Intake and Output Measurements

Intake and Output Measurements

Why measure I & O?Why measure I & O?

Measuring and recording all liquid intake and output during a 24-hour period helps to complete the assessment data base for fluid and electrolyte balance

Measuring and recording all liquid intake and output during a 24-hour period helps to complete the assessment data base for fluid and electrolyte balance

DehydrationDehydration

An excessive loss of water from the body tissues.

Dehydration disturbs the balance of essential electrolytes: K+, Na+, Cl-

Causes: ________

An excessive loss of water from the body tissues.

Dehydration disturbs the balance of essential electrolytes: K+, Na+, Cl-

Causes: ________

OverhydrationOverhydration

Marked by an excess of water in the extracellular fluid.

Is a symptom of liver, renal, or cardiovascular disease

2 types: Hypervolemia Edema

Marked by an excess of water in the extracellular fluid.

Is a symptom of liver, renal, or cardiovascular disease

2 types: Hypervolemia Edema

Assessment for Alterations of Fluid and Electrolyte

Balance

Assessment for Alterations of Fluid and Electrolyte

Balance Nursing History

Physical Exam

Fluid Intake and Output Record

Laboratory studies Electrolytes, CBC, Urine specific gravity,

osmolarity

Nursing History

Physical Exam

Fluid Intake and Output Record

Laboratory studies Electrolytes, CBC, Urine specific gravity,

osmolarity

Nursing DiagnosesNursing Diagnoses

Fluid Volume Deficits Excess fluid volume Impaired skin integrity Ineffective tissue perfusion Impaired gas exchange Decreased cardiac output

Fluid Volume Deficits Excess fluid volume Impaired skin integrity Ineffective tissue perfusion Impaired gas exchange Decreased cardiac output

Nursing InterventionsNursing Interventions

Daily Weights Intake and Output Measurements Enteral Replacement of Fluids Restriction of Fluids Parenteral Replacement of Fluids

and Electrolytes

Daily Weights Intake and Output Measurements Enteral Replacement of Fluids Restriction of Fluids Parenteral Replacement of Fluids

and Electrolytes