Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact
description
Transcript of Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact
![Page 1: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence
From Blue Sky to Business Impact
Kris Pister
Prof. EECS, UC Berkeley
Co-Director, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center
Founder & CTO, Dust Networks
![Page 2: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Outline
• The Past
• What Went Wrong
• Technology Status
• Applications
• Technology Directions
![Page 3: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Goals
• Smart Dust, 1997--2002– 1 mm3
• Low power
• Wireless Sensor Networks, 2002--2007– Reliability: >99.9% with latency bound– Power: 5-10 years on batteries for all motes– Security: strongest link?
• WSN, 2007--– Standards: WiHART, IETF, IEEE– Applications
![Page 4: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Autonomous Microsensor Networks with Optical Communication Links
• PI: Kris Pister
• Source: Hughes (MICRO)
• Funding: $25k, $10k matching, 0% ovhd,
• Duration: 1 year
• Comments: Collaboration w/ Prof. Joe Kahn under separate MICRO
UC Berkeley, 1997
![Page 5: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
COTS DustGOAL:
• Get our feet wet
RESULT:
• Cheap, easy, off-the-shelf RF systems
• Fantastic interest in cheap, easy, RF:– Industry
– Berkeley Wireless Research Center
– Center for the Built Environment (IUCRC)
– PC Enabled Toys (Intel)
• Fantastic RF problems
• Optical proof of concept
UC Berkeley, 2000
![Page 6: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Berkeley Demos – 2001
Intel Developers Forum, live demo800 motes, 8 level dynamic network,
Seismic testing demo: real-time data acquisition, $200 vs. $5,000 per node
vs.
50 temperature sensors for HVAC deployed in 3 hours. $100 vs. $800 per node.
Motes dropped from UAV, detect vehicles, log and report direction and velocity
![Page 7: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
~2 mm^2 ASIC
Mote on a Chip? (circa 2001)
• Goals:– Standard CMOS– Low power– Minmal external components
uP SRAM
RadioADC
Temp
Ampinductor
crystal
battery
antenna
![Page 8: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
UCB Hardware Results ~2003
• 2 chips fabbed in 0.25um CMOS– “Mote on a chip” worked, TX only
– 900 MHz transceiver worked
• Records set for low power CMOS– ADC, Mike Scott, M.S.
• 8 bits, 100kS/s
• 2uA@1V
– Microprocessor, Brett Warneke, PhD.• 8 bits, 1MIP
• 10uA@1V
– 900 MHz radio – Al Molnar M.S.• 100kbps, “bits in, bits out”
• 20 m indoors
• 0.4mA @ 3V
![Page 9: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cost of Sensor Networks
Time
$
Computing Power
Sensors
Installation, Connection and Commissioning
Mesh Networking
![Page 10: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Source: InStat/MDR 11/2003 (Wireless); Wireless Data Research Group 2003; InStat/MDR 7/2004 (Handsets)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Un
its
(M
illio
ns
)
Wi-Fi nodesHandsetsWireless Sensor Nodes
Sensor Networks Take Off!
$8.1B market for Wireless Sensor Networks in 2007
Industry Analysts Take Off!
![Page 11: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Low Data Rate WPAN Applications
RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT
COMMERCIAL CONTROL
CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
TVVCRDVD/CDremote
securityHVAClighting controlaccess controllawn & garden irrigation
PC & PERIPHERALS
BUILDING AUTOMATION
securityHVAC
AMRlighting controlaccess control
mousekeyboardjoystick
PERSONAL HEALTH CARE
patient monitoring
fitness monitoring
INDUSTRIALCONTROL
asset mgtprocess control
environmentalenergy mgt
Zigbee 2004Zigbee 2006Zigbee Pro
![Page 12: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Barriers to Adoption
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Reliability
Standards
Ease of Use
Power consumption
Development cycles
Node sizeOnWorld, 2005
![Page 13: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Dust Networks
• Founded July 2002
• Focused on reliability, power consumption
• Developed TSMP– Time Synchronized Mesh Protocol– >99.9% reliability– Lowest power per delivered packet
![Page 14: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How it Works: CSMA
![Page 15: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
How it Works: TSMP
![Page 16: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Frequency Hopping: CSMA
![Page 17: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Frequency Hopping: TSMP
![Page 18: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Scalability: CSMA
![Page 19: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Scalability: TSMP
![Page 20: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
50 motes, 7 hops3 floors, 150,000sf
>100,000 packets/day
![Page 21: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Oil Refinery – Double Coker Unit
• Scope limited to Coker facility and support units spanning over 1200ft
• No repeaters were needed to ensure connectivity
• Electrical/Mechanical contractor installed per wired practices
• >5 year life on C-cell
400m
![Page 22: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Barriers to Adoption
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Reliability
Standards
Ease of Use
Power consumption
Development cycles
Node sizeOnWorld, 2005
>99.9%
Wireless HART, SP100
“It just worked”
5-10 years
Complete networks
![Page 23: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
“Dust Inside” Industrial Products
Smart Wireless Announced Dust Customers
End Users• Oil & Gas• Power• Food• Pharma• Chemical• Steel
![Page 24: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Industrial Automation
• Examples– Oil & gas production,
pipelines, refineries
– Paper mills
– Chemical processing
• Companies– Emerson
– ABB
– Endress & Hauser
– Siemens
Emerson “Smart Wireless” starter kit,shipping since Oct 2006
![Page 25: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The De-facto Standard
Emerson
Siemens
Pepperl+Fuchs
ABB
Endress+Hauser
Honeywell
MACTek
PhoenixContact
Smar
Yokogawa
Siemens
Elpro
12 Manufacturers,1 Network – Dust Networks’ TSMP
![Page 26: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Shell Facility
2 km1 km
• Motor condition (vibration) monitoring
• 200-400 temperature and vibration sensors
• No line power due to hazardous location rules
• Wiring in sensors would cause a 2 week delay in “first gas”
Dust-enabled Network
![Page 30: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Statoil
• North Sea Platform
• 22 pressure sensors
• 2 hour installation vs. 2 days
![Page 31: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
"Unscheduled downtime is the largest single factor eroding plant performance. Over $20 Billion, or almost 5 percent of total production, is lost each year in North America alone due to unscheduled downtime."
ARC, 2002
Ubiquitous monitoring of motors, pumps, and bearings:
VibrationTemperatureAcoustic
Predictive Maintenance
“Electric motors consume approximately 60% of all electricity generated in the United States.“
US DoE, December 2002
![Page 32: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Rail Monitoring: Croda
• Application: Temperature monitoring of chemical in moving railcars
• Rate-of-rise temperature monitoring critical for safety and plant performance– Railcars continuously move, making hard wired
measurement impractical– Employees had to climb on top of railcars for measurement;
dangerous in winter• Smart Wireless solutions give early detection of potentially hazardous
rising temperature rise of chemical and eliminate manual readings– Railcar position had no effect on self-organizing network performance;
line of site not required– Safety improvement by eliminating operator trips to the top of the railcars– Early detection means early neutralization procedures, improved plant
safety
“There are savings of $14,600 per year in reduced operations andmaintenance costs, but, the incalculable savings were in safety”
—Denny Fetters, I&E Designer
![Page 38: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Real-time monitoring of parking for:Increased enforcementDynamic pricingReal-time vacancy location services
Parking Monitoring – Streetline Networks
Wireless sensor node
![Page 39: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Building Energy Reduction - Federspiel Controls
HVAC System Retrofits
Demonstrated Energy Savings:
• 3.7 kWh/sf/yr
• 0.34 therms/sf/yr
• Higher savings than conventional retrofits
![Page 40: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Building Maintenance
•Temperature & energy consumption monitoring•2 hour install vs. 4 weeks for wired network
97% reduction in installation cost
• Rapid retrofit of old buildings
• Energy conservation from modernizing systems
• Platform for additional in-building applications
![Page 41: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Pharmaceutical Validation and Monitoring
Validation and monitoring of critical pharmaceutical processes– Ensure Regulatory Compliance
– Highly Reliable, Secure Data Transmission
– Easy to Install and Use
![Page 42: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Energy Management
•Energy is the #1 cost of supermarkets after shelf stock•Service: monitor, analyze and reduce power consumption
• Entire network installed in 3 hours (vs. 3-4 days)
• Typical energy cost reduction: 10-25%
![Page 43: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Monitoring for perimeter violations:Ground vibration (footfalls or vehicles)Metal (vehicles)SoundMotion
Images, data traces, and tracks reported over network
Perimeter Security
![Page 44: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
End User Customer Testimonials
“…easier to installand maintain, with vastly superior scalability, but it is also much more cost-effective than previous approaches. Return on investment (ROI) is “considerably less than a year” for the wireless permanent monitoring systems.” said Chip Bennettt, KV Pharma
Commented Cliff Esmiol, maintenance supervisor for Milford Power. “Especially important was the easy, flexible self-organizing network that could be installed and operational in a very short time.”
“When Emerson first approached me with their industrial wireless solution, they said ‘We’re plug and play,’ said Tim Gerami, senior design engineer at PPG. I have to admit I laughed; nothing I’d seen so far was that easy. “But I’m a believer now. Five minutes after installing it, the wireless network came to life. It’s been there ever since.”
According to Gary Borham, operations manager at Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel, “We are building an infrastructure that opens up opportunities for more and more applications. Wireless transmitters are being installed farther and farther away from the gateway without a loss of signal quality. The result is better information from difficult-to-reach areas of the mill, and this is helping our personnel prevent unscheduled downtime, meet customers’ quality requirements, and optimize productivity.”
![Page 45: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Evolution of a mote
![Page 46: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Next Innovation: Localization
• Use radios to calculate the relative position to each other
• Transmit that information periodically, or on demand
![Page 47: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Two Way Time Transfer (TWTT) TOF
• Measure round trip time
• Choose time at B to be fixed
A B
A sends @ t1 B receives @ t2
A receives @ t4 B sends @ t3
t3 – t2 = fixed known time twait
TOF = ½ (t4 – t1 – twait)
![Page 48: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
RF Time of Flight Ranging
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 180
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Distance (m)
Tim
e of
Flig
ht (n
s)
1 m Error
2 m Error
Ideal
Measured Data
Steven Lanzisera
Takeaway: ~1m position accuracy indoors
Measurement on 1
802.15.4 channel
Coal mine results
![Page 49: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Localization applications• Industrial
– Where is valve 27 anyway?– Bob is lying down in tank 5– Everyone is present at the muster point
• Hospital/Medical– Where’s the defibrillator?– Dr. Grungy didn’t wash his hands between patients– Syringe LED red until near the right patient– Billing for services by the minute!
• Home/Consumer– Where are my car keys?– Why is my TV leaving the house?– Map of friends location at the mall– Location-based services for cell, ipods, …
![Page 50: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
The Next Wave…
• IP-based consumer & enterprise standards currently being developed within IETF
• Robust, wire-free IP addressable sensor networks enables the ‘internet of things’
Time (Years Out)
#/S
ca
le o
f C
on
ne
cte
d
De
vic
es
1 32L
H
M
Next WaveFirst Wave of Adopters …..
Power
Transport
Retail
Healthcare
Consumer/Home
Industrial
Source: Harbor Research
Buildings
![Page 51: Instrumenting the Planet for Intelligence From Blue Sky to Business Impact](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56814726550346895db45fb4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Discussion
• 10 years later, a real market emerges– Industrial Automation– Driven by reliable, secure, low power networks
• Future– If you could now the status and location of every
asset in real time, how would that change your business?