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Instrumentation Development Laboratory: An Introduction
Gary S. VarnerFor the gangJune 2003
1Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
2Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
3Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
4Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
5Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
6Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
7Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
We are essentially nothing!
8Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
9Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
10Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
11Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
12Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
13Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
14Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
15Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
Electro-Magnetism
Strong
Weak
16Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
seen
17Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
E = mc2
18Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
19Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
20Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why are we here?
From symmetry, must produce an equal
amount of matter and anti-matter:
So why areare we here?
E = mc2
21Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Main Projects
Accelerator based:Precision Measurement
Non-accelerator:Highest energies
Search for new physics:Cutting-edge of exploring our universe
22Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
And everything between…
23Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Belle Experiment at KEK
• Tsukuba Science City– About 60km from Tokyo/airport
24Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Belle Experiment at KEK
• KEK:– Kou-Enerugii
butsuri-gaku Kenkyuu-jyou (now even longer)
25Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
KEK-B Accelerator
26Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Belle Experiment at KEK
• Belle isn’t an acronym:– Beauty in French – studying b quarks
(also called bottom)
27Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
The BelleBelle CollaborationSVD GroupFrankfurtU. HawaiiKanagawa U.KEKKrakow INPU. MelbourneNational Taiwan U.Niigata U.Osaka U.Princeton U.U. SydneyTohoku U.U. TokyoTokyo Inst. Tech.Tokyo Metropolitan U.U. TsukubaVienna
KEK
Hawaii
A World-Wide Activity Involving ~50 Institutions
~300 members
28Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Proper-time difference (∆t)
e− e+e−: 8.0 GeVe+: 3.5 GeV
BCP
∆z
Btag
ϒ(4S)βγ ~ 0.425
fCPfCP
∆z ≅ cβγτB ~ 200 µm
Flavor tagFlavor tag tzc βγ∆
∆=
resolution
29Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Example Event
Rare decay: B0 π+π-
30Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
World’s highest Luminosity Collider!!
Integrated luminosity
Daily luminosity: still increasing !
Just exceeded 150fb-1
yesterday!
31Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Many Important Results!
• Discovery (w/BaBar) of CP-violation in the B-system– Expected, but large and clean
– CP-violation in Kaon system tiny
• Recent first observation in B ππ
– Detector working well, but already starting to think of the future
– Incremental Detector improvements
– Seriously higher luminosity needed to probe non Standard-model effects – upgrade of accelerator and detector
>60 papers in
last 2+ years
& morepending
32Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Belle Mission
• Observation of CP violation in B decays– Achieved in 2001
• Observation of direct CP violation in B decays and other parameters of CKM matrix– by 2006 with the gradual improvement of KEKB
• Explore New Physics beyond the Standard Model– off-diagonal elements (e.g. study of SUSY breaking)
– need much higher luminosity
33Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
PID Cross-section
Hawaii built
34Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
TOF: Systematics Limited
BelleNoteDraftV
Study of Hadron Systematics Using the Belle TOF System
M Jones
University of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii USA
Dated March
Abstract
The Belle TOF system gives a time resolution of about ps for highmomentum muons in
dimuonev entsbutpsforpionsandk aonsinhadronev ents Thisnoteexaminesv ariouseects
responsible for the poorer resolution for hadrons Three eects are found to be associated with
biasesinmeantimesandwithbroadeningof thetimeresolutions trac kshittingneargapsbet ween
TOFcoun terstrac kswithinconsisten tpredictedandcalculatedzpositionsandtrac ksforwhic h
adjacent TOFcoun tersha vehits
PACSn umbers
Core part ~100ps
But tails!!!RMS ~150ps
New!!
35Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Why Such A Variance???
• Intrinsic Performance:– Tough to get– Beam tests don’t require
sustained operation– Hadronic Calibration!
• Very important – details omitted due to space limitations
• Much work, no fundamental understanding
• Velocity dependent (dE/dx?) fudge• Systematic, so no SQRT(2) • May be TWC technique dependent
– Sad history of underperformance:
• CLEO, CPLEAR, BESII, …
– Error Budget!!
36Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Time Walk Correction
• Reasonable functional form– But as background increases…
tFixed threshold
V
T0
Twc
ADCGate
Q
Sensitive to “3 Effects”
• Many ideas: e.g. direct digitization at high speed? Peter Grach
37Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Limitations
DIRC + MDC
38Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
TOP Counter
• Looks good, though Time-of-Propagation depends on photon wavelength
39Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Cherenkov Ring folding
CCT is limit as X small
Not so different from DIRC partial ring reconstruction
40Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Electronics – scenarios
Bar TOP
~5mm pos. resolution: 40 Ch/counter
Butterfly TOP
*200 counters = 1440 channelsMulti-hit (hidden cost) >1440 channels
Focusing DIRC
~few mm x few mm: few kCh/counter
*~100 counters: few 100k channels
~1mm pos. resolution: 200 Ch/counter
*180 counters = 36,000 channels
41Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Time Stretcher Module
• Designed
with LRS
– R&D 100 Award
VIPA StandardModule
16 Channels/1 per DC
Stretch factor20x
RF clockReference
42Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
MTS1 Silicon (1)
43Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Evaluation Board
CPLD (programmable
logic)MTS1 chip
Bottom view
Top view TTL-LVDS translator
• Quick and simple test board – Hulya to design/build and test a proper test board
44Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
MTS1 Timing Residuals
σ ~ 49ps
RMS ~ 51ps
• However, this value includes the (large) system jitter Gordon - readout Jim – NTS32
45Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Occupancy issuesO ccupancy vs. DSSD radius
1
10
100
1000
0 2 4 6 8
radius (cm )
occu
panc
y (%)
V A1(Tp=1us)
VATA(Tp=0.5us)
Pipeline(150nswindow)
Pixel for R < 3cmPipeline for R < 10cm
Large ambiguity even with dedicated simulation.Need to be conservative.
Trigger simulation study desirable
46Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Pixel Detector
•Board here (Fang working on)
•Test SNR vs. frame rate, etc.
•New board (student opportunity)
47Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
High Luminosity!
At L = 1035 cm-2/s :• Pipelined readout: 128k channels equiv., 40MHz x 2bytes
10 Tera-bytes per second! (10,000 CDs per second)
Global Decision logic trigger: 10kHz• FIFO: 128k channels equiv., 16 bytes
20 Giga-bytes per second! (200 GbE links)
COPPER, online Farm
200 Mega-bytes per second! (max. data rate to tape)
48Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Common Electronics
• COPPER (COmmon Pipelined Platform for Electronics Readout)
• Card ~ crate – aid in data reduction
• On board data reduction
FIFOFIFO
FIFOFIFO
FIFOFIFO
FIFOFIFO
MemoryMemory
CPUCPU
Bridge
Local Bus PCI BusD
etec
tor S
igna
ls
FINESSEFINESSE
FINESSEFINESSE
FINESSEFINESSE
FINESSEFINESSE
Trigger inputTrigger interrupt
BridgeBridge
Mezzanine Cards
PCI Mezzanine Cards
ControlControl BridgeBridge
(Yangheng,Doug
working on )
49Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
CuEval FINESSE
• Front-end INstrumentation Entity for Sub-detector Specific Electronics
Dual 128kB RAM480 Mbps USB2.0
COPPER Interface
Hardware “ready” – Yangheng working on USB drivers
50Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
ANITA
51Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
The Flux Problem
• At E>10^21…
• Life is tough
∫∫∫θφ
θφ,,r
ddrd
52Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA)
M. R
osen, Univ. of H
awaii
ANITAGondola &
Payload
Antenna arrayCover (partially cut away)
Solar Panels
• ANITA Goal: Pathfinding mission for GZK neutrinos
• NASA SR&T funded since October 2002, launch in 2006
53Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
ANITA concept
Antarctic Ice at f<1GHz, T<-20C :
• ~Lossless RF transmission
• Minimal scattering
• largest homogenous, RF-transmissive solid mass in the world
54Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
ANITA Payload
Simulated pulse—multiple antennas
Dan Yi:Simulations
• ANITA antennas view ~2pi sr with 60 deg overlapping beams• Beam intensity gradiometry, interferometry, polarimetry used to determine pulse
direction & thus original neutrino track orientation
55Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
STRAW2 Chip Self-Triggered Recorder Analog Waveform (STRAW)
32x256 SCA bank
DACs ADC
Trigger
scalers
16 Channels of256 deep SCA buckets
Optimized for RF inputMicrostrip 50Ω
Record length:128-256ns
Target input Bandwidth:>700MHz
-LL and HL (adj.) for each channel
Sampling Rate:1-3GSa/s (adj.)
-Multiplicity triggerfor LL hits
On-chip ADC:12-bit, >2MSPS
External option:MUXed Analog out
Sampling Rates>~8GSa/s possiblew/ 0.25µm process
8192 analog storage cells
Die:~2.5mm2
Self-Triggering:
Under Test
56Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
STRAW2 Evaluation
• RF signal input
• Adjustable: 0.6 –3.4 GSa/s
• 256 samples (70 –300ns)
57Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
RF Response
• Sub-ns transient ping: <= 100ps leading edge
Scope ET sampling:100 Gsa/s equiv.
58Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
RF Response (2)• Low Power! (250mW/16 channels -- < 20mW/channel @ 3.3
GSa/s)
STRAW3 target:f3dB ~ 1.2GHz
STRAW2 already useable for NaCl
applications
STRAW2 TDS scope
59Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
ANITA-lite (prototype)
RF test flight in December –equipment to Texas in July
Jim, Mary & David assy.
60Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Antenna testing and development
• Anechoic test chamber• Up to 400 lb embedded
salt stack
• PCB antenna development– Muon test chamber– SLAC T460
61Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Horn Antenna Prototype
Antarctic Ice at f<1GHz, T<-20C :
• ~Lossless RF transmission
• Minimal scattering
• largest homogenous, RF-transmissive solid mass in the world
Dan Yi
62Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Cosmic-ray Radio TestbedTestbed goals:• Detect first Askaryan signals
of cosmic origin– Use (rare) multi-TeV muon
or single hadron showers– Scintillation counter trigger
provides particle tag– 48 channel digitization via
time-multiplexing
• Development of large-scale DAQ needed for full-scale detector
– ~200 total antenna signals present
Operational since early August!– Data analysis underway
• Foreground: electronics rack & cable delay
• Background: salt chamber with amplifiers
DALI upgrade – Jim/Mary assy, Justin & Johnson readout
63Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Natural Salt Domes: Potential PeV-EeVNeutrino Detectors
3-8 km
Qeshm Island, Hormuzstrait, Iran, 7km diameter salt dome
Salt domes: found throughout the world…
• Natural salt can be extremely low RF loss: ~ as radio clear as Antarctic ice• ~2.4 times as dense
• typical salt dome: 50-100 km3 water equivalent in top ~3km
Caprock visible from space
Isacksen salt dome, Elf Ringnes Island, Canada 8 by 5km 5-10km
64Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
GEISER
• Gigabit Ethernet Instrumentation for SalSA Electronic Readout
•David, Laine & Justin
•Prototype of real system – what better way to gain experience
•Much better than some bogus R&D (Research and Disposal)
•If works, may actually be deployed
http://www2.hawaii.edu/~ridley/
65Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Documentation
• With so much going on – critical to document
•Kim has done a nice start, opportunities to expand
•Plan to expand the “People” section to include bios and work experience
•This can be a very nice pointer to work experience in your future
•I routinely get asked for recommendations and it is useful to have something in the public domain
http://www.phys.hawaii.edu/~idlab
66Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Cross-Training
• Lab Interaction– Encourage you to learn about what each other working on
– Very useful to be able to share ideas
• Lab Basic Training– General Lab procedures (notebook, documentation)
– Electronics (handling, reading schematics,parts id)
– Soldering and hand wiring
– Computer usage
– Clean room (wire-bonding, materials handling)
I will be away July 17 I will be away July 17 –– August 11:August 11:If stuck on a project, good time to receive additional training
and learn new tools and skills
67Instrumentation Dev. Lab Meeting – June, 2003
Preview of Coming Attractions
• Ongoing projects– Student Opportunities!! Tell your friends– Success depends on you
• Other opportunities– Jr./Sr. research projects [GEISER interesting]– Directed study– Publications (NIM/IEEE articles for MTS1 and STRAW2)– Board/firmware/chip design (this summer)– Many designs in queue; CDF, COW, MTS2, SalSA, and pixel
chips• Design, layout, simulation and test opportunities
Thoughts on how to improve things always welcome