW 3ODQDU0XOWLPRGH :DYHJXLGH IRU +LJK6SHHG $SSOLFDWLRQV ,(((3KRWRQ7HFKQRO/HWWYROSS'HF

    >@@-:6KL+&+VX)++XDQJ:6/LX-,&K\L-D@/

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    28/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    5HVSRQVLYLW\ 3URGXFW 3HUIRUPDQFH ,(((3KRWRQ7HFKQRO/HWW YRO SS -XQH

    >@@@( /DFK DQG . 6FKXK 5HFHQW $GYDQFHV LQ 8OWUDKLJK %LW 5DWH (7'0 7UDQVPLVVLRQ

    6\VWHPV-/LJKWZDYH7HFKQROYROSS'HF>@$ %HOLQJ +HLQ]*XQWHU %DFK * * 0HNRQQHQ 5 .XQNHO DQG ' 6FKPLGW

    0LQLDWXUL]HGZDYHJXLGHLQWHJUDWHGSLQSKRWRGHWHFWRUZLWK*+]EDQGZLGWKDQGKLJKUHVSRQVLYLW\,(((3KRWRQ7HFKQRO/HWWYROSS2FW

    >@@-: 6KL &@7,VKLEDVKL1RQHTXLOLEULXP(OHFWURQ7UDQVSRUW+%7V,(((7UDQVRQ(OHFWURQ'HYLFHVYROSS1RY

    >@* :DQJ 7 7RNXPLWVX , +DQDZD . 6DWR DQG 0 .RED\DVKL $ 7LPH'HOD\

    (TXLYDOHQW&LUFXLW 0RGHO RI 8OWUDIDVW SLQ 3KRWRGLRGHV ,(((7UDQV0LFURZDYH7KHRU\7HFKYROSS$SULO>@1 /L + &KHQ1 'XDQ0 /LX 6'HPLJXHO 56LGKX $ / +ROPHV -U DQG - &

    &DPSEHOO+LJK3RZHU3KRWRGLRGH:DIHU%RQGHGWR6L8VLQJ$X:LWK,PSURYHG5HVSRQVLYLW\DQG2XWSXW3RZHU ,(((3KRWRQ7HFKQRO/HWW YROSS'HF

    >@1/L;/L6'HPLJXHO;=KHQJ-&&DPSEHOO'$7XOFKLQVN\.-:LOOLDPV7',VVKLNL * 6 .LQVH\ DQG 5 6XGKDUVDQVDQ +LJK6DWXUDWLRQ&XUUHQW &KDUJH&RPSHQVDWHG ,Q*D$V,Q3 8QL7UDYHOLQJ&DUULHU 3KRWRGLRGH ,((( 3KRWRQ7HFKQRO/HWWYRO0DUSS

    www.intechopen.com

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    29/31

    *KIJ5RGGF*KIJ2QYGTCPF*KIJ4GURQPUKXKV[2JQVQFKQFGHQT4CFKQ1XGT(KDGT41(%QOOWPKECVKQP

    >@@0 7VXFKL\D DQG 7 +RVLGD 1RQOLQHDU 3KRWRGHWHFWLRQ 6FKHPH DQG ,WV 6\VWHP$SSOLFDWLRQV WR )LEHU2SWLF 0LOOLPHWHU:DYH :LUHOHVV 'RZQ/LQNV ,(((7UDQV0LFURZDYH7KHRU\7HFKYRO

    >@+)XVKLPL7)XUXWD7,VKLEDVKLDQG+,WR3KRWRUHVSRQVH1RQOLQHDULW\RID8QL7UDYHOLQJ&DUULHU 3KRWRGLRGH DQG ,WV $SSOLFDWLRQ WR 2SWRHOHFWURQLF 0LOOLPHWHU:DYH0L[LQJLQ*+]%DQG-SQ-$SSO3K\VYROSS//-XO\

    >@+&&KLHQ$&KRZGKXU\[email protected]:5'HDO@@-: 6KL

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    30/31

    1RVKECN(KDTG0GY&GXGNQROGPVU

    >@$ +LUDWD 7 )XUXWD + ,WR DQG 7 1DJDWVXPD *EV 0LOOLPHWHU:DYH 6LJQDO*HQHUDWLRQ8VLQJ3KRWRGLRGH%LDV0RGXODWLRQ-RI/LJKWZDYH7HFKQROYROSS$SULO

    >@376KLK&7/LQ:--LDQJ(=:RQJ-&KHQ6&KL

  • 7/30/2019 InTech-High Speed High Power and High Responsivity Photodiode for Radio Over Fiber Rof Communication

    31/31

    Optical Fiber New Developments

    Edited by Christophe Lethien

    ISBN 978-953-7619-50-3

    Hard cover, 586 pages

    Publisher InTech

    Published online 01, December, 2009

    Published in print edition December, 2009

    InTech Europe

    University Campus STeP RiSlavka Krautzeka 83/A

    51000 Rijeka, Croatia

    Phone: +385 (51) 770 447

    Fax: +385 (51) 686 166

    www.intechopen.com

    InTech China

    Unit 405, Office Block, Hotel Equatorial ShanghaiNo.65, Yan An Road (West), Shanghai, 200040, China

    Phone: +86-21-62489820

    Fax: +86-21-62489821

    The optical fibre technology is one of the hop topics developed in the beginning of the 21th century and could

    substantially benefit applications dealing with lighting, sensing and communication systems. Many

    improvements have been made in the past years to reduce the fibre attenuation and to improve the fibre

    performance. Nowadays, new applications have been developed over the scientific community and this bookfits this paradigm. It summarizes the current status of know-how in optical fibre applications and represents a

    further source of information dealing with two main topics: the development of fibre optics sensors, and the

    application of optical fibre for telecommunication systems.

    How to reference

    In order to correctly reference this scholarly work, feel free to copy and paste the following:

    J.-W. Shi, F.-M. Kuo and Y.-S. Wu (2009). High-Speed, High-Power, and High Responsivity Photodiode for

    Radio-Over-Fiber (ROF) Communication, Optical Fiber New Developments, Christophe Lethien (Ed.), ISBN:

    978-953-7619-50-3, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/optical-fiber-new-

    developments/high-speed-high-power-and-high-responsivity-photodiode-for-radio-over-fiber-rof-

    communication