INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES, PATRICIA BAY

ANNUAL REPORT 19U

Patricia Bay Wharf, December, 1974

Victoria, B.C. March, 1975

Introdu ction

Hydrographi c Divis i on

O cean Chemis t ry Divis ion

Ocean Physics Division

Beaufort Sea Proj e c t

O cean Engineering Divis ion

S hip Divis ion

Management S ervi ces Divis i on

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Contents

Task Force, Committee & S imilar Activities

Research & Development Contracts

Pub lications

S taff Lis t

Beaufort Sea

/ i i i i i i \ \ \ \

�\ I

I

./

i ic::) \ \ \ \ \

/ / /

\ \ i

Unimak Pass \. 0 p- -'-

9/8

M.S. D. Offshore Cruises

Parizeau

Endeavour

Laymore ...................... . .

Pandora II & Theta -'-'-'-'-

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PACIFIC OCEAN 3/7

3

5

1 7

25

41

4 4

45

49

5 1

5 5

5 8

6 1

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Introduction

The ac tivities o f a government organi zat ion like ours s eem in many ways to show an analogy wi th the weather . Although there is a bas ic ' climate' , in which one recognizes that the summe r is certainly dif fe ren t from the winter and Victoria is di f fe rent from either Winnipe g or Hono lulu , the day-to- day ' weather ' varies so much that each year mus t be regarded as being extraordinary . During 19 7 4 in our activi ties (as in the weather in many p arts of the world) the year was mo re th an us ual ly extraordinary . Fortunately we did no t expe rience any reorganization , although one looms for 19 75 . We did exp erience a name change , s o that during 19 7 4 we were o f f icially the Paci fic Region of Ocean and Aquatic Affairs , F i sheries and Marine Service . The new tit le is not wi de ly admired eithe r wi thin � th­out our organi z at ion and hopefully it wi l l be short-lived . One o f the portentous events o f 19 7 4 was the fact that w e we re abl t o ne­gotiat e all o f the remaining hurdles f acing our new facility at Pat ricia Bay . Cons truction i s now unde rway and , except for the per­s onne l o f the Ocean Phys ics group who are frequen tly as s ailed by the noise o f heavy machinery , we all look with eager ant icipation at the p rogres s being made .

Re turning t o the s ubj ect of names , we propose to call our Pa tricia B ay e s t ablishment the Ins titute of Ocean Sciences . With its imaginat ive des i gn - low , confo rming to the te rrain , and deliberate­ly cons t ructed to facilit ate interdiscip linary communicat ion - we hope to have an exciting facility in wh ich to c onduct exci ting work . Wi th the s e a and our dock at one door and the airport and our hangar at the o ther we may be better p laced for late 20th century ocean science than any o ther organiza tion in the �::d.J

Our programs were themse lves extraordinary in 19 7 4 . It was the year o f the GARP At lant ic Tropical Experiment . Canada ' s cont ribution to that Experiment , p robably the greates t internat ional coope rat ive exp eriment o f any kind ever held , was the weathership Quadra and a comp lement o f scientists drawn from all across the country . We we re heavily invo lved in ge t t ing Quadra to sea for this operat ion , and gratified t o find th at Quadra's contribution was internat ionally re­cogni zed as being o f abs o lutely p rime imp or t ance . Mr . M . Bolton , the Regi onal Hydrographer , t ook full resp ons ibi lity for readying the ship , together with its comp lex of equipment , for this operat ion . He als o served as s enior scientis t for the f i r s t and perhaps the mos t dif ficult phas e . D r . W . N . Engl ish , Deputy Director-Gene ral , was s enior scientis t for the third and las t phase , when Quadra was in­vo lved in comp lex operations both me teorologically and oceanographi­cally .

With Quadra abs ent , the weathership s t ation had to be f il led by anothe r ves s el . vie undertook this task with CS S P arizeau . Pariz eau carried out this unfamil iar me teoro logical t ask , for which she was not des i gne d , with great compe tence which was highly praised by the Atmosphe ric Environment S e rvice .

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The Parizeau being thus occup ied we had to f orego one year o f hydrog raphic e f fort in the wes t e rn Arctic . This was a ser ious blow t o our ongoing s urvey p ro gram here . However i t should no t be thought that our overall Arctic concent rat ion was reduced . Rathe r it was greatly increased becaus e of the other extraordinary role that we had to play . The B eaufort Sea Proj ect is being run from our o f f ices -not only the very c onsiderable activi ty carried out by our own per­s onnel or by contrac tors under our sup e rvision - but all o ther Beau­fort Sea activi ties by group s scat tered acro s s the count ry , ranging f rom wi ldl i fe bi ologis t s to enginee rs trying to cope with oil sp ill t echnology .

The Beaufort Sea Proj ect , whose manager is Mr . A . R . Milne , head o f the Arct ic Marine S ec tion , is financed at a level of s ome thing over $ 4 , 00 0 , 000 by the oil indus try and is contributed to by gove rn­ment in-house activi ties amount ing to p erhaps s ometh ing over $ 7 , 00 0 , 000 for the two years of the p roj ect .

Our charter ves s e l MV Pandora II , mothership for our subme rs ible Pisces IV ,was no sooner put into commiss ion than she was s ent to the Beaufort Sea to t ake p art in this p roj ec t . She was accomp anied by the charter ves sel MV Theta . However the wes te rn Arctic experienced the worst ice condit ions in many years and the amount which could be accomplished f rom these ship s was much less than had been hoped and p l anned . As a result a great de al of innovative thinking had to be emp loyed to try to get the work done us ing f ixed wing aircraft and h e licopters . A remarkable amoun t was accomp lished , and i f the 19 75 ice year p roves not to be too disas trous , we should come out o f the experience qui te we ll . Even now , it is evident that the work done in the Beaufort S ea Proj ec t , t o gether wi th the conso lidation o f the results obtained by many groups over many years in the p as t , will p resent us with a level o f unders tanding of this sea far beyond what we had before 19 7 4 . Nevertheles s , it mus t be recognized by all that we Bhall remain at the end of 19 7 5 , in a far f rom s at i s f actory p o s i­tion o f knowledge vis-a-vis p o tential development in the area , and much work will remain t o be done after the comp letion o f the pro­j ect . We mus t expect that our future level of act ivi ty in this p art o f the wo rld will be s ub s t antially greater than in the p as t .

O f course mos t o f our usual act ivities continued , and they should not be underrate d . Desp i te the absence o f a Beaufort Sea hydro graphic program , the Hydrographic D ivis ion was fully occupied with B . C . coas ta l waters and the Mackenzie River . The Ocean Phys ics D ivis ion was not only heavily involved in the Beaufort S ea but als o in B . C . coas tal waters . S o als o was the Ocean Chemistry D ivis ion . These ongoing act ivi ties are the backbone o f our work . They provide the s ource of expertise which permi t s us to undertake the ext ra­o rdinary when we are called upon at short notice t o do s o .

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HYDROGRAPHIC DIVISION

M . Bolton - Regional Hydrographer

The hydrographic s urvey p ro gram in 19 7 4 was influenced to a large. extent by two external facto rs : The B eaufort S ea Proj ect and the GARP Atlantic T ropical Expe riment . Regional p articipat ion in these ac tivit ies neces s i t ated maj or changes in scheduled hydro­graphic programs . The e lectronic positioning sys tem in the Wes tern Arctic , operated by the P o lar Cont inental She lf Program , was loca­ted in the Beaufort S e a covering an area already char te d , and the CSS P arizeau was wi thdrawn f rom normal s urvey dut ies as a rep lace­ment for CCGS Quadra on ocean s t ation P from May through Oct obe r .

O ther e f fects o f thes e unique p rograms included diverting s ome o f the Tidal and Current Survey e f fort into the Beaufor t S ea Pro­j ec t to p rovide essential baseline data on tides and currents . The Regional Hydro grapher was directly involved with the planning o f , and p articipation in , GATE t o the extent o f at le as t 5 0 percent of his time .

Much of the work in Chart Cons truc tion and Hydrographic Deve­lopment was directed towards the metric conve rs ion o f navi gat ional charts . Preliminary analyses of modes of conve rs ion and of vari­ous chart f ormats were inves tigate d .

Ano the r maj o r activity res ulted from the decision to trans fer to the region the respons ibility for draf ting and p rinting of Wes t Coas t navi gational charts . This should resul t in a more e ffective f l ow of hydrographic data f rom the field hydro grapher to the us er through fas ter produc ti on of new nautical chart s .

A hydrographic survey station 4300

tellurometer measurement is being

'Robinson ' as part of a control

feet above sea level. Here a

made to the geodetic station

survey in Seymour Inlet.

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Field Hydrography Section

R. Wills - Regional Field Superintendent

1 . J . Campbe l l * C . G . McInt osh * E . B . Clarke A . R. Mortime r

F . A . Coldham A . D . O ' Connor K . L . C z ot ter R . A . Pierce G . H . Eaton R . D . Popej oy N . S . Fuj ino A. R . Raymond K . A . Gantzer ( f rom Coas tal Z one G . E. Richards on

Oceanography ) "jl� G . W . Roge rs * K. High ton R . W . Sandi lands

R . C . Hlina C . R . Tamas i L . P . Landry ( t o Coas tal Z one ';'.; J. A. Vosburgh

Oce anography M . V . Woods J . B . Larkin ,,< P . Y . Yee

,,< P . O . Lee B . Ai tken ( s tudent as s i s t ant) B . M . Lus k P . Thompson ( s tudent as sis tant)

* Left during 19 7 4

This S ection is res pons ible for all hydrographic field operat ions and inc ludes S ailing Di rections and Hydrographic Development .

No hydrographic work was done in the Wes tern Arc tic th is se as on , pri­mari ly becaus e C S S P arizeau was not available . Cons equen tly a greater than normal e f fort was made on the B . C . coas t .

A highly de tailed, large- scale s urvey o f the Fraser Rive r de lta front , both be fore and after f reshet , was carried out in c ooperation with a geo lo­gical survey team from EMR and is expected to yield valuable information in the f ield of de lta s tudies . The s urvey p arty , under the di rection o f A . R. Mortimer , emp loyed a variety of small craft and p recise positioning sys tems .

Victoria Harbour and an area o f f Race Rocks , uns urveyed s ince leadline days , were als o recharted .

Revisory s urvey s , wi th B . M . Lusk as hydrographer- in-charge , emp loyed CSS Richards on , C S S Revis o r and a varie ty of smaller cra f t to cove r the en­tire southern B . C . coas t . More than 150 low- alti tude aerial photos taken from a charte red Beaver aircraf t p rovided es s ential data to de fine changes that have taken p lace over the years . This p arty als o comp leted large­scale conventional s urveys of F isherman ' s Cove , Whi terock P as s age , Cortez Bay and Vananda Cove .

Geode t ic contr o l was extended from the mount ain peaks to the shoreline in S eymour and B elize Inle t s , an important and long-de ferred p roj ect . A char tered Bell Jet Ranger helicop ter was emp loye d .

Maj o r survey work was carried out by the C S S Wm . J . S tewart , under the direction of R . W . S andilands , in Malaspina S t rait extending up Jervis Inlet

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and including Hotham Sound and Agamemnon Channel , in B arkley Sound , and in the Skeena River and approaches . B arkley S ound was las t surveyed in the 192 0s and the Skeena River in 1909-19 1 4 . Maj o r changes were found , as ex­p ected , in s ome o f the Skeena River banks . During this p roj ec t D r . John Lutenauer o f Geological Survey , V ancouver , was on board for a week to c arry out s ediment inves t igations . One l aunch and one hydrographer were ass igned to him for this peri o d .

Barkley S ound is a continuing p roj ect and good p rogres s was made in Trevo r and Imperial E agle Channels . The CS S Wm . J . S tewart p ar ty converted all data collections to me tric this year and will be conducting all future s urveys in me tric units . This comp le tes the conversion p roces s and all hy­drographic f ie ld operations , wi th the excep tion o f revisory surveys , will be me tric .

Valuable revis o ry and new survey work was c ontinued on the Mackenzie Rive r , empl oying the chart e red ves sel MV Radium Exp ress with A . D . O ' Connor in charge . Surveys we re completed t o p rovide data for five new charts and a large portion of Mackenz ie B ay was surveyed for the first t ime . Certain areas of the M ackenzie Rive r we re resurveyed as part of a program in which s e lected areas are res urveyed e ach year to de termine how the rive r bed changes f rom year to year . A short reconnaiss ance was made up the Liard River , by ship and launch t o the ' Beaver Dam ' , and beyond by aircraft .

Charter vessel MV Radium Express

at Mile 464r Mackenzie River .

/

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HYDROGRAPHIC DEVELOPHENT

t G . W . Rogers A . R. Raymond

t Rot ational s t aff tt Term as s i gnments

Aerial Hydro graphy Project

N . H . Anders on - Head

H. Lee (summe r s tudent) H L. HcLeod -rt H . �1clntyre

J . V . Watt and D . V . Gregson returned to Vict oria in September after an 18-month secondment to the Canada Centre for Remo te Sens ing (CCRS) in Ottawa working on this proj ect . The ob j ect ive is to deve lop an airb o rne survey­ing sys tem for coas t al hydrography which will define b o th shore line and dep ths of up to 10 me tres . The ai rcraft ins tallation cons is ts of an in­ertial navigation p latform , an aerial camera , a baromet ric altime ter and a magne tic tape data logging sy s tem .

Fligh t tes ts ,ve re conducted in June and in Augus t ove r a tes t range near Ottawa and over the National Res earch Counci l pho togramme tric tes t range near Sudbury , Ontario . Analysis of the data is undenvay to de termine if the positional and rotational p arame ters are sufficiently accurate . The analy s is is being conduc ted j oint ly by lOS and the Univers i ty of Ne,v B runswick . A detailed s tatus report by J . V . \-Jatt was s ubmitted to the CCRS management commi t tee in Sep temb e r .

The s econd s tage of this mapp ing sys tem is the meas uremen t o f the hydro­graphic par ameters on the aerial photographs using an analytical plotter. A s econd s e t of pho to graphs (flown by CCRS) wi th horizontal contro l pro­vided by lOS has been s ent to UNB for fur ther evaluation of the nume rical model us ed to correct for refract ion at the air/water interfac e .

Hetrication

Over the next few years approximate ly two hundred wes t coas t charts are to b e conve rted to me tric uni t s . A thorough analysis of alternative au­tomated proces ses for conve rs ion is being conducted . New ch ar t fo rmats are b eing inves tigated in cooperation with Ch art Cons truction Section .

Range /Accuracy Evaluations

Range / accuracy evaluati ons of short- range posi tioning sys tems have b een limi ted to 21 . 5 km. Bas elines have now b een es tab lished t,o extend the evaluati ons at 10 km inte rvals t o 100 km and for more de tai led short­range evaluations at 100 m intervals to 12 km . Hini- range r , Tris ponder and RPS posi tioning sys tems are all pres ent ly b eing checked on this tes t range .

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S AILING DIRECTIONS

T . L . Jones - He ad

J . W . Chivas

The p reparat i on of new editi ons of the Unit ' s comp licated by ' teething ' p rob lems encounte red in keyb oarding p roces s e s in O t t awa.

L . M . Wake field

pub li cations was the coding and

The ninth edi tion of B . C . S ai ling Directions , Volume 1 , was pub lished in Octob e r with an inc reas e in s i ze f rom 344 to 40 1 p ages.

The manus crip t of V olume 2 finis hed and p roofreading and p rints we re complete d . The b o ok e arly in 19 7 5 .

o f the B . C . S ai ling Dire ctions was correction o f p rintouts and b lue­wi l l be pub lished in the new fo rmat

The s e cond edi tion of the Small Craft Guide , V olume 1 , which p r oved ve ry popular with the re creational b o ating communi ty, was up­dated and pub lished in De cembe r .

In the sp ring o f 19 7 4 J . W . Chivas under took a survey o f the coas t f rom B oundary B ay to, and including , Howe Sound to collect material for the se cond vo lume of the Small Craft Guide . This pub ­li cation is des igned to p rovide navi gational and o the r us e ful in­formation f o r the increas ing numb e r of small- craft owners travelling along the eas t s i de o f the S t rait of Georgia b e tween Boundary Bay and Cortez Is land. The Guide als o covers the Fraser River to Co­quit lam , the Pitt Rive r and Pit t Lake . The firs t draft of this p ub­li cation is now comp le te, and pub licat ion is s cheduled for mid- 19 7 5 .

Ko o tenay Lake and Rive r Sai ling Dire ctions were revised , adding material gathe red in 19 7 3 . Thes e have b een submi tted for pub li ca­tion with the revised charts of the area .

Hydrographic launch leaves C SS William J. Stewart during Jervis Inlet Survey

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Tidal and Current Survey Section

S . O . Wigen - Regional Tidal Superintendent

During 19 7 4 the Section c onducted maj o r field programs in b o th the P acific and Wes tern Arctic . Hydrodynami c s urveys cont inued in Juan de Fuc a , Haro and Rosario S traits . Tide and s to rm surge p ropagat ion were monito red as p art o f the Beaufort Sea P roj ect . Verti cal con trol was provided for Mac­kenzie River charting . G auging s t ations were moored on s eamounts of the northeas t Paci f i c as p art o f the GEOS-C s atellite pro gram .

A . B . Ages - I n Charge K.S . Lee ( CELL )

HYDRAULIC RES EARCH

A. L . Woo llard (Comput ing Servi ces )

This Uni t continued develop ing a two-dimens ional numerical model o f Burrard Inle t to s t udy and p redict tidal currents in the inle t including Eng lish Bay , Van couver Harb our , Port Moody and Indian Arm .

A detailed analysis o f a p revious ly developed numerical mode l o f the F ras er Rive r was carried out .

Advice was provided to gove rnment agencies and p rivate indus try on various p rob lems concerning tidal hydraulics and marine p ol lution .

Improvements were made to o i l s p i l l markers des i gned t o lo cate a spill in fo g and darkness when visual reconnaissance is no t possi­b le. The Uni t cont inue d tes ting a me th od to es tab lish reference l evels acro s s es tuaries .

J.F . Bath ( de ceased)

CURRENT SURVEYS

A.N . Douglas ( Computing Servi ces ) W . J . Harris

* Left in 19 7 4

F . V . W . S .

* T . M . J .

Hermiston Hugge tt - In Charge McNie Wo odward

F rom Feb ruary to Ap ril a cooperative current survey was c arried out with National Ocean Survey (NOS ) of Seattle in the vicinity of the S an Juan I s l ands . Dat a f rom this s urvey have b een edi ted and p re­l iminary analyses o f the data are being p repared for pub lication in the form o f his t o grams of vel o ci ty and dire ction , hourly p lo ts o f velocity , direction , p rogres s ive vector diagrams and energy spectra diagrams , and (where availab l e ) temperature and conduct ivity . Data are exchanged on a continuing basis with NOS in Washington , D . C . A f our- day attemp t wi th a s ubmersible t o retrieve four los t current

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me ters was uns uc ces s ful . Furthe r at temp t s will b e made .

The main ef fort o f this Uni t was rent me ter and t ide gauge arrays trieving them again in Augus t . th rough holes b las ted in the ice .

directed towards deploying ten cur­in May in the Beaufort Sea and re­Thes e were succes s fully anchored

Transport of ins truments was done by helicopter. S ince arrays were laid up to 70 miles of fshore , Decca 6F was used for a pos i t ioning sys tem. Due to he avy i ce condi t ions only one current me ter and two tide gauges were re trieve d . Data f rom thes e three ins truments are being analys e d . All moored ins truments are c ap ab le of one year un­serviced operat ion and re cove ry o f the remainder will b e attemp ted in 19 7 5 .

Two current meter arrays o f two and three current meters res pective­ly , each with one tide gauge , we re laid o f f the wes t coas t o f Van­couver Island . This wo rk is b eing carried out in c ooperation with D r . A . Huyer o f O t t awa , and is concurrent with s imilar arrays being laid o f f Wash ing t on and Oregon to s tudy the coherence of circula­tion along the coas t .

The ve ctor average o f two eight-month analyses o f Race Rocks cur­rent ob servations was completed and current p redi ctions for a pos i­tion four miles s outh o f Race Rocks will be ins erted in the 19 7 7 t ide tab les . Printed copies o f p redictions for 19 7 5 and 19 7 6 will be availab le f rom this o ff ice in due cours e .

R. E . B rown W . J . Rapatz - In Charge

TIDAL SURVEY

J . D . S co t t (CELL) F . E . S tephens on

A numb er of temp orary tidal s tations we re operated on the wes t coas t . Data f rom these s tations are us ed in the nume rical mo del o f Juan de Fuca and Georgia S t raits .

The importan t t idal s tation on Langara Island at the Northern end o f the Queen Charlottes i s now fully operational . The s t ation records on s i te , as well as transmit ting ins tantaneous water levels to a monitoring s t ation at Prince Rupert tied into the Pacific Tsunami Warning Ne twork .

A t idal s e amount program was ini tiated i n May . Between May and Nov­ember, f ive Aanderaa t ide gauges and one UBC tide gauge were p laced on f ive s e amounts off the cont inental she lf (Cobb , Union , B owi e , Pat t on and Surveyor) . Recovery o f gauges will b e at temp ted in Feb­ruary and Ap ril 19 75 . Two Aanderaa tide gauges are being used to meas ure the tide on the ins ide and outs ide o f the b reakw ater at Neah B ay , Washington . The res ults of this s tudy will determine the

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validi ty o f us ing tidal data ob tained f rom ins ide the b re akwater as input to the numerical model o f the S traits o f Geo rgia and Juan de Fuca.

In conj unc tion w i th a s tudy o f s t o rm surges in the Beaufort S e a , s ix tide gauges were ins talled f o r the summer along the coas t b e tween Hers chel I s l and and B ai l lie I s l ands . The tide gauge ins talled at Hers che l I s land in Sep tember 19 7 3 was re covered and the t apes and b atter ies changed . The ins trument was reins t al led and will reco rd unat t ended unt i l recovery next s umme r .

O n the Mackenzie River , water level gauges were ins talled at miles 4 2 3 , 464 and 9 3 4 to p rovide datum control for hydrographi c charting .

An ext ens ive up- dating o f s e condary p orts t idal differences for the s outhern half o f the B . C . c oas t was carried out and will appear in the 19 7 6 t ide t ab les .

Improved t ab les f o r the prediction o f water leve ls on the Fraser River as far e as t as New Wes tmins ter we re pub lished through No tice t o Mariners and will als o appear in the 19 7 6 tide tab les .

The Tidal Uni t spends much time e ach the pub li c , and to engineering firms water levels and datum p l anes on the e rn Arcti c .

year p roviding inf o rmat ion to and p o rt authori ties regarding Pacific coas t and in the Wes t-

DATA PROCES S ING

S . E . Ames - In Ch arge C . C . Carracedo

M . Lee

* Left in 19 74

D . E . Hilder L . P once E . S tenning

(Digitizing by cont ract)

(Diagram checking by contract)

The Unit p roces s ed the tidal records f rom all temp o rary s tations es­t ab lished by tidal s urvey o r hydrographic f ield parties . In S ep t em­b e r the proces s ing o f reco rds f rom all wes t coas t permanent s tations operated by Wate r Survey o f C anada was b e gun .

Work was c omp le t ed on new analy t i c p ro gr ams t o s treamline p ro cess ing of records and e liminate the need for outs ide computer facilities . Data t o b e ret ained o r f o rwarded to O t t awa will now b e p laced on magnetic tape r a ther than punched cards .

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Chart Construction Section

F . R . Smithers - Regional Chart Superintendent

This Secti on is respons ib le f o r the cons truction , pub li cation , revi­s i on , correction and dis tribution of all nautical charts and p ub li­cations t o 180 authorized chart dealers . Graphic arts for exhib it s , i llus trations f o r s eminars and regional pub li cations , as well as all pho togr aphic and p rinting s ervices , are p r ovided by the S ection .

CHART CONSTRUCTION

R. D . Bell - Supervisor

T . C . P lume M . S . Taylor V . N . Young

CHART REVIS ION

R . K. Korh onen C . J . Nas t (Pho t o grapher) B . M. Wat t ( Graphic Art s )

K . R . Holman - Supervis or

A. G . Lyon A. R . Philp

QUALITY CONTROL

P . C . Browning

L . G . Thompson - Supervis o r

D . G . Dob s on

There were s even f irs t editions o f new charts comp i led and drafted in 19 7 4:

3060 P i t t River 39 8 5 Approaches to Prince ( converted t o provisional printing)

Rupert Harb our 3 9 89 Brown P as sage " " " "

3 9 9 1 Hu dson Bay P as s age " " " "

399 2 Approaches t o P or t l and Inlet " " " "

39 9 3 Work Channel " " " "

3481 App ro aches t o V ancouver Harb our (metric convers ion)

S ix new editions were p ub lished as a result of recent hydrographic s urveys and 50 pat ches were drawn and p ub li shed to up date o ther charts . Ten notices to shipping and 6 0 n o t i ces t o mariners were p romulgated. The marine repor ting program with the C anadian P ower Boat Squ adrons was very active this year with 2 10 report s received and actioned by the revis ory s urvey group .

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Methods of conversion of charts f rom English to metric uni ts have b een under active inves tigation . One conve rs ion, Chart 3481 (App­r oaches to Vancouve r Harb our) , whi ch dep icts a new format in addl­tion t o me tric units, will b e pub lished in full co lour in January 19 75 .

CHART CORRECT ION AND DIS TRIBUT ION

E . M. Coulter - Supervis o r, J . H . C oldwell - Supervisor, Chart Cor rection Char t Dis trib ution

K . M . Benne t t L . M . Wake field D . J. Clark J . Brown ( CELL ) R . W . Johns on J . Lang ( CELL ) M . M . Patton J . Underwood (CELL )

This Unit made 2 , 06 1 , 4 70 hand amendments and dis tributed 16 8 , 20 0 nauti cal charts to dealers and the marine public . They were als o respons ib le for the dis tribution of 55 , 134 Tide Tab les, 3 , 2 79 B . C . P i lots, 9 6 6 Ligh t Lis ts and 3 81 Radio Ai ds . The inspe ction o f f acili ties and s to ck o f 4 0 authorized dealers was made, resulting in the canc ellat ion of 13 deale rship s . During the year, 30 new chart dealers were authorized .

The Chart Cons truction Uni t built and s t affed a naut ical chart dis­play for the Vancouver Boat Show . The disp lay featured the automa­ted acquis i t ion o f hydro graphi c field data . The s imulated acqui si­t ion sys tem was mounted in a survey launch wh ich was floated in the Agradome b ui lding, f looded for the show .

Shopp ing cen tre disp lays include d three weeks a t Surrey, two weeks at Park Royal, Wes t Vancouver and two weeks at Hills ide, Vi ctoria.

More than two million charts were amended by hand during 1974.

- 15 -

Survey Electronics Section

J . V . Watt - Head

The return of the Head o f S urvey Electronics f rom CCRS , Ot tawa , coupled with a s trengthening and reorganiz at ion o f the S ection has developed a more e f f i cient s e rvice and research function . The ro­t ation o f electroni c te chnicians between main tenance and develop­ment p roj ects is p roviding greater flexib ility and expertise in en­gineering , elect roni c and t e chnical s upport fo r all Divis ions .

During 19 74 the S e ction was res t ructured into two groups : Technical S upport and Enginee ring Support . The Techni cal Support Group has b een s ub divided int o three units , each having specific equipment respons ib ilit ies ( digi tal and s ounder , communicat ions , navigation aids and mi crowave ) . The technical pers onnel are t o b e rotated on a regular b as i s through thes e units and through des ign /development pos itions wi thin the Engineering Suppo rt Group .

The O t t awa-b as ed s upport to the Aerial Hydrography Proj ect ( s ee Hydrographic Deve lopment ) has been complete d . Future ac tivities wi ll be conduc ted in the Vi ctoria area by the Engine ering Support Group .

TECHNICAL SUPPORT GROUP

W. R. Taylor - Head

* G . L . Cooke * A . W . Koppel R . A. Cooke (wi th FSRG) R. Los chiavo L . W . Dorosh R . A . Mus e

* T . Dyas M. Osb o rne E . W . Hinds C . F . Ryan

* Le{t during 19 7 4 D . J . Gregson

Act ivi ties o f the Techni cal Support Group involved field s upport fo r s urvey p ar ties on b o ard the CSS Wm . J.Stewar t and MV Radium Ex­p ress in addi tion to general ele ct ronic maintenance duties for Hy­drogr aphic and Ship Divis i ons .

The p ro gram t o up date and conver t ships ' communication resulted in the acqui s i tion and ins tallation of s ingle HF radio telephones and up grading of VLF communications on vess els.

equipment s ide b and all maj o r

A new VHF analy s e r / communications monitor was acquired . I t p ro­vides increased c ap ab i l i ty and greatly s imp li f ies tes t ing and s er­vicing o f VHF equipment . Routine maintenan ce checks s uch as fre­quency and deviation can now b e carried out from �he lab with the r adio equipment s ti l l on board ship , from a r ange of s everal miles i f necess ary .

- 16 -

Elect roni c p o s i tioning sys tem speci fi cations were modi fied for F ield Hydro graphy and a contract was le t for the supp ly of two p os i t ioning sys tems (microwave , range- range typ e ) .

ENGINEERING SUPPORT GROUP

T . A. Curran J . L . Galloway

The Enginee ring Supp o r t Group p rovided as s is tance to the Hydro­graph i c , O ce an Phys ics and Ocean Chemis t ry Divis ion .

Speci f i c s uppo r t f o r Field Hydro graphy concent rated o n aut omated field data acquisition sys tems . Development p ro ceeded on one sys­tem utilizing a micro-proces s o r . Speci f ications have been develop­ed and a requis i tion issued for a p ro t o type unit whi ch will b e light-weigh t , ac curate and inexpens ive .

For the Tidal and Current Sec tion modifications t o a UEC-deve loped underwater tide gauge were carried out , resulting in high res olu­tion water temperature reco rding and deep er water operations to 1000 met res . Data f rom these gauges have b een analysed us ing nu­merical filtering and spectral analys is techniques in order t o ev­aluate ins t rument performance .

A p ro t o type s o lid s tate design to replace the relays in the Neyrp ic current me ter was developed . A turntab le was des igned and built to enab le the rap i d calib ration of current me ter compas s e rrors .

Activities s uppo rting Ocean Phys ics Divis ion included the des i gn and interface o f a Memodyne t ap e reader to the HP comp uter for Coas tal Z one Oceanography . A reader f o r Geodyne current meter t ap es was des i gned and is b eing inte rfaced wi th the HP c omputer for O f fsho re Oceanography . A temperature dep th p r ob e ( ETE) was modi­fied to allow operation by hand or f rom a small winch , and a camera t imer was c ons t ructed fo r a radar experiment , b o th f o r Coas tal Z one O ceanography .

S uppo r t to Ocean Chemis t ry included analyser-printer sys t ems f o r lab or atory ments , and the des i gn and cons t ruction the tritium expe r iment.

the int e r facing of two IR and shipbo ard pC02 expe ri­o f a NIM module as part o f

A complex sys tem o f communi cating models is under going tes t s with an o f the lab or at o ry equipment with the

in s erial ASC 11 us ing Serdex obj ective o f int e r facing much PDP- ll c omputer sys tem.

A general p ro gram for the calib ration of all electronic tes t equip­ment on a regular b as is was ins t i tuted , ut ilizing the faci lities at the Dockyard (DND) Calib rat ion Centre .

- 1 7 -

OCEAN CHEMISTRY DIVISION

C . S . Wong - Chief o f Divis ion

Marine Hydrocarbons Section

W . J . Cre tney - Head

P . A. Chris tens en (NRC Pos tdoctoral K . W . Johns on Fellow) - GC/MS s ys tem R . W . Macdonald (NRC Pos tdo ctoral

B . J . Cox (CELL ) Fellow - LMW Hydroca rbon gas es W . J . Cretney - Hydrocarbon anal ysis B . W . McInty re ( CHEMEX L ab ) D . R . Green (Vis i ting s tudent ,DBC) - C.S . Wong - Envi ronmen tal effects

Pel a gic tar

This Sect ion s tudies the o ccurrence , pathways and fate o f hydro­carb ons (natural , p e t ro leum-b as ed and h alogenated) in the marine en­vironment . The maj or p art of the work has b een to s tudy petroleum­b ased hydro carb ons in order to assess the p os s ib le environment al effects o f oil s p i l ls and o f fshore drilling . At p res ent there is a criti cal lack o f knowledge o f the levels o f hydrocarb ons ( us ually very low) in s ea water , s ediments , the b i o ta and the atmosphere , and o f the s ub -lethal effects of thes e l ow concen trations .

A Finnigan 3300E gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer system

is used for hydrocarbons detection and identification in

marine environmental samples.

- 18 -

Much effort has been devoted to shore-based and shipboard faci­lities so that total hydrocarbons at a low concentration (1 ug/l. to 1 ng/l.) in sea water can be determined, and certain environmentally significant compounds can be identified by instrumental techniques. A portable clean laboratory for shipboard hydrocarbon analysis can be conveniently fitted on the three Pacific Region ships, CSS Pari­zeau, CSS Vector and MV Pandora II (charter).

A Finnigan 3300E gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) system capable of a mass range of 10-1000 amu and a sensitivity of 3xlO-11 g/sec for cholesterol was acquired to ensure more reliable identification and more sensitive detection of polyaromatic com­pounds in marine environmental samples. A technique using fluor­escence in combination with a high speed liquid chromatograph (FS-HPLC) was being applied to monitor total polyaromatic hydro­carbons at ocean weather station P, along line P in Saanich Inlet and nearshore waters in Victoria. Clean laboratory extraction techniques of polyaromatic hydrocarbons from biological tissues and marine sediments are being developed.

A tar map has been prepared using data of Neuston-net tows of the Canadian TRANSPAC-72 cruise, the TASADAY cruise of Scripps In­stitution of Oceanography and other Scripps Neuston-net collec­tions, along with data from recent Japanese publications. Find­ings show heavy concentrations of pelagic tar in the Kuroshio current off eastern Asia and Japan, while the waters in the north and eastern Pacific are relatively clean. The distribution ap­parently is related to marine oil transport routes.

Beaufort Sea Baseline Studies

Project C-l: Distribution of tar and other particulate along the Beaufort Sea coast.

pollutants

C.S. Wong - Chief Investigator R.D. Bellegay - Co-Investigator

D.M. Macdonald (CELL)

This project hopes to establish the baseline distribution of par­ticulate pollutants, especially tar and plastics, in the present­day Beaufort Sea marine environment. A search for areas with natural oil seepage has been made both in the field work and in available geological literature. A coastal survey was conducted in the summer of 1974 on contract to CELL to cover the southwest coast of Mackenzie Bay and portions of the west coast of Tuktoyak­tuk Peninsula. No visual tar pollution or natural seepage were found, but plastic wastes, in particular those related to marine seismic activities, were prevalent in the coastal areas. Beach and near-shore sediments, marine organisms and fish were collected and analyses are being made to establish their hydrocarbon characteris­tics.

- 19 -

Project C-3: Baseline information on chemical oceanography and petroleum-based hydrocarbons in the southern Beau­fort Sea.

C.S. Wong - Chief Investigator B.L. Hubbard (Seakem) W.J. Cretney - Co-investigator B.W. McIntyre (CHEMEX Lab) P.A. Christensen (NRC Post- R.W. Macdonald (NRC Postdoctoral

doctoral Fellow) - GC/MS Fellow) - LMW hydrocarbons studies S. Seehan (Summer student)

P. Erickson (CELL)

Objectives of this project are to (1) provide a comprehensive un­derstanding of the chemical oceanography of the area and (2) to establish the baseline levels of petroleum-based hydrocarbons in the southern Beaufort Sea drilling area, by measuring classes of hydrocarbons and identifying some specific hydrocarbons in sea water, marine sediments, marine organisms, marine mammals and fish.

A preliminary cruise on the MV Theta was manned in August of 1974. The preliminary data show a clean marine environment. No tar or plastics were collected in Neuston-net tows. The levels of dis­solved polyaromatic hydrocarbons in sea water are similar to those in uncontaminated open ocean waters in the Pacific Ocean. The levels of dissolved gaseous hydrocarbons, including methane,ethane and propane, plus olefins, are low in general.

Gas chromatograph and helium stripping technique was used on board MV Theta to detect low molecular weight hydrocarbons in the Beaufort Sea.

- 20 -

Marine Carbon Budget Section

A . B . Cornford - Head

A. B . Cornford - Radi ocarbon , 13C isotopic K. S . Rennie ( CELL) s tudi es P . A . Zellinsky ( CELL)

C . S . Wong - Inorganic carbon sys tem, air- R. D . Bellegay sea CO2 exchange

Concern re garding the possible climatic e f fects o f C02 releas ed into the atmosphe re by burning of fossil carb on requires a close surveillance of the natural C02 sys tem. The inp ut of C02 from f o s s il fuel b urning has been doubling eve ry twenty years . Howeve r , the cont inuous exchange o f C02 in the atmosphe re-ocean sys tem and to a les s e r ex tent , the b iosphere, has kep t the atmospheric C02 increas e at a slower rate than the input . The carb onate chemis try o f the s urface ocean is playing a vital part in the C02 equilib rat ion p ro cess in this glob al atmosphe re- ocean sys tem.

Res earch work on the C02 p roblem has been focus s ed on long- term time series s tudies o f C02 exchange in the atmosphe re- ocean sys tem , in parti­cular at o cean weathe r s t ation P (SO ON , l4S0W) , wh i ch is the only fully marine C02 s t at ion in the world . Th ree as pects are b eing s tudied: ( 1) mar ine ai r C02 inc reas e , ( 2 ) air-sea C02 exchange and carb onate chemis try in the s ur face sea wate r , and ( 3 ) r adio carb on s tudy o f C02 exchange rate .

The radio carb on lab o ratory set up by contract is now in operat ion at B . C. Res earch in Vancouve r . An intercalib ration with the radiocarb on lab oratories at the Univers i ty o f Washington (Dr . S tuiver) and the Unive r­s i ty of Miami (Dr . Os tlund) has been comple ted. S tation P surface s ea wate r s amples , colle cted in p revious years , are b eing proces sed and coun­ted . An AE I MS 20 is otope mas s spectrome t e r has als o been s e t up in the Ocean Chemis t ry lab o ratory at Harb our Road , for l3C / 12C analysis . The 13C / 12C ratio is required to eliminate dif ferences introdu ced by is o topic fractionation in radio carb on s amples . I t is als o needed for a tracer s t udy in the S aanich Inle t waters .

The invasion and evas ion o f C02 in the surface mixed layer are being inves tigated by time- se ries s tudies of pC0 2 in air and s ur face sea water and of the carb onate chemis t ry at ocean weather s t ation P. In o rder to s t udy large- s cale o ceanic v ariations , the pC02 and carb onate chemis t ry pro grams were als o carried out on the CCGS Quadra on her p as s ages to and from Dakar , S enegal , us ing an automated measuring sys tem for shipb oard p C02 and air C02 . A PDP-ll computer was used for data log ging . A s imi­lar sys tem with out computer has b een in us e on the o ther weathership , CCGS V ancouver , f o r the time- s e ries s tudies"at s tation P .

Marine ai r C02 increase has b een moni t ored f o r the s ixth year in a DOE- S cripps Ins ti tution o f Oceanography j o int collect ion p rogram at ocean weather s tation P. Our inf rared C02 laborato ry is carrying out air C02 analysis o f flask s ample s b eing colle cted at o th e r Canadian C02 s tations manned by the Atmosphe ric Envi ronment S e rvice . To ensure the compatibi­lity o f moni toring results , a s e ries o f intercalib rations has b een carried

- 21 -

out . There has been a continuing exchange o f air samples from C02 analy­sis between the Division and Pro fessor Keeling's group at S cripps Insti­tution of O ceanography, along with exchange o f standands tanks with the same group . Dr . P earman (Applied Physics Laboratory at Asphendale , Australia) has been carrying out performance comparison o f di fferent in­frared C02 analytical laboratories using a set o f reference standard g ases .

New instrumentation to detect lead in the marine environment combines

a Nuclide thermo-ionic source with a quadrupole mass spectrometer.

Trace Metals Section

(C . S . Wong - Head)

C . S . Wong - Lead, mercury in sea water P . Berrang (Visiting student, UVic) -

J . P iuze (NRC Postdoctoral Fellow) -K . W . J ohnson

Lead methodology and mass spec­trometry

Anodic stripping technique

The m ain obj e ctive o f the Section is to assess the natural and an­thropogenic inputs of physiologi cally signi f icant metals into the m arine environment, with special reference to coas t al and open o cean waters . As in the case o f ultra- trace hydro carbon analysis, trace metals s tudies re­quire dedicated clean lab oratories to seal off airb orne contaminants , in parti cular lead aerosols . Such a c le an shore lab oratory is in ful l opera­tion now and a shipbo ard portable clean laboratory is-being set up .

- 2 2 -

Lead is an element of great phys iologi cal s i gnifi cance and i t is ex­tremely difficult to de termine at the trace level due to atmos phe ric dus t and lead aeros ols . Analy ti cal techniques have been receiving much atten­tion in this p ro gram .

A flameles s atomi c ab s o rp t iome tric me th od wi th a fas t digital re­cording sys tem , set up in a speci al clean lab oratory , has b een in us e re­gularly in our t race me tals s tudies . This technique was us ed in our IDOE­inte rcalib ration on lead in s ea water with D r . C . C. Pat ters on ' s group at California Ins t i tute of Te chnology , and th e to tal analy tical blank in our clean lab oratory was among the bes t .

T o ut ilize lead is o t opes as a t race r , Mr . P . Berrang has b een develo­ping new ins t rumen tat ion by mat ing a Nuclide thermo- ionic sour ce to a quadrupole mas s spec trometer in a cooperative Ph . D . p rog ram b e tween our Divis ion and the Chemis try Department at UV ic . Dr . Piuze has been deve­lop ing the anodic s tripping voltmatric te chnique for rap id analys is of sea water for lead , cadmium, copper and z in c .

Mercury i n s ea water i n S aani ch Inlet and a t o cean we ather s tation P is being s tudied by an ultraviole t s pe c t rometric me thod , whi ch was inter­calib rated in June , 19 7 4 with D r . M. Bo thner wh o o riginated this te chni­que at the Oceano graphy Department , Unive rs ity o f Washington . Good agree­ment was ob tained and its applicat i on indi cated me rcury occurrence at 0 . 0 1- 0 . 05 ppb . levels in marine waters .

Chemical Monitoring Program at Station P

R . D . Bellegay - Coordinator of chemical program

C . M . J acks on K . W . Johns on

P . Munro F . McLaughlin ( CELL) B. Cox ( CELL )

Long-t e rm t rends o f chemi cal p arame te rs at ocean weather s tation P (SOON , l4s 0W) were monitored as a continuing e f f o r t o f the Divis ion .

Neus t on-net tows were made b e tween Vi ctoria and s tat i on P to c ollect tar b alls and o ther surface pollutants ; s amples o f t o t al diss olved aro­mati c hydro carb ons in s ur face waters were als o collected ; weekly s amples of atmos pher i c CO2 , surface alkalinity , t o t al C02 and surface r adio carb on were t aken ; continuous shipb oard inf rared measurements o f marine air C02 and p C02 we re made on a quarter-yearly b as is ; s amples o f nutrients were taken daily at s tation P to p rovide informat ion ab out long- term fluctua­tions in relation to circulation and the marine food chain. The weather­ship program als o included colle ction of t ritium s amples and meas urement of me rcury in s ea water .

- 2 3 -

Chemical Studies III CEPEX

C . S . Wong - Chi ef Investigator P . Munro A . B . Cornford - Carbon isotopes K . W . Johns on R . D . Bellegay C . G . Morgan ( Computer Services ) C .M . Jacks on R. Rennie ( CELL)

The Cont rolled Ecosys tem Pollution Exp eriment ( CEPEX ) is an interna­ti onal cooperative p rog ram to s tudy the effe ct of pollut ants on mixed trophic levels of pelagic marine o rganisms , us ing large enclosures of natural sea water in Saani ch Inle t . Two experiments h ave b een performed by Ocean Chemis try Division .

A dye diffus ion experimen t was carried out the rate of dispersal of water releas ed from the worked in coope ration with Dr . M . Takahashi of S i dney .

in Ap ril to inve s t igate enclos ures . The Divis ion the CEPEX Lab o ratory in

During a copper pollutant exp er iment in May (manned by o ther group s ) sea \vater s ample s were colle cted for analysis f o r l3C / 12 C ratio i n p re­parat ion fo r the s e cond experiment . During Septembe r and Octob e r two en­clos ures were us ed for a pC02 exp eriment . One contained natural sea wate r while the o ther was pois oned with coppe r .

Radi ocarb on s olut ion was als o added and s ampled later t o de termine i ts dist ribution in water and in marine organisms . Res ults are being p ro­cessed in p reparati on for full-scale parti cipation in further experiments in 19 7 5 / 7 6 .

Ocean Chemistry Division used large enclosures of sea water to study

the effect of biological uptake on the C02 system as part of the

Controlled Ecosystem Pollution Experiment (CEPEX) in Saanich Inlet.

26.2 26.3 SIGI�RT f-----l

150

(f) 'e ld .­'oJ "

IGO

6.S 1--- --4

- 2 4 -

1 /

Superimposed upon successive vertical profiles of density (at) are the

corresponding profiles of a derived quantity which may be interpreted

as an intensity of turbulent mixing, plotted to an arbitrary scale.

The vertical locations of three isopycnal surfaces are indicated by

arrows on each density profile, and on each of the corresponding tem­perature profiles shown below. Most of the mixing in these profiles

seems to occur in shear layers above and below a 'tongue' of warmer

water which intrudes between the two upper isopycnals.

*

*

- 25 -

OCEAN PHYSICS DIVISION

P . W . Nasmyth - Chief o f D ivision

The O cean Phys i cs Divis i on has again incre as ed s li ghtly t o a t o tal o f 4 1 permanent s cientific and technical pers onnel , o f whi ch 19 are p ro fess ional s cientists . Further cons o lidation o f the D ivi­s ion has t aken p lace at the Patricia Bay s i te of the new Ins t i tute of Ocean S ciences . The only maj or comp onent o f the Division not yet located at Pat Bay is the Fro zen Sea Res earch Group whi ch c annot be p r op erly accommodated unt il the Ins ti tute is comp leted . Three o r f our o ther s t ragglers remain on speci al as s ignments i n downtown Vic­t o ri a and in V ancouve r .

Over the p as t year increased emphas is has been placed on the phys ical o cean ography o f the Arctic and B . C . coastal waters resp ond­ing primarily to demands for a data b as e on whi ch to as sess the en­vironmental e f fects of indus trial development . It is ant i cipated that these trends will continue and intens i fy in the fores ee ab le future .

W . H . R. H .

K . L . F .

R.

Activities o f each Section are reported in the following p ages .

B e ll Bigham Gant zer Giovando Hlady

Coastal Zone Oceanography Section

D . M . Farme r - Head

G. Kami t akahara L . P . Landry J . H . Meikle D . G . S ieberg

* Left during 19 7 4

L . A . Spearing J . A. S t i ckland

Wi th the conclus i on of the f ie ld p ro gram in Bab ine Lake , our attention has returned to saltwater s tudies . We have als o spent cons iderab le e f fo rt on up grading and calib rating our ins trument a­tion . A new portab le f ield trans lation uni t for producing plo tted records f rom recording ins trument t apes has been built t o s p e ci fica­tion. Our lib rary of computer routines for p ro ces s ing current me ter data has b een sub s t antially increas ed . This year we als o gained ex­perience in radar- tracking dri f t dro gues in order to s tudy surf ace water movements .

The phys i cal o ceanographi c phas e o f the task force s tudy on the p roposed extension of V ancouver International Airport h as now been comp le t ed . The work included s ur face current s tudies us ing dye and dri f t drogues .

- 26 -

BABINE LAKE PROJECT

The extens ive phys i cal limnology field p rogram in B ab ine Lake was con clu­ded th is sp ring wi th the removal o f s everal the rmistor chains mo ored be­neath the ice . Th es e ins t ruments re co rded temperature eve ry 80 minutes from j us t b ene ath the i ce down to the lake b e d . Analysis has nmv begun on thes e data whi ch are p roviding a mos t de tai led pi cture of th e way in which the winter the rmal s truct ure o f a deep northern lake is laid down . As the surface laye r cools and deepens , the water in the deepes t part of the lake gradual ly warms , rising qui te sharply when conve ction re aches the b o t tom . Wind-gene rated dis turb an ces pene t rate to the deep es t parts of the lake and the s ub s equent coo lin g is marked by large tempetature fluctuat ions.

AfRI MAY I i4 1973

Temperature records taken at successive depths beneath

the ice of Babine Lake in spring. Solar radiation pene­

trates the ice, warming the water beneath and causing a

convective layer that increases in thickness with time.

- 27 -

This year the analysis o f radiation induced p enetrative conve ction be­neath lake i ce was completed. The results show that between 3 percent and 4 percent of the ene rgy releas e d by gravitational ins tab i li ty is recover­ed as p otential energy due to entrainment at the foot of the convective layer. Data gathered this spring showed exact ly the s ame type o f convec­t ive development beneath the i ce as had been obs e rved in 19 7 3 , thus tend­ing to support our opinion that the phenomenon is typ ical of i ce- covered l akes .

Analysis o f summer temperature data has revealed the repeated o c currence o f internal surges propagating along the lake . Thes e s teep non-linear in­ternal dis turb ances have been obs e rved in o ther long lakes , but their origin has not ye t been s atis factorily exp lained . The special feature o f the Babine data is that by obs erving them at s everal locations along the lake we are in a p o s i t i on t o learn more about thei r generation. The s urges appe ar to s tart as long internal waves in the s outhern bas in that s t eepen sharp ly as they p ropagate along the lake . This analys is o f in­ternal surges is being carried out j ointly with C . Lee o f the Ins titute of Oceanography , UBC.

F IORD OCEANOGRAPHY

Data reduction and analysis o f the large s e t o f current obs ervations f rom Howe Sound is now underway. A preliminary look at the data shows up in­let currents of as much as hal f a kno t p ers is ting for s everal days at 10 t o 30 metres dep th .

In Ap ril we obtained a short s eries o f current measurements at the j unc­tion o f Rupert and Holberg Inlets on V ancouver I s land. Its p roximity to a maj o r copp er mine and the re cent rap id increas e in turbidi ty make this an area o f p ractical concern. It is als o a region of cons iderable s cient i­fic interes t for it rep res ents an extreme example of rapid deep water ex­change in a f io rd.

Three current meters were moored behind the s ill o f Quats ino Nar rows. On every flood tide during the 21 days o f measurement the deepes t ins trument ( 5 m above the bottom) regis tered a s trong current (up to 3 kno ts) , f ar in exces s o f the measured current at shallower dep ths . That the rapid b o ttom flow was indeed a turbulent dens i ty current , resulting from high s alinity water s p illing over the s i l l , is c onfirmed by the s imult aneous c onductivi ty and temperatu re measurements .

The intens e s couring act i on o f this current and its subs equent upward de­f lection near the opposite shore may account for the high level o f ob­s erved turbidi ty . The oceanographi c p roblem is of p articular s ignifi­c ance , since the disp o s al of mine was tes involves bottom t ransport through this h ighly active area into the deep basin o f Holberg Inle t .

- 2 8 -

HEAT BALANCE IN AN OYSTER PRODUCING SOUND

This summer we undertook a heat balance study o f Pendre1 1 Sound, an im­portant oys ter spat p roducing area. The purpose o f this work was two fo ld: ( 1 ) To gain an unders t anding o f the formation and m aintenance o f the uni­que o ceanographi c conditions that f avour oys ter spat production, and ( 2 ) to es timate the advection o f surface water into and out of the s ound . Minimal adve ction is o f crucial importance to the survival o f oys ter spat , whi ch mus t remain in the warm surface waters of the s ound for up to three weeks in larval form . The intention is to rel ate fluctuations in the es timated heat b alance, whi ch necess arily excludes advective ef fects , wi th horizonta l motions measured by recording current meters. The s ub­s t ant ial data reduction work is now almost complet e and analys is is ex­pected t o be concluded by the summer o f 19 75 . This work is being carried out jOintly wi th D r . M . Miyake and W . Buckingham o f the Ins titute o f Oceano­graphy , UBC.

The launch Squamish moored alongside the Fisheries'

barge in Pendrell Sound. The launch was used in a

study of thermal structure and its influence on the

survival of oyster larvae.

P . B . Crean M . Foreman

- 2 9 -

Numerical Modelling Section

R. W . Stewart - Head

R. F . Henry P . J . Richards ( Computing S e rvi ce s )

A sys tem o f j oined one- and two-dimens i onal numeri cal models o f the b aro trop i c tidal coos cillat ion in the waters between V ancouve r Is land and the mainl and h as been develop e d . The mode l sys tem i s op­e rated by p rescrib ing elevations at two boundary openings , to the s outh at the entrance of Juan de Fuca S t rait and to the north in Johns t one S t rai t . An extended p rogram of tes ting involving res pec­tively the maj o r s emi-diurnal (M2) , diurnal (Kl) and mixed (61 con­s t ituent ) t i des has b een carried out .

The M2 t ri als were concerned es s ent ial ly wi th op timi z ing re­sults by adj us tment of frictional coeffi cients and the e f fects on the s o lution of the p arameterization of important conveying ch anne ls whi ch , though of limi ted geo graphical ex tent , are characterized by s t rong tidal currents�

The mos t imp o rtant res ults derived f rom this wo rk conce rned the inf luence o f wave speed and fricti onal diss ipation in Haro S t rait on the tidal e levati ons o f the S t rait o f Georgia and the Puget Sound sys tem. These fe atures had not b een app arent in e ar lie r vers ions o f the model where e levations were p rescribed at s eve r al boundary open­ings o f the S t rait o f Geo rgia.

Kl t idal trials showed that the overall frictional clas s i fi ca­tion app rop riate to an opt imal representation o f the M2 tide was s maller than th at requi red for the Kl tide.

T o ob tain as comp le te a rep resentation of the t ides as poss ib le trials emp loying a mixed tide included the 6 1 cons t i t uents availab le f rom the one-year t ide gauge reco r d . It was f ound necess ary to re­duce the ove rall frict ional dis s ipation further to op timi ze agree­ment b e tween the p redicted e levat ions b as e d on gauge data and those computed by the model for the interior of the region .

Joint field p rograms have b een undertaken w i th the Ins titute o f O ceanography , University o f British Columb i a , with the aim o f p ro­viding info rmation for future numerical s tudies on imp o r t ant p rob­lems concerning the b as i c circulation within the sys tem .

Thes e inc lude the float t racking and CSTD me asurements in the F ras er River p lume . S uch t racks permit us eful comparis ons b e tween the computed b arotropic tidal veloci ties and the obs erved mo tion o f the upp e r l ayer . In addi tion an extens ive b o dy o f STD data has been ob t ained in Juan de Fuca S t rait pertinent to the exchange o f water b e tween the sy s tem and the ocean . Thes e measurement s coincided with current meter ob s e rvations by the Tidal and Current Sect ion over a

en � � E :;::; c '" <.>

250.0 FINNERTY COVE - July 1969

observed ----------calculated

150.0

, 50.0 , '" � --,

0

50.0

150.0

250.0 .. �- 15 July 16 17 18 19 20 21

A comparison of predicted tidal elevations based on harmonic constants obtained from observations (dashed

curve) and the elevations computed by the numerical model (solid curves) for two representative locations, Point Atkinson (Strait of Georgia) and Finnerty Cove (Haro Strait) . The sequence of tides is reasonably

typical and extends over the period of July 15 to 21, 1969.

w o

- 31 -

cross section o f the S trait . These observat ions included stat ion patterns occupied in collabora tion with a vessel from the University o f Washington. One o f the important aims in this work is the pro­VlSlon of open boundary informat ion pertinent to future three­dimensional numerical s tudies . (Crean)

A large-area storm-surge model o f the southern Beaufort Sea ex­tending from Amundsen Gulf to Point Barrow and north to 74°N has been developed . Simulations o f severe storms wi th northwest winds m ade on this model show surge heights comparable with those in ac­tual surges recorde d . A small-area model is being programmed for more de t ailed study o f the shallow Mackenzie B ay-Cape Bathurst shelf , whi ch the large-area model indicates to be the area most prone to surges . (Henry)

ELEVRTIDNS IN eM.

Computed surge heights on Mackenzie

Bay-Cape Bathurst shelf in response

to prolonged 40-knot northwest wind.

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Offshore Oceanography Section

J . F . Garre t t - Head

* K. B . Ab b o t t-Smi th E . W . Marles B . G . Minkley

--;"\

*

C . A . R .

1 . S . E . L .

Left

de Jong Hart ley Hlady Kuwahara Lus comb e

in 19 7 4

( CELL )

D . B . Smi th ( Comp uting Servi ces )

S . Tab ata R . E . Thoms on

Memb ers o f this group were engaged in a wide variety of phys ical o ceanographic ac tivi ties this year , reflecting the b ro adening s cope of the regional p ro gram and dif fe ring interes ts o f the s cient is ts con­cerne d .

WEATHERSHIP OCEANOGRAPHY

This was the 18th year for the o ceanographic time s e ries at o cean weather s tation P ( SOON , l4S 0W ) with oceano graphe rs ab oard for seven o f the ten p atro ls . Physical o ceanographic data was pub lished in data re­port form, b ringing the total numbe r o f vo lumes in the series to 60 .

A change in our me thod o f ope ration began in November when a contract was let to Chemex Labs L t d . , of North Van couve r , to carry out the ship­b oard data and s amp le co llection on a t rial b asis on one o f the ships . I f this p roves s atis factory it is planned to extend this to both ships and eventually to the p roduction o f data rep orts , thus freeing s taff for prog rams of a more experimental nature . The importance o f this time series has been heightened by increas ing concern over climato lo­gical f luctuations and their p os s ib le ef fects on ",orld food supp lies . Withdrawal o f mos t weatherships b y o ther countries has also increas ed the value of the s e ries . ( Garre t t )

OCEANOGRAPHY ALONG LINE P

Certain types of o ceanographi c ob s ervat ions are made at regular 6-week intervals along line P ( from Juan de Fuca S t rait to s t at ion P ) and al­mos t con tinuously at o ce an s t ation P . Purpose of the ob s ervat ions is to de termine the variab i li ty of conditions o f f the Paci fic Coast and to monitor thes e condi tions for possib le fisheries , de fence and pollution app lications . Th e maj or task at the moment is the proces s ing and re­duc tion o f the large amount o f o ceanographi c data collected s ince 19 62 to analys ab le f o rma t . This will hopefully be comp leted within the next year .

M ,... O'J J .,...

A

S •

0

- 33 -

M ,... O'J .,...

� O'J .,...

145 140 TEMPERATURE 'c

135 Longllude (0 W )

130

Salinity ( % 0 ) and temperature ( Oe ) at a depth o f 3 m along line P during 197 3 and 197 4 . Hydrographic o r salinity-temperature-depth s tations are indi c ated by 0 while 3 m obs ervations are shown by e . Dashed l ines indi­cate times when continuous obs ervations were made . Some of the relative maxima and minima have been noted to pers ist for 2 years .

In the meantime the quality o f s urface ( 3 m) temp erature and s alinity ob s erved continuous ly along line P has imp roved c ons iderab ly during the pas t two years and h as permitted the res o lution of fine s urface features along the line . Areas o f re lative maximum and minimum tem­perature and s alinity have b een determined with more confidence than in the p as t . S e a surface temperature meas urements made along line P during 19 74 indi cate that wh ile the winter temperatures in 19 74 were generally similar t o thos e o f the p revious winter , the s ummer tempe ra­tures were generally higher than during the p revious summer , by app­roximate ly 1° C . There appears t o have been a warming trend along the line s ince the s umme r of 19 7 3 . Within a few hundred kilomet res o f the coas t of Vancouver Is land the s al inity was generally lower in 19 7 4 than i n 19 7 3 . However , farther o f f sh ore the s alinity was s li gh t ly higher , ab out 0 . 1% 0 , in 19 7 4 . The 3 2 . 0 % 0 is ohaline extended ap­proximately 200 km farther o ff shore than during 19 7 3 .

125

- 34 -

�he relative mlnlmum s alini ty observed h al fway along the line has been f ound to pers is t f rom J anuary 19 7 3 through Decembe r 19 7 4 . A s omewhat les s -marked s alini ty minimum oc curred t o the eas t o f s tat ion P . Between these two minima o c curred a relative maximum . All o f these features have been obs e rved t o p ers i s t for at leas t two years . At o ther parts o f the line a number of relative maxima and minima o c curred which las ted for less than one year . The pos itions of the main s alinity mlnlmum coincide with those of minimum temperature as did those of the s a linity maximum and maximum tempe rature .

Whe re maxima occurred the geo s trophic s urface current (which could be de termined only when a sufficient number o f STD s tations were o ccup ied along the line ) was directed northward ; where minima oc curred it was dire cted s outhward . However , i t would require more data to determine if this occurrence of geos t rophic flow is always ass o ciated with the relative maxima and minima o f temperature and s alinity . I f this ten­dency h olds i t wil l be p o s s ib le in the future to predict , in a crude way , s ome asp e cts o f the det ailed oceanographi c transport o ff the coas t of V ancouver I s land . (Tabata)

PLANETARY WAVES

Work is als o continuing on the exp lanation for the relatively large high frequency vert ical variab ility o f temperature in certain regions along line P . The re are indications that thes e variations pos s es s a dominant Four ier s cale leng th o f between 30 to 60 me tres and that they are in s ome way ass ociated with b o t tom topographic effect s .

In connection with this and the high variability in o ther parame ters along line P (e . g . dynamic height anomaly ) , a theory o f trapping of p lane tary wave mo tions over the rough bo t tom topography regime off the B . C . coas t is being develop ed . (Thoms on)

POTENTIAL VORT I CITY WITHIN THE OCEAN

An extens ive analy tic s tudy o f the balance o f to tal vo rticity ( p lanet ary vo rtici ty , relative vorticity p lus t op o graphi cally induced vor ticity) app l ic able to any o ce an has been completed . This s tudy has shown that the only way vo rticity in the ocean can be alte red is via molecular dif fus i on at the o ceanic boundaries or vi a advec tive input through the free upper surface . The s te ady s tate balance is then be tween the sur­face wind s tres s and mole cular dif fus ion at s o lid s urfaces .

This work has further demons trated that horizontal turbulent mixing of potential vor ticity is not c ap able o f gene rating ne t vorticity wi thin the o cean as s ome re cent theo ries have sugges ted . Cons equent ly the sve rdrup relation is an accurate des crip t ion of th e vorticity balance in the o ceani c interior . (Thoms on)

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PHY S ICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE B . C . COAST

A series o f p opular articles on the Phys ical Oceanography of the C anad­i an wes t coas t is b eing written for Pacific Y acht ing , a magaz ine o f over 15 , 000 circulation p ub lished in Vancouver for b oaters of B . C . and the U . S . Northwes t .

The leas t known aspect o f phys i cal o ce anography o f f the coas t o f Bri t ish Columbia is the current pattern. Except for a small numb er of drif t s tudies , the only info rmation cons ists o f the geos trophi c current s in­ferred from s tudies of oceanographic p roperties in the region .

During 19 7 3 the geos trophic t ransport of water ( relative t o the 1000-decibar s urface) along the s e c ti on of line P within 400 ki lometres of the coas t of V ancouver Island was noticeab ly southward. Th is s outherly trans port has b een noted to oc cur from t ime to t ime p revious ly , but i t appe ars to have been more pers is tent i n 19 7 3 than i n the p as t .

An examination o f the his torical synop tic data collected in the p as t , b etween 1950 and 196 7 , indi cates that during the s ummer such s outhward transport along the coas t of Vancouver Is land is a common o ccurrence , although the width of the curren t varies from year to year and the spa­tial exten t varies from t ime to time . During 195 8 p arti cularly and in 19 6 1 the southerly transport was b e t ter developed than in o ther years . The s outh erly flow is not cont inuous along the Paci fic co as t b ut appears to b e ass ociated with the occurrence of eddies or a meandering current o f f the coas t .

One o f the more s triking examp les o f this is the anticyclonic eddy with its cent re located a few hundred mi les wes t of S itka , Alaska. I t occurred at the s ame lo cation i n the sp ring and s ummer o f 19 5 8 and dur­ing the summers of 19 6 0 and 19 6 1 . The geos t rophi c current ( s urface) and the volume transport o f the eddy was as high as 34 cm/ sec and 10 sverdrups ( 106 m3 / s ec ) , respectively . These magnitudes were in excess of the corresponding values in the region of the s tronges t p ortion of the Alaska Current and are th erefore s igni fi can t to the circulation sys tem in the northeas t Pacific Ocean . Becaus e such an eddy i s lo cated in the path of the p roposed Trans -Alaska Pipeline Sys tem ( TAP S ) tanker route i t is likely t o have b e aring on future p rob lems related to the movement and dispers ion of spills o f crude oil in the area. ( Tabata)

- 36 -

Geopotential anomaly ( Joules /ki logram) at the surface

relati ve to lO OO-de c ib ar surface in the northeast

Pacific Ocean during l ate spring of 1961. Anti­

cyc lonic eddies lying off the coast frequently res ult

in poleward flow along the coast .

GRAVITY WAVES IN THE ATMOSPHERE

The p ropagation of gravi ty waves in the atmosphe re in the presence o f a mean wind having a random ve locity shear in the vertical is b e ing in­ves tigate d . Results indicate in more det ai l the e f fect o f adve ction on growth o r decay o f such waves as they p ropagate upwards . (Thoms on)

BEAUFORT SEA SURFACE CURRENTS

As p art of the special s tudy to determine the potential hazards o f ex­ploratory drilling for o i l in the Beaufort S ea Continental Shelf , a program o f surface current meas urements was attemp ted in the s umme r o f 19 7 4 . Th ree obj ectives o f the s tudy were :

1 . t o me asure the near surface currents in open water regions ,

2 . to determine whe ther there were pers i s tent feature s , and

3 . to s tudy the res pons es to winds and changing outflow o f the Mackenzie River.

The results will help es timate the prob ab le e f fects o f the currents on the movement o f s p i l led oil or o ther contaminan ts .

In view o f the large area to b e covered ( 200 miles x 100 miles ) and the already he avy commit tment of the avai lab le ship s , it was decided t o

- 3 7 -

conduct the s tudy entirely with aircraf t . A dro gue and p anel marke r sys­tem was developed whi ch could be d ropped from f ixed wing aircraft equipped wi th Decca navi gation , and whi ch was vis ib le from dis t ances of 3 miles at 3 , 000 feet . Att ached to this was a VHF radiob eacon for track­ing the drogues from dis t ances up t o 30 miles .

Although this sys tem turned out to b e les s than perfect , as might b e ex­pected from a firs t t ry , all p rob lems wi th i t were overshadowed by the reluctance o f the ice p ack to move out of the area of interes t . By modi fying the dri f te rs to work in shallowe r water and by p lacing s ome radiob eacons on i ce f loes enough ob servations were ob tained t o indicate that the technique was p ractical, and that the s urface current regime was high ly dep endent on local we athe r patt erns .

The field work and data analyses were carried out under cont ract by Dob ro cky Seatech of V i ctoria. (Garre t t )

J . D . J . W .

R. A.

R. A. A . E . S . W .

Frozen Sea Research Group

E . L . Lewis - Head

Bradbury P . Oswald Butcher ( Computing S ervi ces ) R. G . Perkin Cooke D . L . Ri chards Koppel R . B . S udar Lake D . R . Topham ( Cons ultan t ) Moody E . R. Walke r Moorhous e P . Wadhams (Pos tdoctoral Fellow)

Four field operations were carried out during the year , doub le our average . Th ree in Greely F iord ( 80 0 36 ' N , 79 ° 35 ' W) allowed obs ervations covering the fiord ' s res pons e to runo ff b e fore and during an entire mel t s eason .

Meas urements include river runo ff ( made by b o th wading and dye release te chniques ) ; snow dep th and den s i ty vari ations wi th t ime , g lacier and iceberg movement ; s ea i ce movement and melt . In addition the s tandard oceanographic measurement s of tem­perature and s alini ty were carried out in Ap ril us ing t racked vehicles , and in Augus t from a boat . The variations of thes e p arameters along the fi ord we re no ted .

During the firs t o f these trips in Ap ril current meters were p laced on the sea b ed near the s i ll of the fiord and j us t b e­neath the s e a ice cover . The ins t ruments te lemetered b o th speed and directional info rmation b ack to the b ase until the summer b reak-up .

- 3 8 -

Four s treams running int o d ' Ibe rville Fiord were gauged during 19 7 4 . Although one of these gaugings was qualitative , the pattern of runoff from s outh- s lop ing , north-s loping and gla­ciated b as ins was es t ab lished . Precip i t at ion recorde d at the s i t e showed 0 . 6 4 inches of rainfall in one day in Augus t and wel l over an inch in three days . The s e amount s are very large compared with p recip i t ation records in the high Arcti c , and caus ed the highes t s tre am water f lows o f the year with cons equent heavy eros ion o f thaw-softened banks .

A s ingle field operation in Camb ridge B ay ( 69 ° N , 105 °W) in Feb ruary attemp ted to answer s ome of the ques t ions regarding water movement in mid-winter th at had b een pos ed by our pre­vious s tudies . Our ultras oni c cur rent meter ( a Ch ris tian Michels en Ins ti tute des i gn) whi ch will meas ure veloci ties down to 1 rom / s e c was dep loyed at various locations wi th mos t interes t ing results . Currents as s o ci ated with internal waves , seiche frequencies o f the b ay , t idal fluctuat ions and th e movement o f dens e water mas ses down the s loping s ides of the b ay were recorde d .

Time-lap s e cameras wi th t imers operating to an accuracy o f ± 2 s econds a day a t t emp eratures down to -40 C were developed and us ed in the field. Ins talled in Augus t , for example , they can be p rogrammed t o swi t ch on the following March and thereafter take up to 3 , 600 photographs at programmed intervals . The s ame timer was used to trigger automatic s t ream water s amp le rs develop ed for us e with the dye inj e ction technique for s t re am flow . The year s aw the firs t ins tallat ion of modified Aande raa current me ters for us e wh ere the earth ' s hori zontal magne tic field is insuffi cient to p rovide a direct ional ref­erence. Telemetry equipment was a t tached to these ins t ruments and the comp lete dep loyment sys tem , for us e through a sea i ce cover in up t o 800 metres water dep th , received its firs t operation al t e s t ing with great s ucces s .

Pro fessional s taff h ave b een heavily involved in t ask forces concerned with indus t ri al developments in Arct i c regions . The s e relate p rimarily to indus try p ropos als to put mine t ailings into the sea at various locations , and to the ' oil­in- ice ' p ro gram of the Beaufort Sea Proj ect . Many Canadian Arc t i c o ffshore p roj e ct s come to Frozen Sea Research Group for comment on phys ical o ceanographic cons equences , and this aspect of FSRG work now o ccup ies approximately 50 percent of the Group ' s time .

A s tudy o f the Arctic water-shed in the vi cinity o f FSRG Greely Fiord Bas e has b e gun in coop erat ion with the Glacio­logy Division of Inland Waters and the Hali fax office of Water Survey o f Can ada.

- 39 -

Ocean Mixing Section

P . W . Nasmyth - Head

R. C . Teichrob A. E . Garg e t t G . W . Chas e L . Beauchemin ( CELL )

An inves tigation o f the o c currence o f turb ulent mixing with respect to o ceani c fine s tructure has b een c arried out , us ing data ob tained in 19 7 2 wi th the t owed turbulence sys tem in cycling mode . The s i gnal from a high f requency response p latinum film thermome ter is used , with the local mean verti cal temp erature gradient , to produce variab les p ropor­tional t o the heat f lux and to an eddy dif fus ivity for heat . Along with measured values for the local s al ini ty and density gradients , this infor­mation has b een used to examine s ome ques t ions o f interes t to the general understanding of t urb ulence in the o cean .

Results indicate that the oceani c thermocline i n the North Pacific can b e divided into inactive and active regions , on the b asis of differ­ing mixing charac te ris tics . Inact ive regions have mono tonic vert i cal profiles of temperature , s alini ty , and dens i ty , and only ab out 5 percent of the vo lume is t urbulent . Turbulence in such regions is prob ab ly caus ed by sporadic shear ins tab i li ties . In contras t , active regions are characterized by s ub s t antial invers i ons of t emperature and/ o r s alinity wi th dep th , although the density p ro f iles remain s t ab le for vertical scales larger th an roughly one me tre . Turb u lent mixing o c cupies an average 12 percent of the volume of such regions , and may be due t o either o r b o th of two mechanisms : increas ed shear , generating turbulence at the b oundaries of intrus ive features whi ch p rodu ce the t empe rature and s al ini ty invers i ons ; and doub ly dif fus ive p ro ces ses whi ch b ecome p o s s ib le due t o the differing mo le cular di ffus ivi t ies of s alt and heat , in regions where the tempe rature and s alini ty gradients have the s ame sign . . The ob servations indi cate that the l atter mechanism does operate in active regions , where the local p roperty inversions are favourab le . The main res ults s ugges t that much o f the vertical mlxlng o f p roperties in the upper layers of the o cean may res ult from the quas i-horizontal pro ces ses whi ch p roduce vertical fine s tructure .

Work is p ro ceeding on the analysis of the high- frequency during the maj or cruise carried

s o f tware development needed t o temp erature and velocity data

out by the Se ction in 19 7 3 .

carry out recorded

No new data have been colle cted th is year . All availab le e f fort has been devoted t o development of a new sys tem for micros t ructure / t urbulence measurement from Pis ces IV . A comp ac t , high- c ap acity dat a acquis ition unit has b een des i gned and cons t ructed b y contrac t . Th is unit wi l l ac­cep t a mix of analogue and digital inputs up to a total of 3 2 channe ls , and records all s i gnals s erially in special format on video tap e . New miniaturized ins trumentation for temperat ure , velo city and conductivity is in p rep aration and p reliminary sea t rials will be undertaken in January 19 75 .

- 40 -

It has b e c ome c lear that Pis ces IV is not suf fi ciently s t ab le in either p i t ch or yaw in mid-water flight to mee t the requi rements o f this program. Wind tunne l tests have therefore b een undertaken on a mode l and the b as i c requirements for a s e t o f s t ab ilizing f ins have been es tab­lished . A cont ract is now being ne got iated for des ign , cons truction and f i t t ing o f full- s cale f ins on the P is ces IV .

Remote Sensing Section

J . F . R . Gower - Head

J . S . Wallace R . A . Nevil le (NRC Pos tdo c toral

Fellow )

J . Marko I . Daniel D. Truax

(Contrac t ) (Contrac t ) ( Cont ract)

Satellite imagery continues to inc reas e in usefulnes s and varie ty for o cean and ice s tudies . Digi tal ERTS- l data was pro ces s e d to enhance j o int radi ance changes over water and the 4-b and spe ctral s i gnatures of ch anges due to waves , s i l t and atmospheric e f fects were inves t i gated . A varie ty o f ERTS- l image p roducts was collected and us ed to reduce the p roperties and extent o f arctic ice , and of the Macken­z ie Rive r plume .

NOAA s atellite vis ib le and infrared imagery is being us ed increas ingly for s tudies of i ce . Digital NOAA data t apes have b een proces s e d to enhance i ce features , correct for geomet rical image dis tortions , and enhance s urface temperature features .

Air pho tos we re taken in s upport o f s tudies o f the Fraser River p lume us ing mo tor-driven 35 mm c ame ras with f isheye and wide- angle lens es mounted in a light aircraft . These showed the extent o f the s ur face p lume at dif ferent s tates of the tide and gave s ome information on the move­ments o f dri f t ing surf ace t argets . Air ph otos we re als o t aken ove r Quats ino Narrows to show the dis tribution o f mine t ai lings i n s urface wate r . Tes ts o f the Kodak SO- 22 4 water penetration f i lm were als o c arried out .

Data f rom tes t flights wi th the B oeing 7 20 research aircraf t on us e o f a navigation doppler radar to indi cate s ea surf ace currents were analysed, and showed that the technique has promis e for rap id coas tal current surveys .

Work wi th the As t ronomy Department o f VBC in deve­lopmen t o f the s i l i con diode 256 channel spect rome ter con­t inued until the ins t rument was delivered in Sep temb e r . It is now b eing p repared for flight tes ts early in 1975 , and

- 41 -

wi ll be us ed p rimarily for ocean colour measurement s under day light illumination . The ins trument is als o sui t ab le for airb o rne s i gnature measurements in a variety o f o ther fields .

An LTN- s l inertial navigation sys tem was b ench and flight- tested for a varie ty o f tasks and has now b een in­corp orat ed into the MIDAS ine rtial navigation and data ac­quis it ion system, which was delivered in S ep temb e r by Macdonald De t twiler Asso ciates . The uni t can p rovide the b as ic navi gation , at ti tude measuring and data handling p ackage for mos t airb orne s ens ing p rograms .

BEAUFORT SEA PROJECT

A . R . Milne - Project Manager A . L . Wats on - Project Coordinator

B . D . Smiley - Project Biologist D . L . Aanhout - Secretary

The Beaufort Sea Proj ect is a maj o r Arctic marine environment al as sessment pro gram f inanced by the Fede ral Government and 18 com­p anies of the Arctic Petro leum Operator ' s As s o ci at ion . Mos t 19 74 res earch for the 3 2 proj ect s tudies was carried out in the region of the Beaufort S ea in which o f f shore exploration leases have been granted to oil companies .

The Ins t i tute o f Ocean S ciences , Patricia Bay is the lead agency in the management o f the Beaufort Sea Proj e c t . The Proj ect Manager reports to a DOE Beaufort Sea S teering Commi ttee headed by D r . R . W . S tewart , Director General , o f the Ins ti tute . Other members are D r . J . Clodman , Director o f Me teorological S ervi ce and D r . A . Macphers on , Director Gene ral , Wes tern Regi on , Environmental Management S ervice .

Under the terms of the agreement between the Federal Government and the oil indus try , s i gned May 15 , 19 7 4 , Government will coordinate the Beaufort Sea environmental s tudies and maint ain cos t cont rol . The Government als o retains f inal authority over the specifi cations of works , and of the award and adminis t ration of cont racts . The Proj ect O ff i ce has undertaken thes e duti es in addit ion to the gen­eral expedi t ing o f field op erations ( caching of fuel s tocks , char­tering aircraft , p rovisioning and out fi t t ing ship s , supplying field camp s ) out o f Po lar Continental Shelf Proj ect at Tuktoyaktuk .

Beaufort S ea Proj ect Interim Reports have lished under the s upervis ion o f the Proj e c t for comp le tion o f s tudies is Novemb e r 19 75 .

b een comp iled and pub­O f f ice . The t arget date

- 42 -

MV Pandora I I , on long-term charter to the Institute , arrived at Patricia

Bay in June to prepare for her f irst ass ignment . As mothership to Pisces

IV she spent the s ummer in the Ar ctic on duty for the Beaufort Sea Pro j e ct

Two charter ves se ls , the MV Theta and the s ubme rs ib le-support ves sel MV P andora I I were us ed during the summer , the forme r as support for of fshore marine geophysi cal s tudies , the latter for oceanographic , fisheries and b iological s tudies . The ship s left Vi ctori a in e arly June es corted by the i ce-b reaker CCGS Cams e l l . They we re de layed by severe i ce conditions near Point B arrow and did no t reach the s tudy area until Augus t 9 , ab out three weeks late . We ather and ice con­ditions imp roved later in the s umme r but the sh ips were not ab le to reach all areas originally planned .

With the th reat of an early freeze-up and the p roximity o f the polar i ce , the MV The t a and MV P andora II left the Beaufort Sea on S eptem­ber 7 . The s omewh at res tricted cruises hindered s ome s tudies but o ther transport including heli cop ters and fixed wing aircraft were used as alternatives for data and s ample gathering .

The f ield programs mos t s everely affected by the advers e sea- ice condit ions were s tudies of ice s couring of the s ea-b o t t om , tides and b o t t om currents , and s urf ace currents . The res earchers involved from the Ins ti tute of Ocean S ciences , Patricia BaY , and the Geologi­cal Survey of Canada are now as sess ing the implications of the shortened s e as on on their work and are developing p ropos als for com­p letion of their work in 19 75 .

- 43 -

S cienti s t s of the Arctic Biological S tat i on and the Freshwater Ins titute carried out s tudies on fish , marine mammals , b acteria and aquat ic inve rteb rates .

The Canadian Wildlife Servi ce acce lerated on-go ing research of sea­b irds , s eals , whales and polar bears . Physical and chemical oceano­graphi c s tudies , including ' oil-in- i ce ' experimentat ion , are being undertaken by the Ins t i tute of Ocean S ciences , Patricia Bay .

O ther work involves geophys ical s tudies b y the Geological Survey of the Department of Ene rgy , Mines and Res ources , me teorological s tudies by the Atmospheric Environment S ervice and o i l clean-up s tudies by the Environment Protection S ervice .

FREQ U E N C Y D I S T R I BU T I O N OF CURR E N T SPEED & D I R ECT I ON

SIN . NO . HS-5S DEPTH 3 M . STRRT I N G DRTE : 1 71 1 1 73 N O . OF SRMPLES = 1 804

A three-dimensional graphi cal presentation of the relationship

between current speed and direction, representative of results

obtained in a s tudy of circulation and flushing in Howe Sound

by Coas tal Zone Oceanography Section.

R . E . J ohns J . W . Butcher A . N . D ouglas

C . G . Morgan

- 4 4 -

OCEAN ENGINEERING DIVISION

Computing Services Section

K. Teng - Head

P . J . Ri chards (wi th FSRG)

(with Numeri-cal Model ling )

(wi th Tidal D . B . Smi th (with Offshore and Current ) O ceanography )

(wi th Ocean A . L . Woollard (wi th Tidal Chemis try ) and Current)

During 19 74 K. Teng and R. Johns p articipated in a s tudy that examined region­al depa rtmental computing requi rements for th e next s eve ral years . Pos s ible s olut ions included common s e rvice b ureau , in-h ous e hardware , and faci li ties management . At year ' s end a rep ort with findings and recommendati ons was be­ing p repared by O t tawa memb e rs o f the Wes t Coas t EDP Commi ttee for p res enta­tion t o s enio r regional management early in 19 75 . At p resent the bulk o f our external computing is processed at th e UEC Computing Centre through a C omte rm remo te batch te rminal located at Patricia Bay .

C ons ide rab le hardware was acqui red by various groups . Comp uting Servi ces add­ed a magne tic tap e drive to the C omterm for ret rieving p lot files from the UB C c omputer sys tem ; an HP 2 100A mini- computer and a Calcomp 5 6 3 p lotter to per­form o f f- line plotting , and a Tekt ronix 4010 graphical disp lay with hard-copy unit f o r p reviewing p lot information . Coas tal Z one acqui red a PDP 8 / f sys­tem wi th a 6 - channel chart re co rde r for field trans lat ion and display of data colle c ted on Aande raa current me ter tapes .

The Fede ral Building (Tidal and Current) sys tem was up graded with a 32K HP 2 100S p ro cess or and a Versatec 1100A p rinte r /p lotter . The HP 2 116B was moved to Patri ci a B ay to b e come the CPU for the primary data conve rs ion sys tem , f reeing the HP 2 115A for shipbo ard us e in 19 75 . Ocean Mixing purchas ed an HP 5451B Fourier Analyzer ( inc luding a 32K HP 2 100 S computer and various peri­pheral s ) to sup p lement the P I S CES data acquisiti on sys tem and to p e r fo rm re­lated data p roces s ing .

Field Hydrography acquired a s e cond PDP 8 / e for us e on the C S S Wil liam J . S tewart . In the fall , addit ional hardware and s o f tware was o rdered to b ring this sys tem and one on the CS S P arizeau to a s imilar enh anced leve l .

The Oce an Chemis t ry PDP 11/ 10 was up graded with a magnetic tape drive and a SUb-sys tem to handle lab oratory pe riphe rals . Th is sys tem was on board the C CGS Quadra during the GATE voyage .

A computerized financial accoun ting and rep or ting sys tem went into ope ration for fis cal 19 74- 7 5 . Programming was done by K. Teng and J . Inks ter ( on con­t ract ) . Data entry to input fo rms is the res p ons ib i lity of the Accounting S ection ; keypunching is done, by Alpha-Data ( on cont ract) ; ope rational runs are performed by E . Wong ( on contrac t ) . This sys tem is p roviding mo re time ly and more us ab le information to financial manage rs than was formerly availab le .

- 45 -

SHIP DIVISION

E . N . Geldart - Regional Marine Superintendent

F . S . Green , As sis tant Marine Superintendent ( de ck )

D . Marr , As s i s t ant Marine Superintendent ( enginee ring)

The Pacific Region Ship D ivision provided ship , launch and depo t support a s required for the 19 7 4 hydrographic and s cientific p roj ect s . These activi ties are briefly describe d .

CS S PARIZEAU

Mas ter , A . G . Chamberlain Chief Engineer , B . N . Aaron

Following annual re f i t and drydocking at Yarrows Ltd . , Victoria , B . C . , CSS Parizeau was emp loyed in the f o llowing roles : current me ter­ing (DOE ) , o f f shore oceanography (DOE ) , biology ( IOUBC) , phys ics ( IOUBC) . From March 15 to October 2 0 this ves sel was sub s tituted for CCGS Quadra on weather s tation P while Quadra had b een ass igned during this period to a maj or international exercis e , the GATE in the equa­torial Atlanti c . Despite her small s ize , Parizeau rendered yeoman service on this as s ignment and recorded no loss o f t ime from s tat ion . Later in the fall a current me ter p roj ect was s upported for DOE prior t o the ship ' s annual ref i t .

CSS WM . J . STEWART

Mas te r , K . J . Sj oho lm Chie f Engineer , J . D . Henderson

·C S S Wm . J . S tewart was drydocked and ref i t te d in Y arrows L td . , V i c­toria , B . C . and p repared for the hydrographic survey seas on which be­gan April 16 . The areas of work this year included Geo rgia S trai t , Skeena Rive r es tuary , B arkley Sound and Jervis Inlet . Hydrographic activity ended in mid-Oc tobe r and the ship was p repared and closed down for its us ual winter decommiss i on period .

C S S VECTOR

Mas ter , J . C . Mars t on Chief Engineer , G . W . Clouston

Following the January annual refit and drydocking , CSS Vector supported the following activi ties : UVic (biology , chemis try and ' man­in- the-sea ' ) , IOUBC (physi cs , b iology , chemis t ry ) , EMR ( geology ) , DOE ( chemis t ry , res earch and devel opment ) , PEl ( chemis t ry ) . Areas o f op­erations were along the s outhern B . C . coas t includin� mainland inlets and wes t coas t of Vancouver Is land .

- 46 -

C S S RI CHARDSON

Master , C . M . McIntyre Chie f Engineer , J . N . Henderson

A fairly act ive year was recorded by C S S Ri chards on . Following p reparation for s ervice this small ve s s e l was employed by DOE us ers for a s ewage dispe rs al expe riment , a Fraser Rive r plume s tudy , current me tering and revis o ry surveys .

CFAV LAYMORE

Mas ter , M . J . Dyer Chief Engineer , H . R . Doherty

CFAV Laymore cont inued t o s e rve the sc ientific community unde r the exis ting j oint financial arrangement , i . e . funding 75 percent DOE , 25 p e rcent DND . Users were - IOUBC ( chemis try , phys ics , bio logy , geophy­sics ) ; DND (diver training , accous tics ) ; UVic (bio logy , chemis try) ; PEl ( e cology , chemis t ry ) , and S imon Fraser Univers i ty ( Fras e r River s tudies ) .

MV RAD IUM EXPRES S

Mas ter , J . O ' S ul livan Chief Engineer , W. Butler

The Northern Transportation Company Ltd . char ter vessel MV Radium Expres s c omp le ted its thi rd success ful s eason on the Mackenz ie Rive r hydrographic survey . Unfortunately the ship was later caught down­r iver b y the early free ze-up with s everal othe r NTCL c raft , and this may delay the s t art of the 19 7 5 survey . A new aluminum , j et-prope lled s urvey launch has been des i gned and cons tructed to rep lace the old Whaler I , a veteran of f ou r arduous seas ons in the north . Her s ea t rials look p romis ing .

MV PANDORA I I

Mas ter , R . Dickins on Chief Engineer , R. Ward

A new ship , MV Pandora I I , j o ined the Division on March 12 . This ship , on charter for five years , has the b as i c des ign characte rist ics of an o f fshore oil rig t ende r ves s e l modi f ied to accommodate the sub­me rsib le Pis ces IV and s t aff and s ix scientists . As can be expected in a new ship we were b e s e t wi th a mult itude o f teething p rob lems . Thes e have mainly b een overcome and Pandora I I is develop ing into a us eful working unit . Her maj or role was in the we s tern Ar ctic in supp ort of the Beaufort S ea P roj ect .

Fo llowing her return t o Victoria Pandora II accommodat ed a subme r­s ib le s ta f f training p rogram , and a subme rs ib le handling exercise in the rough open waters of f Vancouver Is land ' s wes t coas t .

- 4 7 -

MV THETA

Mas t e r , K . Maro Chief Engineer , A. Johannsen

MV Theta was chartered for a 100 day period , commencing on June 20 , 1974 , for the Beaufort Sea Proj ect . This ship dep arted Victoria in early July and was escorted around Point B arrow and through the wes tern Arctic by the CCGS Cams ell . Like her accompanying ves sel , Pandora I I , she encountered excep tionally heavy ice condi t i ons in the Beaufort Sea working areas whi ch cancelled a large p ort ion of the programmed work .

PISCES IV

Ope rations Officer , G . Meek Chief Pilot , P . S . Le Gallais

Pisces IV , our deep-dive submersib le , has also experienced innumer­ab le tee thing prob lems but now shows s i gns of deve loping into a valu­ab le ins trument for oceanographers . The old wooden barge from which she operated has been replaced by the new mo thership , MV Pandora I I . The app ointment of Maj . G . Me ek a s head of the Pis ces IV team i s ex­pected to further improve the capab ilities of this arm of the service .

CSL REV ISOR

CSL Revis or ' s activi ties were s omewhat reduced this ye ar . She was us ed in conj unction with Pis ces IV , Tidal and Current , Sai ling D irec­tions and Revis ory Surveys ope rations .

LAUNCHES

All o ther launches operated very s atis factorily , wi th only very minor b reakdowns , during the yea r . The credit for this favourab le s i­tuation is shared by the Depot s taff , by the operators and by the us ers .

DEPOT

The Depot and as s o ciated s t aff continued to perform multitudinous tasks of repair and maintenance of launches , building maintenance and the cons truction and repair of a variety o f obj ects for Pacific Region .

- 48 -

K l t J ma t A r m

Dean Channel

.Bella Cool a

2 -4

C R U I SES

Parizeau - 1 Vecto r - 2

W.J. Stewart - 3

Laymore - 4 R ichardso n - 5

Pandora I I - 6

- 49 -

MANAGEMENT SERVICES DIVISION

N . A . Todd - Chief

INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES , PATRICIA BAY

Much p ro gres s was made during 19 7 4 with regard to the new Ins t i­tute of O cean S ciences wh i ch will hous e the s t aff o f Pacific Region of Ocean and Aquatic Affairs and uni ts of the Departmen t o f Ene rgy , Mine s and Res our ces .

Early in the year archite ctural consultants , Toby , Rus s e l l , Buckwell and P artners we re appointed . A proj ect management team con­sis ting o f the Dep artment o f Pub lic Works , the Dep artment of the En­vi ronment and the archi tects was set up . Under the dire ction o f this team the Proj ect Brief was comp le ted in March and Department al approval of the des ign was ob tained in May .

Simultaneous ly a make or buy analysis was be gun . Typ ical pro­j e cts for b o th Dep artments were advertised in the Mar ch issue o f the DSS Research and Devel opment Bulletin . Fol lowing a s t rong res p ons e from indus t ry the p resent programs of b o th dep artments , p lus proj e cted programs for the next de cade , were analysed to p redi ct the percent age of work wh ich could be cont racted out . This amounted to 6 1 percent for DOE and 4 8 per cent for EMR in 19 84- 85 . The two-vo lume make or b uy re­port was completed in July and was favourab ly reviewe d by the Minis try of S tate for Science and Technology .

Treasury B oard approvals for the wharf and land faci lities were given November 21 , s omewhat later than s cheduled . A contract for $ 3 , 9 10 , 000 for cons truct ion of marine s t ruc tures has been awarded to Fraser P i le Driving Company Ltd . Cont racts for the b ui ldings are to be let unde r the cons tructi on management concep t wh ich allows a numb er of smaller cont racts to be awarded as required, to greater economic advan­tage . Es timated cos t o f the bui ldings is $ 16 mil lion , with completion date s cheduled for summe r 19 7 7 .

Support required from Adminis trative Servi ces incre as ed during 19 7 4 .

The Pers onne l Uni t was trans ferred from Management S ervi ces to the Area Pers onnel O f fice , Vancouve r , early in the year . Personne l s taff located in Victoria have continued t o give high quality service , but prob lems have increas ed du ring the year and i t is clear that s t rong s teps mus t be t aken to improve other pers onne l s e rvi ces if operating e f f iciency is not to be fur ther adversely af fected .

The computeri zed ac counting sys tem was made fully operat ional in 19 7 4 , due in large me asure t o the dedi cated eff orts of the Head o f Com-

- 5 0 -

p uting Servi ces . Cont inuing development o f the program will p rovide be tter management info rmation s ervice .

A s tart was made in es tab lishing a mode rn materiel management sys tem. Miss Caro line Szeto , an MBA s t udent , s t udied regi onal needs and p roduced a rep ort which will form the b as is for an inventory con­trol and materiel management sys tem .

An operational and maintenance s upervis or was hired to augment the small admini s t rative s e ction at Patricia B ay wh ich was re-organi zed during the ye ar. A mob ile crane has been acquired for the s i te .

Need f o r more space for s to res and equipment has been a cont inu­ing prob lem. I t is being s olved on an ad hoc basis at vari ous lo ca­tions until the Ins ti tute is comple ted.

The Library L . S . Thoms on - Lib rarian

In 19 7 4 the L ib rary continued its rap id growth , wi th the addi tion o f nearly 6 0 0 new t i t les and an increase in j ournal sub s cript ions from 125 t o 175 . Although the collec tion is growing , it is s till inadequate for our needs ; a f act reflected in approximately 500 Interlib rary Loan re­que s ts to UB C , UVic , NSL , DOE and other ins ti tutions .

We l ook forward to the new Ins ti tute where the whole colle ction will be hous ed in one p lace , more acces s ib le to all pat rons .

The weathership Quadra docks bes ide her s is ter ship , CCGS Vancouver , i n Es­quimalt after taking part in GATE ( the GARP Atl ant i c Trop ical Experiment )

- 5 1 -

Task Force, Committee and Similar Activities

R . W . S t ewart

Advisory Commit tee on Oceanic Met eoro lo gical Res e ar ch (ACOMR) of WMO .

Joint O rganiz ing Commit tee (JOC) o f Glob al Atmospheric Res earch P ro­g ram (GARP ) - chairman.

C anadian National S cientific Commit tee for GARP .

SCOR - IAMAP - IAPSO Working Group on Air-Sea Interaction .

App lication o f Space Techniques t o Meteorology and E ar th Survey (COSPAR) , Working Group .

S e a Use Council (USA) - vice- chairman .

Regional Board , Pacific Region (DOE) .

Regional Board , Wes tern and Northern (DOE) .

Canada Advisory Commit tee on Physics (NRC ) .

Physi cal Oceanographic Commis si on ( IAPSO ) - chairman .

B e aufort Sea S teering Committee - chairman .

Arctic Environmental S teering Committee .

Arctic Waters Oil and Gas Advis ory Commi ttee .

Wes t Coas t Environmental Protection Agreement S teering Commit tee .

Royal S o ciety o f Canada Interdis ciplinary S election Commi t t ee .

W . N . English

Advisory Board on Marine Technology , B . C . Res earch Counci l .

Pacific S ub-Commit tee o n Oceanography .

Regional B oard , Pacific Region (DOE) - alternate .

Pacifi c Region Board Working Group on Abatement o f Po llution from DOE Ships - chairman .

Regional Board , Pacific Region , Estuary Working G roup .

Sea Use Council (USA) - alternate .

Military Colleges Advis ory B o ard .

- 5 2 -

HYDROGRAPHIC D IVISION

Anders on , N . M .

Aerial Hydrography Proj ect Sub -Commi t tee o f the Working Group on Oceanographic Remo te Sens ing .

Working Group on Remote Sens ing for Oceanography of the CACRS .

Las er Bathyme t ry Sub-Commit tee o f the Working Group on Oceanographic Remot e Sens ing .

B o lton , M .

At lantic Tropical Expe riment ( GATE ) .

Canadian Ins ti tute o f Surveying , Victoria Branch - chai rman .

Canadian Ins titute o f Surveying , Hydrographic Technical Commi ttee -vice chairman .

Deputy Canadian Coordinator of GATE .

Fisheries and Marine S trategic Planning Commit tee , Paci fic Region .

National Hydrograph ic Survey O f ficers ' Appraisal Board .

New Res earch V es s el Users Des i gn Commit tee - chairman .

Paci f i c Sub-Commi t tee on Oceanog raphy o f CCO - alternate .

Survey Technology Advis ory Commi t tee , BCIT .

Workshop on Of fshore Surveys for Mine ral Res ource Deve lopment .

Canadian FGGE P lanning Group .

Hugge t t , W . S .

Nanaimo Environmental As ses sment Task Force .

New Research Vessel Users Des ign Commi t tee .

S andilands , R . W .

Hydrographic Technical Commi ttee , Canadian Ins ti tute o f Surveying .

The Canadian S urveyor - ass ociate edi tor (hydrography ) .

Survey Technology Advisory Commi t tee , Camo sun Co llege .

Workshop Group on Offshore Surveys for Mineral Res our ce Deve lopment .

Board of Trus tees , Maritime Mus eum o f B . C . - chairman .

Smithers , F . R .

Pub li c Inf ormation Group , DOE , Pacific .

Board o f Trus tees , Marit ime Mus eum o f B . C .

Regi onal Commi t tee on Interagency Rout ing o f Navigational Info rmation .

- 5 3 -

Watt , J . V .

Aerial Hydrography Proj ect Sub-Commit tee o f O ceanography Working Group of CACRS .

Wigen , S . O .

B . C . Civil D e fence Tsunami Commit tee .

Wi lls , R.

S teering Commit tee , Environmental Effects S t udy Northwes tern Brit ish Columb ia .

Regional Hydro graphi c S urvey Officers ' App rais al Board - chairman .

Regional Commi t tee on Interagency Rout ing of Navi gational Information .

OCEAN CHEMISTRY D IV I SION

Cre tney , W . J .

Ph . D . Dissertation Commit tee - Mr . D . R . Green at UBC (Hydrocarb ons ) .

Working Group on Lab oratory Was te Disposal , Pacific Region .

Wong , C . S .

Advis o ry Commit tee - GEOSECS , Carb onate Chemis try Pane l .

Advis o ry Commit tee - Chemis t ry , CEPEX .

Coordinating Commit te e on Envir onmental I s sues , DOE , Pacific Region .

Marine Chemis try C ommit tee , Fisheries and Marine S ervice , Pacific Region - chairman .

National Marine Chemis t ry ( S t andard) Group .

Ph . D . D is s e rt ation Commi ttee - Mr . D . R. Green at UBC (Hydrocarb ons ) .

Ph . D . Diss ertation Commi t tee - Mr . P . B errang at UVic (Trace Metals ) .

Ph . D . S up ervis o ry Commit tee - Mr . A . I . Feher at UVic (Film Exchange ) .

OCEAN PHYS ICS D IVIS ION

Farme r , D . M .

B ab ine Lake S tee ring Commit tee .

Garre t t , J . F .

International Council of Scientific Unions Commi t tee on Space Re­s earch ( COSPAR) , Wo rking Group VI , Panel A (Weather and Climate) .

Canadi an Nati onal Commi t tee for S cientific Commi ttee on Oceanic Research .

- 5 4 -

Giovando , 1 . F .

DOE S teering Commit tee re environment al effects of the proposed ex­p ans ion of Vancouver International Airport .

DOE S teering Commi ttee re environmental s tudy of Rob e rts Bank Devel opment .

Working Group on Environmental Base line S tudy of the Lower Fras er Valley and Frase r Es tuary .

Lewis , E . L .

Ass ociate Editor Marine Science C ommuni cations .

P anel on I ce . Arctic Oceanography S ub-Commi ttee , Canadian Commit tee on Oceanography .

Sub-Commi t tee on Snow and I ce of Commi t tee on Geotechnical Res earch o f National Res earch Counci l , Ottawa .

Nasmyth , P . W .

IGOS S Group o f Experts o n Techni cal Sys tems Des ign and Deve lopment and Servi ce Requirements - chairman .

Tab at a , S .

Ocean Climatic P ane l of Working Group 34 of the S cientific Commi t tee on Oceanic Res earch .

Thoms on , R . E .

B ritish Columb ia Coordinating Climate Committee .

OCEAN ENGINEERING

Teng , K .

P aci fic Region Electronic D a t a Process ing Commit tee , DOE .

Canadian Information P rocess ing Society , Victoria Section - p ro gram chairman .

Johns , R . E .

Pacific Region Electronic Data Processing Commi t tee , DOE .

SHIP D IVIS ION

Geldart , E . N .

Paci fic Region Res ource / Survey Ves sel Commi ttee - s ecre tary .

Working Group on Ab atement o f Po llution from DOE Sh ips - secre t ary .

- 55 -

Research and Development Contracts

1 . Feas ib ili ty s tudy of t race metal determination by iso­t op e dilution technique us ing a comb ination o f quadru­p ole mass spectrometer and thermo-ionic s ource . Dr . G . R . Branton, Chemistry Department, University of vic­toria, Victoria, B . C .

2 . Calib ration of GEOSECS o ce anic s amples with r adio­carb on content at the Univers i ty of Washington Quate r­nary Res earch Radiocarbon Lab o ratory . Dr . M . Stuiver, Department of Geological Science, University of Wash­ington, Seattle, U . S . A .

3 . Collec tion and chemical analysis o f Pacific ocean water . Case Existological Laboratories Ltd . , Victoria, B . C .

4 . P rovision o f t e chni cal as s i s t ance i n the organi z ation and p arti cipation in the Beaufort S ea baseline cruis e and o rganization and exe cuti on o f the b each p o llutant s urvey . Case Existological Laboratories Ltd . , Vic­toria, B . C .

5 . Appl ication o f differential pulse p olarographic tech­nique t o air- s ea interface s tudies . Dr . P . S . Liss, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, England .

6 . Radio carbon measurement s o f carbonate s amp les . B . C .

7 .

Research, Vancouver, B . C .

Analysis f lame les s

o f 200 s amp les o f water for lead content by atomic abs orp tion technique . P . Berrang,

Victoria, B . C .

8 . Ins tallation o f departmen t ally-owned auto t itrator of the GEOSECS type . Dr . A . E . Bainbridge, GEOSECS Opera­tion Group, La Jolla, California, U. S . A .

9 . C ons t ruction , ins talla tion and field- tes ting o f an air­tight ,water- t i gh t dome to f i t the top o f the CEPEX b ag sys tem (� s cale ) for Ocean Chemis t ry . Case Existologi­cal Laboratories Ltd . , Victoria, B . C .

10 . Data processing s e rvice . SEAKEM Marine Chemistry Con­sultants Victoria, B . C .

11. Radio carb o n measurements on carb onate s amples . - B . C . Research, Vancouver, B . C .

T o t al Amount

$ 3 , 9 00

750

45 , 0 00

2 3 , 3 3 4

7 , 800

15 , 000

1 , 400

9 18

5 , 000

4 , 400

10 , 000

- 56 -

12 . P rovis ion o f t e chnical s ervice for t e s t ing GC /MS sys­tem. CHEMEX LABS . Ltd . , North Vancouver , B . C .

13 . Profess ional s ervices at c os t p rovided t o Ocean Chem­is try Divis ion for b i o logical identificat ion and s am­p ling o f oil p o llution materials in B . C . coas t al waters . Dr . T . R . Parsons , uni vers i ty of Bri tish Co­l umbi a , Vancouver , B . C .

14 . Develop hulls for expendab le dri f t ing buoys . Case Exi s tological Labora tories L td . , Vi c tori a , B . C .

15 . Feas ib ility and des i gn s tudy for a sys tem o f tracking drif ting b uoys in Canadian of fshore waters . Compu ting Devi ces of Canada L td . , O t tawa , On tario

16 . Physical o ceanograph i c ob servations and s tudies o f water movement i n Es quimalt Harb our and o f f Es quimal t Lagoon. Dobrocky Seatech Ltd . , Victori a , B . C .

17 . S tudy o f circulation o f Es quimalt Harbour by t racking f loats . Dobrocky Seatech Ltd . , Victori a , B . C .

18 . S tudy o f f loats .

circulat ion of Patricia Bay by tracking Dobrocky Sea tech Ltd. , Victori a , B . C .

19 . Develop and s upply air dep loyab le radio beacon buoy for Beaufort Sea S tudy . Radi o Engineering Products , Montreal , Quebec.

20 . Conduct near- s ur face current survey in Beaufort S e a , including analys i s and interp ret ation o f data . Dob­rocky Sea tech L t d . , Vi ctori a , B . C .

21 . Conduct water p roperties s amp ling and me as urement program abo ard CCGS V ancouve r at o cean s tation P . CHEMEX LABS . Ltd . , Nor th Vancouver, B . C .

2 2 . Deve lop c omputerized financial ac count ing sys tem for adminis t ration . J . Inks ter , Vi c toria , B . C .

2 3 . Analy ze aerial photo graphs and ine rtial data for the Aerial Hydrography Proj ect . of New Brunswi ck, Frederi cton , N . B .

navigat ion Uni vers i t y

2 4 . Conduct theore t i cal s tudy o f relationship b e tween ro­tations ob tained f rom the inertial navigat ion plat­form and thos e ob t ained by ph otogramme tric rese ction from aerial pho t ographs . Dr . S . Masry , Uni versi ty of New Brunswi ck , Frederi c ton , N . B .

7 , 72 3

2 , 500

20 , 000

8 , 75 0

4 , 700

2 , 7 75

2 , 7 75

31 , 7 9 1

36 , 800

19 , 600

3 , 000

7 , 000

3 , 000

- 5 7 -

25 . Digitize hydrographic field shee ts in s upport o f the Chart Metrication S tudy . DYNAMAP Ltd . , Saska toon, Saska tchewan .

26 . Determination of pers is tence and dispersal o f s ewage effluents in sea water . Dobrocky Sea tech Ltd . , Vic-toria, B . C .

2 7 . Ship ef fluent s tudy . Dobrocky Seatech Ltd . , Vic toria, B . C .

2 8. Proces s ing of oceano graphic data de rived from cruises in Juap de Fuca S trait . Dr . M . Miyake, Insti tute of Oceanography, university of British Columbia, Vancouver, B . C .

29 . Provis ion of cons ultant and advis ory services t o Frozen Sea Research Group on s tatis ti cal me thods o f analysis of data on s ea i ce cover and topography and its app li­cation to the containment of oil by sea ice . P . Wadhams, Victoria, B . C .

30 . The analys is o f ' qui ck look ' and p recls l on processed Earth Res ources Technology Satellite ( ERT S ) data for long- range sea ice mapping app li cations for the Beau­fort Sea P roj e c t . J. Marko, Vic toria, B . C .

3 1 . Provis ion o f p rofes s ional services on modelling prob­lems in o ceanography . Dr . N . S . Heaps, Insti tute of Oceanographic Sciences, Bidston, Birkenhead, England .

32 . Modifications t o the data acquis i t ion sys tem for the submers ib le , Pisces IV . MacDonald, De ttwiler & Asso-cia t es, Vancouver, B . C .

3 3 . Inves tigation o f movement of oil under s e a ice . Imperial oil Ltd . , Calgary, Alberta .

3 4 . Professional servi ces graphy of the s outhern cal Labora tories Ltd . ,

t o s tudy the physical o ceano­Beaufort Sea . Case Existologi­Vic toria, B . C .

35 . Inves tigation of p i t ch and y aw s tabi li ty characteris-tics of Pis ces IV sub me rs ib le . Dr . G . V. parkinson, Universi ty of British Columbia, Vancouver, B . C .

2 , 000

5 , 6 7 4

4 , 0 00

11 , 310

3 , 600

12 , 50 0

2 , 0 00

1 , 30 0

10 , 000

40 , 86 2

6 , 000

- 5 8 -

Publications - 1974

C anada. Marine S ciences Direct orate , Paci fic Region , 19 7 3 Annual Re­p or t .

Anders on, N . M. , 19 7 4 : Ae rial inshore hydrography . the XIvth Internati onal Congress of Surveyors .

Proceedings of

Bell , W . H . , 19 7 4 : O ceanographic ob servat ions in Howe Sound 19 72 . Pacific Marine Sci ence Report 7 4- 7 .

C ornf o rd , A . B . and C . S . Wong , 19 7 4 : A summary o f radiocarb on mea­s urement p rocedure and e lectroni c operation o f the Ocean Chem­is try Radio carbon Dating Laboratory located at B . C . Research . Pacific Marine Sci ence Report 74-1 2 .

Cretney , W . J . and C . S . Wong , 19 7 4 : Fluores cence moni toring s tudy at o cean weather s tation P . Symposium on marine pollution moni ­toring (Petroleum) , 8 5 -8 8 .

de Jong , C . and E . W . MarIes , 19 74 : O ceanographi c obs ervat ions at o cean s tation P (SO ON , l4S 0W) , Volume 60 , 12 Ap ril- 7 Augus t 19 7 4 . Pacific Marine Sci ence Report 7 4 -1 0 .

Fuj ino , K. , E . L . Lewis and R . G . Perkin , 19 7 4 : s e a water a t p res sures up t o 100 b ars . Research , 79 , 1 79 2 -1 79 7 .

The freezing p oint of Journal o f Geophysical

Galloway , J . L . and T . Osb orn , 19 74 : Prototype o f a self- cont ained tide gauge . IEEE In ternati onal Conference on Ocean 74 - Engi n­eering in the Ocean Envi ronment .

Gaskin , D . G . , P . W . Arnold and B . A . Blair , 19 74 : Phocoena phocoena . Mammalian Speci es , no � 42 , 1 - 8 .

Gi ovando , L . F . and H . J . Ho llis ter , 19 7 4 : Ob servations o f seawater tempe rature and s alinity at B ritish Columb ia shore s tat ions 19 7 3 . Paci fic Marine Sci ence Report 74-11 .

Gower , J . F . R . , 19 74 : Measuremen t o f s ea surface currents us ing air­borne dopp le r radar and inertial navi gation sys tems . The 9 th Internati onal Symposium on Remote Sens i ng .

Gowe r , J . F . R . , 19 7 4 : S e a c olour measurements from sp ace aircraf t . The 21s t Canadian Spectroscopy Symposium.

and from

Gower , J . F . R . and I . D aniel , 19 7 4 : The us e o f ERTS- l computer com­p atib le tapes wi th respect to marine res earch . Pacific Marine Sci ence Report 7 4 - 2 .

- 5 9 -

Gower , J . F . R. and I . Daniel , 19 7 4 : Water co lour meas urements us ing ERT S-1 c omputer c omp atib le t ape data. The Second Canadian Sym­

posium on Remote Sensing .

Green , D . R. , C . Bawden , W . J . Cretney and C . S . Wong , 19 74 : The Alert B ay oil spill : a one-year s tudy of the recovery o f a contamina­ted b ay . Pacific Marine Science Report 74-9 .

Hollis ter , H . J . , 19 7 4 : Obs e rvations o f seawater temp erature and s alinity at B ritish Columb ia shore s tations 197 2 . Pacific Mar­ine Science Report 74-1 .

Jackson , C . , W . Hans en and A . A . R . Dyke s , 19 7 4 : O ce anographic ob ser­vations at o cean s tation P (SO ON , 14s 0W) , Volume 5 6 , January 5-May 16 , 19 7 3 . Pacific Marine Science Report 7 4- 3 .

Lewis , E . L . and A . R . Milne , 19 7 4 : Underwater s ea ice formations . Polar Oceans Conferenc e , SCOR/SCAR . ( in p ress ) .

Marko , J . R. and J . F . R. Gower , 19 7 4 : An as ses sment o f the uses o f ERTS-1 Arct i c imagery . Pacific Marine Science Report 7 4- 8 .

Milne , A . R. , 19 7 4 : ringed s eals .

U s e o f artificial s ub ice air Phoca hispida , 52, 1 09 2-1 0 93 .

p o cket s by wild

Milne , A . R. , 19 74 : Wind nois e under winter ice fields . Geophysical Research, �, 803-809 .

Mink1ey , B . , C . de Jong , E . W . Mar1es , C . Jacks on , Abb ott-Smith , 19 7 4 : Oceanograph i c ob servations tion P ( S O ON , 14s 0W) , Volume 5 8 , Sep tember 14 , 16 , 19 74 . Pacific Marine Science Report 74-5 .

Journal of

P . Munro , K . at ocean s t a-

19 7 3-January

Mink1ey , B . , C . Jackson and K. Abb o t t- Smith , 19 7 4 : obs ervat ions at ocean s tation P ( S O ON , 14s 0W) , 11- S ep tember 19 , 19 7 3 . Pacific Marine Science

O ce anographi c Volume 5 7 , May

Report 74- 4 .

Mink1ey , B . G . , W . K . Johns on , graphic observat i ons at 5 9 , January 11-Apri1 1 7 , 74-6 .

B . C ox and C . de Jong , 19 74 : Oceano­o cean s tation P (SO ON , 14s OW) , Volume

19 7 4 . Pacific Marine Science Report

Perkin , R . G . and E . L . Lewis , 19 7 4 ; D irect calib ration o f in s itu CTD ' s . IEEE International Conference on Engineering i n the Ocean Environment , �, 234-2 3 6 .

S tewart , R. W . , 19 74 : The air-sea momentum exchange . Boundary -Laqer Meteorology , 6 , 1 51 -1 6 7 .

- 6 0 -

T akahashi , M . and C . S . Wong , 19 7 4 : CEPEX - the natural dif fus ion o f CEE c ontent into the s urrounding water after removing the CEE from position , Rep . # 9 . Annual Repor t to the Na tional Sci ence Foundat i on , In terna tional Decade of Ocean Expl ora t i on .

Thomson , R . E . , 19 7 3 : The energy and ene rgy flux o f plane tary waves in an o cean of variab le depth . G eophysi cal Fl uid Dynamics , 5 , 385-39 9 .

Thomson , R . E . , 19 7 4 : Longshore current gene rat i on by internal waves in the S trai t of Geo rgia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences . ( in p res s ) .

Thoms on , R . E . , 19 7 4 : The p ropagation o f p lanetary waves over a ran­dom b o t tom t opography . Journal of Fl uid Mechani cs . ( in press ) .

Thoms on , R . E . , 19 7 4 : The tides . Pacific Yach ting, �, November 1 9 7 4 .

Thoms on , R . E . , 19 7 4 : Tidal currents . Pacific Ya ch ting, �, December, 1 9 74 .

Verrall , R . E . , J . H . Ganton and A . R . Mi lne , measurement in Wes tern Parry Channe l .

19 7 4 : An i ce dri ft Arcti c , �, 4 7 -52 .

Walker , G . A. H . , V . L . Buchholz , D . Camp , B . Cout t s , A . Condal and J . F . R . Gowe r , channe l spectrometer for field us e . s truments , 4 5 , 1 1 .

Isherwood , J . Glasby , R. 19 7 4 : A comp act multi­

Review of Sci entifi c In-

Walker , G . A . H . , V . L . Buchho l z , D . Camp , B . Isherwood and J . F . R . Gower , 19 74 : A s ilicon diode array spectrometer for o cean colour monito ring . CASI Symposi um on Aerospace Electroni cs .

Wat t , J . V . , J . E . Smyth , S . Hung , D . S . S lo an , 19 7 4 : The remote s en­s ing navigation p rob lem and s ome sys tem solutions . Fir s t Canadian Symposi um o n Navi ga ti on , CASI .

vlat t , J . V . , 19 7 4 : Sys t ems o f interest at C . C . R . S . Thir teenth Annual Canadian Hydrographic Conference . Marine Sciences Directorate , Central Region .

Wat t , J . V . , D . S . Sloan , N . E . Thompson , J . E . Smyth , 19 7 4 : Use o f a s tandard air line I . N . S . for survey navi gation . Second Canadian Symposi um on Remot e Sensing.

- 6 1 -

Permanent Staff - 1974

D IRECTOR GENERAL

S tewart , R. W . ; B . S c . , M . S c . , ( Queen ' s ) , Ph . D . ( Cantab ) , FRSC , FRS , D . S c . (McGill) , LL . D . (Dalhous ie)

DEPUTY D IRECTOR

English , W . N . ; B . A . (Brit . Co l . ) , Ph . D . ( California)

MANAGEMENT S ERV I CES D IVIS ION

T odd , N . A . ; B . S . ( Glas gow) , M . A . ( Carleton) ; Chief o f Divis ion

B l air , B . A. ; B . S c . , * Chamb er lain , K . S .

Craton , M . 1 . K . Crouch , R . W .

* Crowe l l , D . B . D oyle , D . A . Egan , L . L . Firth , C . Foote , S . B .

* Fo reman , 1 . * Gleadow , P . M . * G ough , D . C .

Grave l , J . N . J . Hall , E . J .

* Har tley , A . M . Hogg, W .

* L e f t during 19 7 4

M . S c . (Guelph) Lohs e , P . O . * McInt osh , J . Y .

MacKenzie , R . M . Martyn , B . T . Oswald , P . E . Parsons , J . E .

,,< P imlo t t , S . K. S ab ourin , J . T . Smith , D . C .

* S t ewart , A . M. * Thirkel l , L . E .

Thomas , C . D . Thoms on , L . S . ; B . A. ( S as katchewan)

B . L . S . ( Brit . Co l . ) Van Dusen , T . S . Wake f ie ld , L . M .

- 62 -

HYDROGRAPHIC DIVISION

Bolton, M.; Regional Hydrographer

Ages, A.B.; B.A.Sc., M.A.Sc., (Brit.Col.), P.Eng.

Ames, S.E. Anderson, N.M.; B.Sc.(Victoria)

Dip.AIT Bath, J.F.; Master, F.G.

(Deceased) Bell, R.D. Bennett, K.M. Brown, R.E. Browning, P.C. Campbell, I.J.; Dip.BCIT Chi vas , J.W.; Master, F.G. Clark, D.J.

* Clarke, E.B. Coldham, F.A. Coldwell, J.H.

* Cooke, G.L.; Dip.NSIT Cooke, R.A. Coulter, E.M. Curran, T.A.; B.A.Sc.(EE) (Brit.

Col.), P.Eng. Czotter, K.L.; Dip.BCIT Dobson, D.G. Dorosh, L.W.; Dip.BCIT

* Dyas, T.; RN Trade Cert. Eaton, G.H.; Dip.BCIT Fujino, N.S.; Dip.BCIT Galloway, J.L.; B.A.Sc.(EE),

M.A.Sc.(EE) (Brit. Col.), P.Eng.

Gregson, D.J.; Dip.BCIT Harris, W.J. Hermiston, F.V.

* Highton, K.; Dip.BCIT Hinds, E.W.; Dip.BCIT Hlina, R.C.; Dip.BCIT Holman, K.R. Huggett, W.S.; Master, F.G. Johnson, R.W. Jones, T.; Master, F.G. Korhonen, R.K.

* Left during 1974

Landry, L.P.; B.Sc.(Brit.Col.), Dip. BClT

Larkin, J.B.; B.Sc.(P.E.1.) * Lee, P.O.; Dip.BCIT

Loshiavo, R.; Dip.BCIT Lusk, B .M.; Master, 350 T Lyon, A.G.

* McIntosh, C.G.; Master, F.G. Mortimer, A.R.; Master, F.G. Muse, R.A.; Trade Cert.CAF Nast, C.J. O'Connor, A.D. Osborne, M.; Cert. (T. 1.) Patton, M.M. Philp, A.R. Pierce, R.A. Plume, T.C. Popejoy, R.D. Rapatz, W.J.; B.Sc.(Victoria) Raymond, A.R.; Dip.Algonquin

College Richardson, G.E.

* Rogers, G.W. Ryan, C.F.; Dip.RRE (England) Sandi lands , R.W.; Lt.RN (Retired) $mithers, F.R. Stephenson, F.E.; B.Sc.(Victoria) Tamasi, C.R.; Dip.BCIT Taylor, M.S. Taylor, W.R.; Dip.RCC Thompson, L.G.

* Vosburgh, J.A.; Dip.BCIT Watt, B.M.

*

Watt, J.V.; B.A.Sc.(EE) (Brit.Col.), P.Eng.

Wigen, S.O.; B.A.Sc.(Brit.Col.), P.Eng.

Wills, R.; Master Mariner, F.G. Woods, M.V.; Dip.BCIT Yee, P.Y.; Dip.BCIT Young, V.N.

- 63 -

OCEAN CHEMISTRY DIVISION

Wong, C.S.; B.Sc., M.Sc. (Hong Kong), Ph.D. (Scripps), Dip.Mar.Sc. (UNESCO), MCIC, FRIC; Chief of Division

Bellegay, R.D.; Dip.NAIT, Ass.Deg.in Oceanography (Shoreline Comm. College, Seattle)

Cornford, A.B.; B.Sc.(McMaster), Ph.D.(Brit.Col.) Cretney, W.J.; B.Sc., Ph.D.(Brit.Col.) Jackson, C .• M.; B. Sc. (Victoria) Johnson, W.K.; Dip.BCIT

* Pannekoek, W.J.; B.Sc.(Alberta)

. COMPUTING SERVICES

Butcher, J.W.; B.Sc.(Victoria), M.Sc. (Toronto)

Douglas, A.N.; B.Sc.(Victoria) Johns, R.E.; B.Sc.(Victoria),

M. Sc. (Bri t. Col.)

Morgan, C.G.; B.Sc., M.Sc.(Alberta) Richards, P.J.; B.Sc.(Brit.Col.) Smith, D.B.; B.Sc.(Victoria) Teng, K.; B.A.Sc., M.A. (Brit.Col.) Woollard, A.L.; B.Sc.(Victoria)

OCEAN PHYSICS DIVISION

Nasmyth, P.W.; B.A.Sc., M.A., Ph.D. (Brit.Col); Chief of Division

* Abbott-Smith, K.B. Bell, W.H.; B.A.Sc.(Brit.Col), M.Sc.(Hawaii) Bigham, R.H. Bradbury, J. D. Chase, G.W.; Dip.BCIT Crean, P.B.; B.Sc.(Dublin), M.A.Sc.(Toronto), Ph.D.(Liverpool) de Jong, C. Farmer, D.M.; B.Com., M.Sc.(McGill), Ph.D. (Brit.Col.)

* Forbes, R. E. * Gantzer, K.A.

Gargett, A.E.;B.Sc.(Manitoba), Ph.D.(Brit.Col.) Garrett, J.F.; B.A. (Harvard), Ph.D. (Brit.Col.) Giovando, L.F.; B.A., M.A., Ph.D.(Brit.Col.) Gower, J.F.R.; B.A., M.A., Ph.D.(Cantab) Henry, R.F.; B.Sc.(Edinburgh), Ph.D. (Cantab) Herlinveaux, R.H. Kamitakahara, G.R. Koppel, A.W. Kuwahara, L.S.C. Lake, R.A.; B.Sc.(Brit.Col.), M.Sc.(Washington) Lewis, E.L.; B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.(London) MarIes, E.W.; B.Sc.(Victoria)

- 6 4 -

Meikle , J . H . Milne , A . R . ; B . A . S c . ( Toront o ) , M. S c . (McGill) Minkley , B . G . ; Dip . BCIT Moody , A. E . Moorhous e , S . W . Perkin , R . G . ; B . A . S c . , M . S c . ( B rit . Co l . ) Richards , D . L . Sieb er g , D . G . Spearing , L . A. F . S t i ckland , J . A. Sudar , R . B . ; B . A . S c . (To ronto)

* Sutherland , J . A. Tab at a , S . ; B . A. , M . A. ( Brit . Col . ) , D . S c . (Tokyo ) Teich rob , R . C . ; Dip . BCIT Thomson, R . E . ; B . S c . , Ph . D . ( B rit . Col . ) Walke r , E . R . ; B . S c . (Mani toba) , M . A . (To ront o ) , Ph . D . (McGill) Wallace , J . S .

* Left during 19 7 4

Geldar t , E . N .

G reen , F . S .

Marr , D .

Keene , R . W .

P ride , L . G .

CSS PARIZEAU

SHIP D IVI S ION

1s t Class Marine Engineer , Fellow Ins ti tute o f Marine Engine e rs ; Regional Marine S uperintendent .

Mas ter Marine r ; As s i s tant Marine S uperintendent (Deck) .

1s t Clas s Marine Engineer , Fellow Ins titute o f Marine Engineers ; As s i s t ant Marine Superintendent ( Enginee ring ) .

Mas te r , F . G . (X) ; Relief Mas te r .

Engineer 2nd Class Moto r ; Relief Engineer .

Chamberlain , A . G . Fishe r , E . G .

Mas te r , F . G . ; Mas te r Mas ter , F . G . ; 1s t O f ficer 2nd Mat e , F . G . ; 2nd Officer Radio C e rtifi cate ; wlO Supply Of fice r

* Lewis , B . J . Ch ris tie , J . N . Clarke , L . E . Aaron , B . N . Delany , W . G . Kyle , R . G . McKay , M. J .

Enginee r 1s t Clas s Comb ine d ; Ch ief Engineer Enginee r 2nd Class Moto r ; Senior Engineer Eng ine e r 2nd Class Motor ; 1s t Enginee r Enginee r 4th Class Mot o r ; 2nd Enginee r

C S S WM . J . STEWART

Sj oholm , K . J . E as s on , R. J . B arb o z a , C . S . Wheeler , M . G . P alme r , S . Hende rs on , J . D . G ib s on , R . B . B ateman , S . P . C onway , A .

CSS VECTOR

Mars ton , J . C . Oudsho o rn , A . B . Bishop , S . O . C lous ton , G . W . S to re r , T . H . Pearson , R.

CSS RICHARDSON

* McIntyre , C . M . Henders on , J . N .

CFAV LAYMORE

Dye r , M . J . Doherty , H. R .

MV RAD IUM EXPRES S ( Charter)

O ' Sullivan , J . But ler , W .

MV PANDORA I I ( Charter)

D i ckins on , R. Ward , R .

MV THETA ( Charter)

Mara , K . Johanns en , A.

P ISCES IV

Meek , Maj . G . R . Legallai s , Cap t . P . S .

* Left during 19 7 4

- 65 -

Mas ter, F . G . ; Mas te r , F . G . ; Mate , F . G . ;

Mas ter

Mate , H . T . ;

1 s t Officer 2nd O f f i cer 3rd O f f i cer

S upply O f f i cer Engineer 2nd C lass Engineer 3 rd Clas s Engineer 3 rd Clas s Engineer 4 th Clas s

S t eam; Chief Engineer Steam ; S enior Engineer Comb ine d ; 1s t Engineer Comb ine d ; 2nd Engineer

Mas ter , F . G . ; Mas ter Mas ter , H . T . ; 1s t O f f i cer Mat e , H . T . ; 2nd Officer Engineer 3 rd Clas s Mot o r ; Chief Engineer Engineer 3rd Clas s Mot o r ; 1s t Engineer Engineer 4 th C lass Motor ; 2nd Engineer

Mas ter , 350 T . ; Mas ter Engineer 4 th Class Motor; Chief Engineer

Mas ter Chief Engineer

Mas ter Chief Engineer

Mas ter Chief Engineer

Mas ter Chie f Engineer

Operations Officer (DND ) Chief P i l o t (DND)

REGIONAL

MARINE SUPERINTENDENT

E.N. Geldart

K. Sjollolm

C.S,S. PARlZEAU

A.G. Chamberlain

C.S.S. VECTOR

J. Mar$ton

C.S.S. RICHARDSON

C.S.L REVISOR

CHARTER SHIPS

I _L _l �CHES !

DlRECTOR -GENERAL

R.W. Stownrt

BEAUFORT SEA PROJECT

A.R. Milno

OCEAN ENGINEERING

W.N. Engli$h

COMf'"JTING SERVICES

K. Tong

OESION AND

DEVElOPMENT