INSTRUCTIONS: Go through the slides and answer each question in

the packet; the slide numbers are listed for each question

REVIEW FOR THE

U.S. HISTORY PROGRESSIVES & SPANISH-

AMERICAN WAR TEST

“Muckrakers” were journalists

who wrote about and exposed

problems such as poverty,

corruption, and monopolies

Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair, and Ida

Tarbell are examples of muckrakers

The main reason the United States annexed Hawaii was

to take advantage of its natural resources; namely,

the pineapple trade

FOUR MAIN GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS

GOAL #1: Protecting social welfare to relieve

urban problems; this was done by

organizations such as the YMCA and Salvation Army

FOUR MAIN GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS

GOAL #2: Promoting moral reform by improving personal behavior (the “Anti-

Saloon League” pushed for the 18th Amendment, which prohibited alcohol

FOUR MAIN GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS

GOAL #3: Creating economic reforms

(like stopping monopolies) and

eliminating political corruption; for

example, Eugene Debs started the

American Socialist Party in an attempt at economic reform

FOUR MAIN GOALS OF THE PROGRESSIVE REFORMERS

GOAL #4: Fostering

efficiency in American

society and the economy, such as the scientific management of

Henry Ford’s assembly line

When the Spanish-American War was over, the United States gained the following territories from Spain: the

Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam The U.S. also freed Cuba from Spain, but did not add

Cuba to its territory; Cuba became independent

During the Spanish-American War, future Progressive President Teddy Roosevelt was

the leader of the “Rough Riders”

“Yellow journalism” is when newspapers began using sensationalized and exaggerated headlines to sell

more copies; Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst are two examples of newspaper owners who focused on sin and scandal to sell more newspapers

Carrie Nation was the leader of the Prohibition (or Temperance)

Movement, which opposed alcohol;

she was often seen carrying an axe and a Bible

PROGRESSIVE AMENDMENTS

–16th Amendment created the 1st income tax in U.S. history

–17th Amendment allowed for the direct-election of U.S. Senators

–18th Amendment outlawed alcohol (prohibition)

–19th Amendment granted women the right to vote (suffrage) “P

rogr

essi

ve A

men

dmen

ts”

What did Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (1906) expose?

Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle revealed the unsanitary conditions of

slaughterhouses and led to government

regulation of food industries, such as the Meat Inspection Act

The decision in the Supreme Court case Plessy v Ferguson of 1896 stated that segregation does

not violate the 14th Amendment and can be used as long as separate facilities are equal

(“separate but equal”)

Booker T. Washington was a Black leader who was a

Harvard graduate and President of the Tuskegee

Institute (a college)

Booker T. Washington believed that education was the key to African-Americans becoming

social equals to Whites

W.E.B. DuBois was also a Black leader for civil

rights and reform

DuBois differed from Booker T. Washington in that DuBois felt that

aggressive action would be necessary to

gain civil rights for African-Americans

The organization that came out of the

Niagara Movement was the NAACP

(National Association for the Advancement

of Colored People)

U.S. Imperialism: PANAMARoosevelt gained control of the land the U.S. needed to build the Panama Canal by encouraging and supporting

the Panamanians to break away from Colombia

An initiative is a bill (a proposed law) that originates from the people rather than

from the legislators (lawmakers)

The sport of baseball became known as “America’s pastime”

Women such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton did much to fight for women’s

suffrage, which is the right to vote

Anthony and Stanton founded the National Women Suffrage Association

19th Amendment:The right of the citizens of the

United States to vote shall not be denied

by the United States or by any state on account of gender

In 1898, the U.S. sent the USS Maine to Cuba to protect American interests there; after the ship mysteriously

exploded, Americans declared war on Spain; this was the event that began the Spanish-American War

What did Ida Tarbell’s The History of Standard Oil (1904) expose?

Ida Tarbell’s book The History of

Standard Oil (1904) revealed John D.

Rockefeller’s ruthless business

practices and called for the break-up of large monopolies

Jane Addams established the Hull House in Chicago, which offered baths, cheap food, child care, health care,

and job training to poor citizens of the slums

What did Jacob Riis’ How the Other Half Lives (1890) expose?

Jacob Riis’ book How the Other

Half Lives (1890) exposed urban

poverty and life in the slums

In war, a “theater” is the geographical area where fighting takes place; in the Spanish-American War, the two

theaters were Cuba and the Philippines

Roosevelt saw the benefit of efficient monopolies, but

wanted to destroy the trusts that

were harmful to the public interest

Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for negotiating an end to the

war between Russia and Japan

During the presidency of Taft, U.S. policy in Latin America was primarily driven by concern for American economic and

strategic concerns in the region

This political cartoon

announces the arrival of Teddy

Roosevelt’s Progressive Party in the election of 1912; it was also

known as the “Bull Moose

Party”“I’m feeling as fit as

a bull moose!”

Taft and Roosevelt split up the Republican vote,

which paved the way for Democrat Woodrow Wilson to easily win the

1912 election

Taft failed to unify the

Republican Party and

Roosevelt ran against him

as a member of his own Progressive

Party

Roosevelt’s foreign policy could be summed up by the old proverb, “Speak softly and carry a big stick”,

which meant that his negotiations were always backed up by the threat of military force

The Spanish-American War was referred to as a “splendid little war” because it was brief, did not cost many American lives, and propelled the U.S. into the

position of being a major world power

President Woodrow Wilson established the Federal Reserve

System, which is responsible for controlling the

money supply in the U.S. as well as interest rates

This map shows women’s suffrage in 1919; frontier life in the Western states tended to promote the

acceptance of greater political equality for women

This political cartoon illustrates the “Roosevelt Corollary”, which was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine; the Monroe Doctrine told Europeans to stay out of Latin America, but the

Roosevelt Corollary stated that the U.S. military would intervene in any dispute involving any Latin American country

Thomas Jefferson was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence

The “Spoils System” (in which loyal supporters of winning candidates are awarded with jobs) was introduced to American government by

President Andrew Jackson

Pennsylvania and Maryland were

American colonies that were founded for the purpose of escaping religious

persecution in Europe

The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 served to restrict freedom of speech and freedom of the press;

President John Adams passed the act to halt unrest sweeping through the new U.S. nation

Benjamin Franklin made a major

contribution to the success of the

American Revolution by serving as a

diplomat to France

Franklin secured an alliance with France;

the French would help the Americans in the

war with England

John C. Calhoun stated that slavery was a “positive good”

“I hold that in the present state of civilization, where

two races of different origin, and distinguished by color,

and other physical differences, as well as

intellectual, are brought together, the reaction now existing in the slave holding states between the two is,

instead of an evil, a good – a positive good.”

IF YOU HAVE CORRECTLY

ANSWERED ALL OF THE QUESTIONS

ON YOUR REVIEW PACKET, YOU WILL BE READY FOR THE

TEST! BULLY!

Review created by

Christopher JaskowiakAssisted by

Eric Duncan, Scott Wilbanks, and Christopher Moore