Institutionalisation of an open access – a new possibility for research.

A survey of perception and demand

Dr. Birutė RailienėThe Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian

Academy of Sciences

The 5th International Conference of the European Society of History of Science, Athens, 1-3 November 2012

TWO PARTS OF THE TITLE

Open access (institutionalisation) Possibility for research (new)

OA archives or repositories do not perform peer review, but simply make their contents freely available to the world.

OA journals perform peer review and then make the approved contents freely available to the world.

More at: A Very Brief Introduction to Open Accessby Peter Suber < http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/brief.htm >

Gold and Green OA publishing Gold OA - uses a funding model that

does not charge readers or their institutions for access;

Green OA - authors publish papers in refereed journals in all disciplines and then self-archive these papers in open access/digital/institutional repositories.

Legal NGO Political

Legal context of OA:Berlin Declaration The Berlin declaration on Open Access to

Scientific Knowledge of 22 October 2003 (Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities) is one of the milestones of the open access movement.

http://oa.mpg.de/lang/en-uk/berlin-prozess/berliner-erklarung/

Non-government support of OAEIFL is an international not-for-profit

organisation based in Europe with a global network of partners

http://www.eifl.net/openaccess

The eIFL.net – the network of electronic information for libraries — promotes the development of Open Access. The eIFL-OA Program is aimed at accomplishing several objectives:

• building a global network of Open Repositories and Open Access journals;

• providing training and advice on Open Access policies and practices;

• motivating library professionals, scientists and scholars, educators and students to become the Open Access advocates and bring these ideas into practice.

• Political context of OA:

EUROPEAN COMMISSION PRESS RELEASEBrussels, 17 July 2012

Scientific data: open access to research results will boost Europe's innovation capacity

(...)As a first step, the Commission will make open access to scientific publications a general

principle of Horizon 2020, the EU's Research & Innovation funding programme for 2014-2020. As of 2014, all articles produced with funding from Horizon 2020 will have to be accessible:

articles will either immediately be made accessible online by the publisher ('Gold' open access) - up-front publication costs can be eligible for reimbursement by the European Commission; or

researchers will make their articles available through an open access repository no later than six months (12 months for articles in the fields of social sciences and humanities) after publication ('Green' open access).

 “The European Commission will continue to fund projects related to open access. In

2012-2013, the Commission will spend €45 million on data infrastructures and research on digital preservation. Funding will continue under the Horizon 2020 programme“

http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-790_en.htm

Problems of perception and demandcaused by misunderstanding and

technical features

What OA is not? It is not self-publishing, nor a way to

bypass peer-review and publication, nor is it a kind of second-class, cut-price publishing route. It is simply a means to make research results freely available online to the whole research community.

What is in OA repositories?• Pre-prints of papers;• Post-prints of papers; • Doctoral theses;• Masters papers;• Research reports;• Book chapters;• Conference papers;• Teaching materials;• Databanks of ‘raw’ data;• Multimedia objects;• Etc.

How OA is percepted by historians of science

Researchers? Research institutions? Libraries? Publishers? Public?

• Researchers?For researchers, open access brings increased

visibility, usage and impact for their work. A number of studies have now been carried out on the effect of open access on citations to articles, showing the increased citation impact that open access can bring. Open access repositories also provide an excellent means for researchers to boost their online presence and raise their profile.

Preparing list of literature; Preparing footnotes to meet the

standards of a magazine or publisher; Storing / managing the downloaded

information.

Five laws of library science (1931) by S. R. Ranganathan:

Books are for use. Every reader his [or her] book. Every book its reader. Save the time of the reader. The library is a growing organism.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._R._Ranganathan

Research institutions?• An institutional repository is a tangible

indicator of research output of a university – thus increasing its visibility, prestige and public value;

• Repository content is readily searchable – both locally and globally. Download equals to citation;

• Can be used as a marketing tool for the institution;

• Allows an institution to manage its Intellectual Property Rights appropriately.

Libraries?• Not surprisingly, librarians have been amongst the

most vocal advocates for open access. Librarians have shown their support for open access by signing on to open access initiatives and petitions. They have also been actively involved through their institutions or associations in support of OA in other ways:

• educating faculty and administrators on campus;• building digital repositories to support self-

archiving; and,• supporting open access journals.

• Publishers?

Open Access publishing means providing content free online to readers while supporting operations by financial models that permit this free electronic distribution. So far, most advances in Open Access publishing have been made in the area of journal publishing, but there are increasing numbers of ventures into Open Access monograph publishing too.

Open Access is a means of delivering content to users, not a business model. A variety of business models are employed by publishers who have adopted Open Access as a delivery form.

Public?• Economic studies have shown that even a modest

increase in accessibility to research produces considerable social and economic benefits.

• Public access policies provide new avenues for the industry to innovate and create value-added products and services. The accelerated exchange of these results can lead to growth in patentable discoveries and to their commercial application. It opens the door to creation of new jobs in industries that support medical research, such as manufacturing of lab equipment, instrumentation, and chemical analysis.

• Benefits of OA (vs close access) is determined by information search literacy, also by technical readiness, strategic and political determination at personal, instututional and state level;

• Information management is developing all the time. OA eliminated vasting of time to access, but created information redundancy. OA should be related to relevancy and realibility of information;

• Institutional attitude to OA raise a scientific level, empover dissemination and optimise use of scholarly information.

Thank you