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CHARACTERIZATION

SYNTHESIS ENERGY ORGANICS OXIDES

BIOLOGICAL POLYMERS MAGNETIC TECHNOLOGY

SCIENCE

PROCESSING

TECHNOLOGY DEVICES

ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING

STRUCTURE

CHARACTERIZATION

COMPUTATION

ELECTRONICSSENSORS

MANUFACTURING

MULTIFUNCTIONAL

SYNTHESISINTERDISCIPLINARY

FISCAL YEAR 2011–2012 ANNUAL REPORT

INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCHTHE GATEWAY TO MATERIALS RESEARCH AT THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

The Ohio State University Institute for Materials Research

Fiscal Year 2011–2012

Annual Report

Steven A. Ringel, Director

Layla M. Manganaro, Program Manager Angela M. Dockery, Business Manager

For more information of additional print copies of this report, contact: The Ohio State University Institute for Materials Research Administrative Offices Room E337 Scott Laboratory 201 West 10th Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43210 Imr.osu.edu

© 2012. All rights reserved.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction and Fiscal Year 2012 Highlights…………………………………………………………………………………..1

Overview of the Institute for Materials Research…………………………………………………………………………….2

IMR Members and the OSU Materials Community – By the Numbers……………………………….2

IMR Organizational Structure……………………………………………………………………………………………..4

IMR-Supported Research Centers and Select Projects……………………………………………………………………..7

Center for Emergent Materials (CEM) – National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC)…………………………………………….7

Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymer Biomedical Devices (CANPBD) – National Science Foundation Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC)……………..14

Research Scholars Cluster on Technology-Enabling and Emergent Materials (TEEM) – Ohio Department of Development Ohio Research Scholars Program Award……………………………………………………………………………23

Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC) – Ohio Department of Development Wright Center…………………………………………………………….31

MRI: Acquisition of a Hybrid Diamond/III-N Synthesis Cluster Tool – National Science Foundation Materials Research Instrumentation Award………………………..36

Industry Collaborations and Partnerships………………………………………………………………………………………39

Current National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Centers (I/UCRCs) Involving IMR Members………………………………………………………..40

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Ohio Third Frontier Funding………………………………………………………………………………………………43

Center for the Accelerated Maturation of Materials (CAMM)…………………………………………..44

Advancing Sustainability Research: Innovative Partnerships for Actionable Solutions - Alcoa Foundation Award…………………………………….45

The Ohio Manufacturing Institute…………………………………………………………………………………….50

Center for Emergent Materials (CEM) Industry Activities………………………………………………….53

International Collaborations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………55

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid……………………………………………………………………………………55

The CEM International Material Alliance (IMRA)……………………………………………………………….56

IMR Research Enhancement Program……………………………………………………………………………………………58

OSU Materials Research Seed Grant Program…………………………………………………………………..59

IMR Facility Grants……………………………………………………………………………………………………………65

IMR Industry Challenge Grants………………………………………………………………………………………….66

Major Core Materials Research Facilities’ Updates………………………………………………………………………..67

Nanotech West Laboratory……………………………………………………………………………………………….67

NanoSystems Laboratory (NSL)…………………………………………………………………………………………72

Center for Chemical and Biophysical Dynamics (CCBD)…………………………………………………….75

Outreach and Engagement Activities…………………………………………………………………………………………….78

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2011 OSU Materials Week Conference……………………………………………………………………………..78

2011-2012 IMR Colloquia Series……………………………………………………………………………………….80

Other IMR-Supported Seminars………………………………………………………………………………………..82

Faculty and Student Outreach and Engagement Activities………………………………………………..84

IMR Quarterly Newsletter…………………………………………………………………………………………………89

Financial Report…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….91

APPENDICES

Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...93

Appendix A: Members of the Institute for Materials Research (IMR) as of July 2012………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….94 Appendix B: Research Outputs from OSU Materials Community Directly Resulting from IMR Resources and Activities………………………………………………………………….100 Appendix C: Activities of Members of Technical Staff (MTS) For Fiscal Year 2011 -2012………………………………………………………………………………………………117 Appendix D: 2011 – 2012 IMR Facility Grants Awards……………………………………………………129

The 2012 fiscal year saw great progress for The Ohio State University Institute for Materials Research

(IMR) and its multi‐college membership at all levels. Our breadth and depth has never been stronger,

and this is measured by many factors, most of which are described in this year’s report. For example,

this past year saw the groundbreaking of our new Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis

(CEMAS) located in Ohio State’s west campus research park, which will be directed by one of IMR’s

recent Ohio Research Scholar faculty recruits. CEMAS is due to open in 2013 and will be one of the

most significant electron microscopy centers of excellence world‐wide. Our faculty members and their

groups are publishing high impact journal articles and getting cited at a pace that continues to

accelerate and the cutting edge qualities of the efforts are being noticed, with one of our faculty

groups landing the cover of the journal Nature, highlighting research seeded by an IMR grant. Our

Centers of Excellence are producing world‐leading results, with the Center for Emergent Materials

(CEM), an NSF MRSEC, and the Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices

(CANPBD), an NSF NSEC, continuing their leading presence.

In terms of industrially‐centered research and development, our Wright Center for Photovoltaics

Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC) successfully transitioned from its initial government funding

into a sustained, industry‐supported mode. IMR members have netted three NSF‐supported Industry/

University Cooperative Research Centers (I/UCRCs) and are a dominant force in capturing state‐

supported research to spur commercial advances, from new materials for bioproducts and solar energy

to teraherz imaging and instrumentation development. The sustainable, lightweight materials

manufacturing initiative, started by funding from the Alcoa Foundation, has made extraordinary

progress in its first year. In terms of outreach, several of our members, notably through CEM, CANPBD

and also through wide‐ranging individual efforts, have created innovative pathways for educating the

younger generation and their teachers alike. IMR‐supported and managed core research facilities

continue to add to their existing strengths, with several new capabilities acquired and large increases in

our base of users at each facility.

In addition, last year saw the first cycle of our new, integrated seed grant program that spans individual

exploratory to team‐oriented research. The OSU Materials Research Seed Grant Program awarded 7

new grants totaling $480,000 in direct research support to 15 researchers from seven departments.

The 4th annual OSU Materials Week conference was held in September of 2011, our largest with more

than 450 attendees, in which we highlighted industry‐OSU interactions in materials R&D. Certainly not

least, the sponsored projects expenditures during FY2012 by IMR’s 162 faculty members exceeded

$61.4 million

This annual report provides more detail into many of these activities and accomplishments, and in

general summarizes progress and current status of the IMR within its broad mission to advance and

support the University’s materials‐allied enterprise.

INTRODUCTION AND FISCAL YEAR 2012 HIGHIGHTS

IMR Fiscal Year 2011 -2012 Annual Report

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The Ohio State University Institute for Materials Research (IMR) is an interdisciplinary organization

established in 2006 with the purpose of facilitating, promoting and coordinating research activities and

infrastructure related to the science and engineering of materials throughout the University. As a unit

of the OSU Office of Research directly reporting to the OSU Senior Vice President of Research, IMR

serves as the gateway to the multi‐college materials research enterprise at The Ohio State University.

IMR VISION: A multidisciplinary research institute that propels OSU to the recognized

international forefront of materials‐allied research and scholarship

IMR MISSION: To nurture, grow and support research groups leading to small, large and center‐

level awards; to provide strategic planning, resources, infrastructure, and educational/outreach

activities; to coordinate, support and assist with management of campus‐wide materials‐allied

research and related resources

In 2005, a Materials Vision Committee of 13 OSU faculty from a broad range of departments involved

in materials research from the Colleges of Engineering, Math & Physical Sciences and Medicine was

formed by the OSU Senior Vice President for Research to develop a compelling and strategic vision for

materials‐allied research at OSU. This Committee’s mission was to assess OSU’s materials community

and its activities and make recommendations designed to propel OSU to worldwide leadership in

materials research. In September 2005, the Materials Vision Committee submitted its report, and

based on critical assessments of the status, assets, needs and unique strengths of materials research

across the University with respect to international trends and future opportunities, the Committee

recommended formation of a strong and vibrant Institute for Materials Research (IMR).

The OSU materials community is made up of a diverse and distinguished group of faculty researchers

that continues to grow in reputation, impact and size. The 162 faculty members of the materials

community at Ohio State include 9 National Academy members, 19 Ohio Research Scholars, Ohio

Eminent Scholars, and Distinguished University Professors, 18 endowed chairs and named

professorships, and dozens of Fellows of various professional associations such as AAAS, IEEE, APS, ACS

and MRS. OSU’s materials community includes faculty members and professional research staff

representing 20 departments and 6 colleges ‐ the Colleges of Engineering; Arts and Sciences (Division

of Natural and Mathematical Sciences); Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Medicine;

Pharmacy; and Veterinary Medicine. A Google Scholar literature search of IMR members’ publications

found that these 162 faculty members authored 1,606 publications, or 9.91 papers per faculty member

OVERVIEW OF THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH

IMR MEMBERS AND THE OSU MATERIALS COMMUNITY—BY THE NUMBERS


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during Fiscal Year 2012 (July 1, 2011 – June 30, 2012). Additionally, an ISI literature search indicated

that those 162 faculty members’ publications also received 33,168 citations during that same 12‐

month period, for an average of 204.7 total citations per faculty member that year.

The Ohio State University Office of Sponsored Programs tabulated the research activities of the OSU

materials community and found that during the 12‐month period of July 1, 2011 – June 30, 2012 (OSU

Fiscal Year 12), the externally sponsored research expenditures of IMR members totaled $61,401,636.

The IMR is structured to broadly support and advance this large and multidisciplinary community. The

diagram in Figure 1 shows how IMR interfaces and interacts with all facets of the materials community.

Figure 1. The interface between IMR and the OSU materials community, showing some of the organizational structure of IMR and how it serves as an umbrella organization with resources available to research centers, groups, and individuals.


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The Institute for Materials Research reports to an Executive Committee made up of Ohio State leaders

from the three units of the university that provide direct operational funding for IMR: OSU’s Office of

Research, College of Engineering, and the Division of Natural and Mathematical Sciences of the College

of Arts and Sciences. This committee meets regularly each year with the IMR Director to review IMR

activities, finances, and future plans, and in turn provides oversight and guidance regarding IMR’s

strategic planning and ensures that IMR activities are aligned with college priorities in materials and

are in the best interests of the colleges supporting IMR. The balance in this committee between

equivalent financial stakeholders is critical and has allowed IMR to assist in creating unique college‐to‐

college interactions that leverages the strengths of each.

IMR is also advised by an External Advisory Board (EAB) charged with providing IMR leadership with

non‐OSU perspectives and experience‐driven advice from other universities, industry and federal

laboratories, to help ensure the success and relevance of IMR activities moving forward. An important

goal for the EAB is to assist IMR in maximizing its impact and to enhance its collaborations with

partners from the industrial and non‐profit sectors, including federal laboratories, by providing advice

on both technical directions and mechanisms for interactions with external organizations. The EAB

meets annually with IMR leadership to review and discuss IMR research activities, directions, facilities

and programs and provide a written assessment and recommendations for future success. IMR’s

External Advisory Board members and their affiliations are listed in the organizational chart in Figure 2.

Daily operations at IMR are overseen by IMR Director Dr. Steven A. Ringel, who has served as the

Director of IMR since its inception. Dr. Ringel is a Professor in the Department of Electrical and

Computer Engineering, where he also holds the Neal A. Smith Endowed Chair in Electrical Engineering.

He also holds courtesy appointments as a Professor of Physics and a Professor of Materials Science and

Engineering. Dr. Ringel’s research program is internationally recognized and is focused on electronic

materials, devices, photovoltaics and defect science with a particular interest in integrating basic

science and engineering issues to create new device technologies. The IMR Director is appointed by

the Vice President for Research, with the advice and recommendation of the Executive Committee, and

serves 50% of his time as the chief administrative officer of the IMR. He is responsible for the external

and internal leadership, vision, overall direction, general welfare and progress of the IMR. The Director

is also responsible for the accomplishment of IMR’s programs, financing and staffing, and serves as the

linkage for the IMR community to OSU central administration, and to state and federal government

and external agencies as may be appropriate.

IMR’s three Associate Directors ‐ Malcolm Chisholm, Ph.D., Robert J. Davis, Ph.D., Michael Mills, Ph.D. ‐

represent much of the core OSU materials community, with one Associate Director with a home

department in the College of Engineering, one Associate Director with a home department in the

Division of Natural and Mathematical Sciences of the College of Arts and Sciences, and a third

IMR ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE


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Associate Director who represents leadership from OSU’s materials‐allied research facilities on our

west campus research park, emphasizing core facilities and industry interactions. Each Associate

Director assists with the leadership and planning of the IMR’s activities and directions, and serves as a

formal liaison between his/her college or unit constituency and the IMR. The Associate Directors more

specifically help to plan and participate in major IMR events and coordinate and review IMR Members

of Technical Staff. They meet with the IMR Director to consult with and provide advice regarding

strategic decisions that include research priorities, facility planning, modifying and proposing new

plans, and related issues. They create and recommend review processes regarding allocation decisions

to the Director for funding of programs and support of technical staff through its Research

Enhancement Program.

The IMR has a lean but very effective administrative staff, comprised of a Program Manager and a

Business Manager. IMR administrative staff is responsible not only for the entire financial

administration of IMR and major externally funded research programs, but also has key leadership

within the Institute for activities such as proposal development, management of our large internal

research funding program, annual Materials Week conference, marketing and communications, and

seminar series. The staff also maintains oversight responsibility for the IMR Nanotech West

Laboratory, which formally operates as an organization within IMR. In addition, the IMR employs

several undergraduate students to provide a wide range of support services including conference and

seminar support, clerical duties, driving our shuttle van, and providing lab support to the IMR Members

of Technical Staff who are located in IMR‐supported core facilities throughout campus.

Our organization also employs IMR Members of Technical Staff (MTS), highly skilled technical experts,

research engineers and scientists whose primary function is to enable world‐class research within our

core, multi‐user facilities. Their responsibilities include maintaining facilities at peak operating

conditions, coordinating between materials user facilities across campus, enabling facility access,

providing training and generally being available to assist and, in certain cases, lead research programs.

Importantly, the Members of Technical Staff are assigned to one primary facility and provide a human

interface to enable a network between the many materials facilities and laboratories across colleges.

IMR Members of Technical Staff are a major part of the fabric that enables cross‐disciplinary research,

assisting in the avoidance of redundant lab development and at the same time providing engineering

and scientific support on any number of projects. Generally speaking, MTS employees serve as

laboratory coordinators to enable access by researchers not only from OSU but also from outside the

university. In addition to dealing with all aspects of maintaining complex instrumentation, including

scheduling, data management and financial responsibilities, MTS employees are encouraged to

develop research programs and contracts depending upon their own level of expertise and education.

Departments or centers receiving an IMR MTS to support their activities execute a Memorandum of

Understanding with IMR. The MOU details specifics of the agreement regarding MTS supervision,

salary support, and expectations for the arrangement. Success metrics are jointly agreed upon


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between the faculty member or senior staff member in charge of the particular facility and the MTS,

with approval by the IMR Director. MTS may be reassigned by the IMR Director in consultation with

the Associate Directors to another research area based on university demands, needs and history of

performance. It is understood that any facility that is supported by an MTS must become itself an

“earnings” center so that the facility can be accessible to users throughout the IMR community,

irrespective of home department, via a fee‐for‐use model. We currently have four Members of

Technical Staff with primary facility responsibilities at the Nanotech West Laboratory (Ms. Aimee

Price – nanolithography and Dr. John Carlin – MOCVD and processing), the ENCOMM

NanoSystems Laboratory (Dr. Denis Pelekhov – magnetoelectronics), and the Center for

Chemical and Biophysical Dynamics (Dr. Evgeny Danilov – fast optical spectroscopies). A fifth

MTS position, currently unfilled, was committed this year to the fledgling Center for Electron

Microscopy and Analysis (CEMAS), which is a new core facility that is part of IMR’s Ohio

Research Scholar program award (see the Research Scholars Cluster on Technology‐Enabling

and Emergent Materials section later in this report for more information).

This organizational structure was created by the original vision committee, and has proved to

be an effective way to obtain a wide range of guidance from university, industry, and national

laboratory leadership. Figure 2 shows the organization chart depicting the placement and role

of these committees, their memberships, and formal reporting line.

Figure 2. IMR organizational chart and formal reporting lines as of July 1, 2012.


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The OSU Institute for Materials Research is involved with all aspects of the lifecycle of externally

supported research centers and other block grants within the Ohio State materials community. This

includes continuous strategic proposal development, support of subsequently funded and pre‐existing

centers, support and guidance for renewal of centers and planning for sun‐setting of centers. The

development of prestigious centers of impact is central to IMR’s mission and vision. This section

summarizes a variety of center activities during FY12.

Funding Agency: National Science Foundation ‐ Materials Research Science and Engineering Center

(MRSEC) Program

Principal Investigators: PI: P. Chris Hammel, Co‐PIs: Leonard Brillson, Ezekiel Johnston‐Halperin, Patrick

Woodward, with 14 senior investigators

Duration: 9/1/2008 – 8/1/2014

Amount: $10.8 million + $6.8 million cost share, including more than $1M from IMR

Description: The Center for Emergent Materials (CEM), a NSF Materials Research Science and

Engineering Center (MRSEC), was established at The Ohio State University on September 1, 2008. A

prime goal of the IMR at its inception was to develop prestigious, externally‐supported research

centers at Ohio State. The CEM, which is the first OSU‐led NSF MRSEC, was the result of the IMR’s

initial multi‐year process to cultivate successful research centers from 2006‐2008, described in earlier

reports, working closely with other groups at OSU. Currently, IMR is engaged with CEM at all levels:

through a seat on the CEM Oversight Committee chaired by the Vice President for Research, a seat on

its Executive Committee, and through ongoing financial support of CEM staff members, collaboration/

seminar funds, and support of its internal proto‐IRG seed program. All told this support is

approximately $1M over 6 years. CEM currently consists of 2 Interdisciplinary Research Groups (IRGs),

20 core faculty members and 10 other faculty investigators drawn from 6 different disciplines and 4

universities, in addition to extensive educational and outreach programs. The IMR is fully committed

to the continued success and future renewal of the MRSEC program. Below are FY12 technical

highlights from CEM activities. More extensive details can be found from CEM’s annual report,

submitted to NSF, from which this information was summarized below.

IMR‐SUPPORTED RESEARCH CENTERS AND SELECT PROJECTS

CENTER FOR EMERGENT MATERIALS (CEM) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION MATERIALS RESEARCH SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CENTER (MRSEC)


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HIGHLIGHTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF CEM FOR FY 2012

The research mission of the CEM is to lay the scientific foundations for new opportunities and

directions in complex magnetic materials and systems through discovery of emergent materials and

phenomena, innovation in development of probes used to understand emergent phenomena, and

advances in predictive theory/modeling. This offers the potential for electronic devices that can

perform multiple functions, and innovative, energy‐efficient approaches to information processing and

logic. The CEM has two Interdisciplinary Research Groups (IRGs), and three supported Seeds. A

synopsis of the IRGs is provided below, including details of each IRG’s major accomplishments during

Fiscal Year 2011‐2012 and cumulative accomplishments and impacts to date.

IRG‐1: TOWARDS SPIN‐PRESERVING HETEROGENEOUS SPIN

NETWORKS

In anticipation of a need for integrated heterogeneous materials systems that enable generation,

transport, manipulation, and detection of electronic spin, IRG‐1 is studying characteristics of and

phenomena within multicomponent spin networks. At the heart of this network are low‐dimensional

structures made of spin‐preserving materials such as silicon and carbon. Specifically, the following

correlated challenges (inherent to any spin‐based network architecture) are being addressed in detail,

both experimentally and theoretically: (i) spin injection/extraction: efficient generation of spin‐

polarized free carriers, their injection into an optimal channel, and their extraction from that channel

for subsequent analysis/manipulation, and (ii) spin transport: conveying the spin state from a fixed

point to remote network locations while maintaining the spin polarization. The IRG‐1 team comprises

ten core faculty members, fourteen graduate students, three post‐doctoral scholars, and several

undergraduates.

IRG‐1 MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS DURING FISCAL YEAR 2012

Over the past year, IRG‐1 has leveraged leading positions in scanned probe microscopy, spin transport

in graphene and magnetic resonance to accomplish the following:

ATOMISTIC STUDIES OF MAGNETIC DOPANTS IN SEMICONDUCTORS

Atomistic study of defect energetics: IRG‐1’s STM studies revealed how dopant properties such

as carrier binding energy (e.g., shallow or deep?), depend on proximity to interfaces, dopants,

charged vacancies, adatoms, and step edges.

Density‐functional theory modeling of point defects: DFT calculations performed on Ga(Mn)As


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supercells containing both a Mn acceptor and an As vacancy, improved understanding of the

origins of these observations. These calculations reproduce both the coulomb‐driven physics

and average dielectric constant observed in experiment.

MAGNETISM IN GRAPHENE

Direct Detection of Magnetic Moment Formation: IRG‐1 researchers have developed a new

method to directly detect the formation of magnetic moments in graphene based on their

scattering of pure spin currents in graphene spin valves. Using these techniques, the formation

of local magnetic moments resulting from hydrogen doping or ion bombardment damage has

been identified.

Exploring the mechanisms of spin relaxation in graphene: In related work, IRG‐1 researchers

employed tunneling spin valves to compare spin relaxation in single‐layer graphene (SLG) and

bilayer graphene (BLG) at low temperatures. These experiments reveal dramatically different

spin scattering mechanisms in these two closely related systems, with BLG exhibiting both

longer spin lifetime and an inverse relationship between spin lifetime and diffusion coefficient.

Ab‐initio methods for calculating defect‐induced magnetism and spin lifetimes: IRG‐1

researchers have applied density functional theory to better understand origins of defect‐

induced magnetism and spin lifetimes in graphene. They find that Fe prefers to bind on hollow

sites in the honeycomb lattice, and interestingly, prefers to cluster, with adatoms at nearest

neighbor hollow sites. These methods are being extended to study hydrogen adsorbates and

lattice vacancies for direct comparison with the experimental work described above.

DC AND FMR DRIVEN SPIN INJECTION IN FE/MGO/SI

Correlation of spin‐ and charge‐injection through Fe/MgO/Si tunnel contacts: IRG‐1 researchers

have observed large 3‐terminal spin‐injection signals in Fe/MgO/Si tunnel junction systems

employing n‐ and p‐type Si (doping: ~5 × 1018/cm3, close to the metal‐insulator transition), and

have also observed and quantified important correlations between the spin‐ and charge‐

injection signals measured by current‐voltage J‐V curves. These results provide direct insight

into the spin injection mechanism in these and related materials.

Room‐temperature spin‐pumping into Si directly observed via the spin‐accumulation voltage VS

at Fe/MgO/Si contacts: Using the same Fe/MgO/Si contacts described above, IRG‐1 researchers

find that ferromagnetic resonance excited in the Fe film produces spin accumulation in the

adjacent Si channel, that is detected through the resulting DC voltage across the contact. To the

authors’ knowledge, this is the first time a spin‐pumping induced contact voltage has been used

to directly detect spin accumulation in a semiconductor (as opposed to the inverse spin‐Hall


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effect detection of the spin current pumped into the non‐magnetic material).

IRG1 CUMULATIVE ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND IMPACTS:

Carbon based spintronics: IRG‐1 has established world‐leadership in the area of carbon based

spintronics through the synergistic development of world‐leading graphene spin valves

(switching signal of ~ 100 W 1 and spin lifetime of ~ 1 ns1 at room temperature) and first in world

demonstrations of all‐organic spin valves and hybrid organic/inorganic spin‐functional devices.

Magnetic and electronic structure of point defects: IRG‐1 researchers have established a

leadership position in the characterization and control of individual defects in semiconductors

using advanced scanned STM and sensitive scanned probe magnetic resonance. These studies

leverage atomistic, ab initio theoretical calculations in materials such as GaAs, Si, and graphene.

Spin generation and dissipation: In collaboration with the Thermal Spintronics proto‐IRG, IRG‐1

researchers have published world‐leading results including the elucidation of the importance of

phonon‐magnon drag in magnetic materials and phonon‐electron drag in nonmagnetic

semiconductors in the rapidly emerging area of spin‐thermal physics. Collaborative spin

pumping studies in Fe/MgO/Si heterostructures and modeling demonstrate unique strength in

the study of spin generation and dissipation.

Research images from the IRG‐1 group: (left) STM images and spatial maps of dI/dV, showing an ionization ring around a single surface‐layer Mn acceptor (MnGa). The local downward band bending is increased by bringing VAs nearby, thus causing an increased ring diameter. (right) DFT calculated total LDOS for MnGa near VAs. The in‐gap acceptor state sys‐tematically shifts toward higher energy with proximity to VAs, consistent with experiment.


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IRG‐2: DOUBLE PEROVSKITE INTERFACES AND

HETEROSTRUCTURES

The properties that can be found among A2BB′O6 double perovskites (half‐metallicity, high

temperature ferrimagnetism, etc.) make them one of the most promising families of complex oxides,

yet they are relatively unexplored on many fronts. Many of their properties are not well understood,

many compositions have either not yet been made or are incompletely characterized, and compared to

ABO3 perovskites there have been relatively few studies of thin films and heterostructures. To realize

the potential of double perovskites, IRG‐2 is pursuing two parallel and synergistic thrusts: (a) combined

theoretical, computational and experimental efforts to develop models that can be used to understand

and predict the properties of double perovskites, and (b) growth and characterization of highly ordered

epitaxial double perovskite films, interfaces and heterostructures. The IRG‐2 team comprises nine core

faculty members, one faculty affiliate, twelve graduate students, two post‐doctoral scholars, and

several undergraduates.

IRG‐2 MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS DURING FISCAL YEAR 2012

IRG‐2 researchers continue to break new ground in the field of double perovskite (DP) oxides on three

synergistic fronts: (1) growth and characterization of high quality epitaxial films, (2) synthesis and

characterization of new bulk materials, (3) theory and modeling.

GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH QUALITY EPITAXIAL FILMS

IRG‐2 researchers have shown that the magnetic and electrical transport properties of epitaxial

Sr2CrReO6 films can be varied over a wide range through the appropriate choice of substrate. When

grown on SrTiO3, which is nearly lattice matched, Sr2CrReO6 is a ferrimagnetic (TC = 530 K, MS = 1.3 μB/

f.u.) semiconductor with an optical gap of 0.2 eV. When grown on a substrate that induces either

compressive strain or tensile strain the low temperature resistivity increases, by as much as two orders

of magnitude, and the saturation magnetization also increases, to values as large as 3.2 μB/f.u. The

origins of this dramatic sensitivity to the substrate are currently under investigation.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW BULK MATERIALS

Single phase bulk samples of thirteen double perovskites containing osmium have been prepared and

characterized. All of these compounds are magnetic insulators, with ordering temperatures varying

from 725 to 23 K. The observed patterns of magnetic ordering in this family do not obey the normally

reliable Goodenough−Kanamori rules. A par cularly intriguing case is Sr2CoOsO6 where both

experimental observations and computational modeling shows that long range interactions between

cations of the same type (Co−O−Os−O−Co and Os−O−Co−O−Os) are much stronger than shorter range


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interactions between different cations (Co−O−Os). Further study of the magne sm of these

compounds will shed new light on the rules that govern magnetism in oxides containing both 3d and

5d metal cations.

THEORY AND MODELING

The double perovskite Sr2CrOsO6 is a ferrimagnetic insulator with the highest Curie

temperature (TC=725 K) of any perovskite. IRG‐2 researchers have developed a unified

theoretical framework, integrating the hierarchy of charge and spin energy scales, and have

derived a new analytical criterion for a multi‐band Mott insulator: (UCr UOs)1/2 > 2.5 W, where W

is the bandwidth, and UCr and UOs are the effective charge gaps on Cr and Os, respectively. This

elegant criterion demonstrates that the small U on Os can be compensated by a strong U on Cr

thus driving the system into a Mott insulating state. Among oxides containing 5d transition

metal ions, where spin‐orbit coupling can be large, there are relatively few Mott insulators in

close proximity to a metallic state. Doping such compounds offers the opportunity to discover

novel phases of matter.

In all half‐metallic A2BB′O6 double perovskites studied to date the spin polarization of the

conduction electrons is significantly reduced by B/B′ disorder. First principles DFT calculations

have been used to predict that Ca2MnRuO6 will be a ferrimagnetic half‐metal, in which the spin

polarization is not sensitive to chemical disorder of the Mn and Ru atoms. Furthermore, the

calculations show that due to strong coupling between orbital and spin degrees of freedom in

A2MnRuO6 perovskites it should be possible to use epitaxial strain to tune between

ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic ground states. Following this lead, high quality films of

Sr2MnRuO6 have been deposited as a first step toward exploring the use of epitaxial strain to

control the properties of A2MnRuO6 perovskites.

From the IRG‐2 group: STEM images show (a) a high degree of Cr/Re ordering in films on SrTiO3 and (b) a clear zig‐zag bending of the atomic columns on Sr2GaTaO6.


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IRG‐2 CUMULATIVE ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND IMPACTS:

Near complete ordering in double perovskite epitaxial films: Half‐metallic double perovskites

(A2BB′O6) have attracted wide attention due to their high spin polarization and Curie

temperatures. Realizing this potential requires well‐ordered films; that has been elusive to

date. IRG‐2 has developed a new sputter deposition technique that demonstrates with 99% B/

B′ ordering enabling crystalline quality comparable to the best semiconductor and complex

oxide films made by MBE and PLD.

Surprising semiconducting behavior in Sr2CrReO6 films: The exceptional quality of these films

led to our discovery that, contrary to prevailing belief, fully ordered Sr2CrReO6 is a small gap

semiconductor/Mott insulator. This opens the door to controlling its electrical properties by

doping and to electrostatic gating for device applications.

Spin orbit magnetization tuning: We further confirmed, and calculated theoretically, the role of

strong spin‐orbit coupling in the dramatic sensitivity of the magnetization of fully ordered

Sr2CrReO6 to epitaxial strain: from 1.3 µB/f.u. (no strain ) to 3.2 µB/f.u. (1.6% strain). This offers

a window to understand 5d transition metal complex oxides and could enable magnetization

tuning for multifunctional applications.


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Funding Agency: National Science Foundation Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC)

Program

Principal Investigators: PI: L. James Lee, Co‐PIs: John Lannutti, Robert J. Lee, Susan Olesik, Michael

Paulaitis, R. Sooryakumar, and Sherwin Singer

Duration: 09/01/2004 – 09/30/2014

Amount: $25,716,460

Description: IMR and Ohio State are fortunate to not only be a site for a current NSF MRSEC program,

but also a current NSF NSEC program ‐ The Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric

Biomedical Devices (CANPBD) ‐ making OSU one of only 7 U.S. universities to be home to both types of

prestigious NSF materials research centers during FY12. CANPBD is housed within IMR’s Nanotech

West Laboratory, with its primary biohybrid laboratories supported by IMR/Nanotech West staff

members, in conjunction with CANPBD senior researchers. CANPBD student and postdoctoral

researcher offices are also located at Nanotech West. CANPBD was initiated in 2004 and is currently in

its second cycle of the NSF award, with a primary goal to develop polymer‐based, low‐cost

nanomaterials and nanoengineering technology to produce advanced medical diagnostic devices, cell‐

based devices, and multifunctional polymer‐nanoparticle‐biomolecule nanostructures for next‐

generation medical and pharmaceutical applications. Although challenging, this goal provides not only

opportunities for scientific breakthroughs and the development of cutting edge technologies, but novel

and demonstrable interdisciplinary system integration. Fundamental science and engineering is one of

the major foci of this center. In Phase I, ending in 2009, many useful nanotechnologies, devices and

nanoconstructs were developed. Each had specific merits and value‐added capabilities providing for

near‐term applications. Following this success, a nanotechnology system was established in Phase II to

address the need for (1) ‘up‐stream’ fundamental science, (2) high risk technologies meeting long‐term

research objectives, and (3) ‘down‐stream’ devices and nanoconstructs requiring integrated system‐

level effort. In addition to NSF NSEC funding, the CANPB team has successfully pursued leverage grants

from NSF SBIR/STTR, other funding agencies (e.g. NIH, Ohio Third Frontier Program) and industry

through joint proposals and CANPBD spin‐off companies. Joint proposals and grants with our medical

collaborators and industrial partners provide not only commercialization pathways, but also a

‘blueprint’ for a business plan to achieve center sustainability after Phase II funding ends. IMR has

been integral to the phase II development and transition plans beyond the NSF funding limit of 2014,

CENTER FOR AFFORDABLE NANOENGINEERING OF POLYMER BIOMEDICAL DEVICES (CANPBD) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CENTER (NSEC)


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notably through its support of internal seed funding specifically targeting CANPBD‐industry and

CANPBD‐College of Medicine teams which has amounted to more than $250k to date.

The interconnections among fundamental sciences, technology innovations and medical applications of

our research plan in Phase II are organized into three highly integrated nanofactory assembly (or

disassembly) systems for personalized nanomedicine. The first two systems consist of an Automated

Cell to Biomolecule Analysis (ACBA) ‘liquid biopsy’ System for early cancer detection and the third is a

smaller Multifunctional Nanoparticle Design and Synthesis (MNDS) System for simultaneous delivery of

therapeutic, imaging and probing reagents. One ACBA system is based on an Optical Tweezers

platform, while the other is based on a Magnetic Tweezers platform. All three systems share many

similar nanotechnologies and nanomaterials to address a broad range of biomedical needs. To realize

this goal, the system level challenges and technical barriers are addressed though team efforts using

the SIMILAR system integration process and the Risk Management approach.

HIGHLIGHTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF CANPBD FOR FY 2012

The center’s research team has completed a very productive year. Our faculty and students published

69 technical papers (266 papers since 2004). In addition, 11 patents were filed (25 patents filed since

2004), 1 patent was awarded (4 patents awarded since 2004), and 5 inventions were disclosed (17

inventions were disclosed since 2004). Six PhD students and 6 MS students finished their studies in the

past 12 months, and are now working for industry, other companies, government and academia. Our

research program and industrial collaboration are strongly enhanced by $4.6M in federal grants, $1M

in research and commercialization grants from the Ohio Department of Development, industry, and

SBIR Phase I and II grants. In addition to the $8M state‐of‐the‐art equipment items in nanomachining,

nanoscale polymer processing, nanobio characterization and manipulation, and micro/nanofluidic

analysis fully installed in the CANPBD’s central labs at Nanotech West Laboratory, we have designed,

built and successfully demonstrated preliminary ACBA and MNDS prototypes. The “supply chain”

linking CANPBD with nearby national laboratories such as Battelle, major medical centers at OSU such

as the Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), the Center for Entrepreneurship at OSU’s Fisher College of

Business, and the biotech industry has been further enhanced through the addition to the Industrial

Advisory Board and an expanded Medical Advisory and Evaluation Board.

A brief summary of major research accomplishments in the two nanofactory systems and our center‐

level system integration efforts during the last reporting period of Phase II are introduced here.

OPTICAL TWEEZERS BASED ACBA

The Optical tweezers based ACBA integrates novel polymer/ DNA soft lithography for chip fabrication,

low‐cost optical tweezers for cell manipulation, synthesis of liposomal nanoparticles containing


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advanced fluorescence molecular probes for in‐situ detection in living cells, and electrokinetically

driven nanofluidics for probe/molecule delivery into a single platform. In the 2011 annual report, we

showed a successful prototype ACBA system consisting of an antibody array for capturing targeted cells

in a cell mixture and an innovative nanochannel electroporation (NEP) device for injecting molecular

beacons (MBs) to detect the targeted mRNA biomarkers inside the captured living cells. The two are

integrated on a low‐cost optical tweezers platform for cell manipulation. NEP is realized by a low‐cost

DNA Combing and Imprinting (DCI) process recently invented in our center to produce polymer

microchannel‐nanochannel‐microchannel arrays on large surface areas. Using an automated dip

coating process and a layer‐by‐layer approach, we are now able to produce DCI chips with a successful

rate of >90% nanochannels from <5 to >200 nm diameter covering an area larger than 1 cm2. In the

last 12 months, a high‐resolution cell sorting technology based on a novel tethered immunoliposome

nanoparticle (tILN) array design has been successfully developed and tested. We have also successfully

designed two advanced molecular probes, locked nucleic acid based molecular beacon (LNA‐MB) for

microRNA and nuclease resistant molecular beacon (NR‐MB) for messenger RNA. They can be

encapsulated inside the tILN array to carry out simultaneous cell capture and intra‐cellular biomarker

(e.g. specific microRNAs and messenger RNAs) detection in individual living cells with high stability and

low ‘false positive’ effects. The same tILN array can also capture and detect intra‐cellular biomarkers in

circulated microvesicles such as exosomes in serum samples.

In addition, we are integrating our nanofibers based cell race tracking technique with this ACBA

platform to achieve broader applications. In collaboration with our modeling group, we have built

molecular structures of the different components of tethered bilayers, tethered nanoparticles, and

densely and loosely packed tethered bilayers with perforations and with attached vesicles, which

mimic the structures thought to be present in our electroporation system. We are now preparing to

simulate the dielectric properties/conductivity as a function of the system structure. Goals in the

upcoming year are to simulate the electro‐impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of these structures and

compare the predictions to experimental results. The end goal is to establish, through computations, a

method for inferring likely membrane structures from the EIS spectrum. For the first time, this will

allow EIS to be used for quantitative measurement of membrane structures, and thereby aid in

designing electroporation strategies for drug delivery.

NANOFIBER‐BASED MIGRATIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHY

For Nanofiber‐based migrational chromatography, we have begun to finalize both the highly aligned

nanofiber array and the conditions needed to guide the motion of migrating metastatic tumor cells.

Key to progress in this area has been the investigation of different fiber moduli enabling potential

improvements in migration. In this area, we have utilized “core‐shell” electrospinning to create

elegant combinations of fibers having the same surface chemistries, but different internal ‘core’

compositions, and thus, different overall moduli. The surprising discovery: nanofiber moduli both

higher and lower than that of polycaprolactone (PCL) display evidence of decreased motility. This is


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actually in line with recent measurements of brain matter indicating that the modulus of these delicate

in vivo structures is in fact most similar to that of PCL. Therefore we will continue to utilize PCL as the

nanofiber composition providing for the best, most rapid migration.

As a natural complement to this, we have been examining the effects of different oxygen content

media given biological reports suggesting that cancer cells migrate in response to oxygen gradients.

We are interested in determining exactly which oxygen contents provide for the most rapid migration.

Our results show that the presence of bovine or earthworm hemoglobin improves individual cell

viability and growth at low O2 levels. On the other hand, human hemoglobin adversely affects cell

growth and viability at increased hemoglobin concentrations and decreased oxygen levels. Decreasing

oxygen content from 5 to 1% O2 decreases aggregate dispersion on aligned fibers. Addition of bovine

hemoglobin at 5% O2 significantly increased aggregate dispersion.

Sensors that can rapidly determine locally dissolved oxygen levels under biologically relevant

conditions provide critical real‐time information about local oxygen contents that could be lower than

those applied systemically and could alter cell velocity. Using electrospun PCL containing an oxygen‐

sensitive probe, tris(4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) dichloride, we observed an

oxygen response time of 0.9+/‐0.12 seconds. The t95 for the corresponding film was more than two

orders of magnitude greater. The response and recovery times of larger diameter PCL fibers were

1.79±0.23 s and 2.29±0.13 s, respectively. Response time is statistically different from that of ‘normal’

electrospun fibers. A more than 10‐fold increase in PCL fiber diameter reduces oxygen sensitivity while

having minor effects on response time; conversely, decreases in fiber diameter to less than 0.5 µm

would likely decrease response times even further. Leaching of the oxygen‐sensitive probe was

observed, necessitating a shift to PES or PES‐PCL core‐shell nanofibers providing 2‐ and 3‐fold slower

response times, respectively. At exposures up to 3600s in length, PCL photobleaching was largely

eliminated by the use of either PES or PES‐PCL compositions.

A critical aspect of the aligned fiber racetrack is that the cells currently migrate in both directions. We

seek to develop a ‘lure’ capable of biasing cell motion in one direction. Key to this concept is the use of

supercritical/subcritical fluids as a means of infusing bioactive molecules into the polymeric nanofiber

at defined locations such that these infused depositions guide the cells in the appropriate direction.

PCL‐gelatin blends were explored as a bioactive electrospun scaffold in examining increased pressures

and temperatures on Rhodamine B loading and release. The presence of the gelatin renders these

electrospun fibers far less sensitive to supercritical CO2 exposure. PCL swelling and gelatin compression

occur simultaneously, and this volumetric compensation stabilizes the PCL within the blend without

overall deformation. ATR observations suggest that these exposures increase the mobility of the

amorphous content. In cases where XRD shows no crystalline content peaks prior to CO2 treatment,

post‐exposure crystalline regions are detected. PCL‐gelatin scaffolds infused at either 1200 or 1500‐psi

subcritical conditions increase Rhodamine B loading concentrations 5‐fold compared to scaffolds

infused at only at 900 psi. PCL‐gelatin scaffolds infused supercritically at either 1200 or 1500 psi


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showed increased loading of Rhodamine B compared to scaffolds infused at 900 psi but produce

significantly lower released concentrations compared to 1200 or 1500 psi subcritically infused

scaffolds. These are likely a result of Rhodamine B’s solubility being significantly greater in liquid CO2

compared to gaseous or supercritical CO2.

Investigations aimed at assessing the effectiveness of femtosecond (FS) laser ablation of these

electrospun PCL‐gelatin blends were initiated. Statistical comparisons of the fiber diameter and

surface porosity on laser‐machined and as‐spun surfaces were made and results showed that laser

ablation did not change fiber surface morphology. The minimum feature size that could be created on

electrospun nanofiber surfaces by direct‐write ablation was measured over a range of laser pulse

energies. The minimum feature size that could be created was limited only by the pore size of the

scaffold surface. The chemical states of PCL/gelatin nanofiber surfaces were measured before and

after FS laser machining by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR)

spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showing that laser machining produced no

changes in the chemistry of the surface. FS laser ablation is an effective process for microscale

structuring of electrospun PCL‐gelatin.

This novel “cell race track” technology requires that we establish the optimal conditions needed to

guide the cells to achieve separation as quickly and efficiently as possible. Beyond supercritical CO2, an

Nano/biotechnology for high school students at St. Charles Preparatory School

Through the CANPBD‐sponsored Research Experience for Teachers (RET) program at Ohio State during the summer of 2010,

high school physics teacher Dr. Sarah Vandermeer was introduced to techniques of nanofiber synthesis and their

applications in biotechnology. After her summer research experience in the lab of Professor John Lannutti, a member of

CANPBD, Dr. Vandermeer created her own electrospinning apparatus at St. Charles High School. Since then, Dr. Vandermeer

and her students have performed original research on the physical properties of nanospun fibers, and observed cell mobility

on nanofiber scaffolds.

A PC microscope (left, in front of the computer) is focused on a petri dish containing amoebazoan slime mold on an aligned

nano‐fiber sheet. The student is programming the computer to record time‐lapse images of cell motion under various

conditions.


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additional technology is localized electroosmotic delivery that could induce a well‐characterized

gradient of chemoattractants. Once at the end of the array, we will utilize a combination of polymeric

surfaces and surface treatments to decrease cell adhesion allowing easy removal of cells from these

surfaces. In addition, we have already shown how localized electroosmotic delivery of trypsin or

collagenase can decrease cell adhesion from these surfaces to allow for easy removal.

The current ACBA system has satisfied our Level 1 and Level 2 technical metrics requirements for

system integration. We are now working towards Level 3 technical metrics, i.e. to sort out ~10

targeted cancer cells from a mixture of 5~8,000,000 white blood cells (typical PBMC cell number per 1

mL human blood sample) and to achieve the detection of more than two targeted microRNAs an

messenger RNAs at the single cell level with a user friendly and low‐cost ACBA system. We have also

started a small scale patient blood study to capture and detect lung cancer circulating tumor cells

(CTCs) using this platform. To further reduce the cost, a micro‐lens array is being developed to

facilitate cell manipulation and a comprehensive and automated DCI process will be completed soon.

MAGNETIC TWEEZERS BASED ACBA

The magnetic tweezers based ACBA, on the other hand, focuses on silicon‐polymer hybrid micro/

nanoengineering for chip and sensor fabrication, magnetic based cell sorting and manipulation, and

semiconductor nanowire based cell lysis and biomarker detection. We have demonstrated that cells

can be rapidly (within seconds) conjugated to labeled magnetic beads on a microarray platform of

Permalloy (NiFe) disks. The labeled cells are then introduced into a microfluidic channel with an

embedded array of zigzag FeCo wires or circular NiFe disks whose highly localized, permanent magnetic

field gradients have been used to separate labeled cells from unlabeled ones. This separation is

achieved through directed magnetic forces by combining externally controlled programmable weak

(~60 Oe) fields with the magnetic fields originating from the surface patterned wires or disks. In order

to interrogate the sorted cells, we have shown that individual magnetically labeled cells can be

introduced into an ionic droplet and transported for further interrogation. We have also quantified the

capture efficiency encapsulating magnetic microparticles and cells with individual droplets. We are

continuing our progress to achieving our ultimate metric of sorting out ~10 targeted cancer cells from a

mixture of about 30,000 cells and to subsequently detect one to five targeted microRNAs at the single

cell level with a biocompatible and low‐cost magnetic tweezers based system.

In order to achieve more efficient cell labeling within the “on‐chip” ACBA platform, we are developing

a microfluidic “cell‐labeler” that directly links to the magnetic separation stage. In this labeling stage,

magnetic polymeric beads labeled with specific antibodies are introduced, along with a parallel input of

the mixture of cells, to a designed central channel that promotes nanointerfacial folding for enhanced

labeling. An attractive feature of this approach is its direct integration to the magnetic traps/ tweezers

stage where both, positive or negative, selection can be promoted during separation. The experimental

work on the different platform stages is supported by modeling and simulations related to microfluidic


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flow and droplet formation.

In the third distinct stage of this ACBA platform, label‐free microRNA detection will enable evaluating

the biochemical character within the captured cells to enable diagnosis and treatment of tumors that

are linked to the source of the cancer cells. The detection is being mainly advanced through nanowire

charge sensor based arrays. In this effort, single cells (magnetically labeled or unlabeled) are precisely

moved to lie directly above the nanowire sensor using a new nanomagnetic tweezers that guides the

cell to the desired location. Once located, we have successfully performed localized heating and cell

lysing at the single cell level using the nano‐wire heaters. We have calibrated the temperatures using

FRET probes in the solution above the nano‐wire heaters and determined the voltage and the

corresponding temperature needed for cell lysing. We are currently pursing measurement of localized

thermal cycling at the single cell level towards target miRNA amplification and optical detection.

The two ACBA platforms complement each other and represent two major cell sorting and

characterization concepts with the Optical tweezers based ACBA relying on the non‐cleanroom, soft

materials fabrication technologies and cell in‐situ biodetection, while the Magnetic tweezers based

ACBA relying more on the well established cleanroom semiconductor fabrication technologies and

conventional cell lysis biodetection. The former has advantages of low‐cost potential and living cell

characterization; however, its reliability needs to be carefully evaluated because both the fabrication

and sensing methods are new. The latter has advantages of more robust fabrication and high

automation potential; however, its affordability needs to be addressed.

Through a collaboration with Edheads (www.edheads.org), an award‐winning 501(c) (3) educational web development company, the NSF‐supported CANPBD Center at Ohio State has been able to explain the benefits and excitement of nanotechnology to many thousands of potential future scientists. CANPBD’s collaboration with Edheads teaches curious minds of all ages about nanotechnology and biotechnology through unique, educational Web experiences designed to make hard‐to‐teach concepts understandable. The hallmarks of the Flash‐based Edheads activities are a focus on real‐world applications, and involve the viewer in interactive problem‐solving. The online activities motivate young participants to consider careers in science and engineering and the response to this web‐based education project has been very enthusiastic.

The Edheads project has made a major impact on the education of young people about science ‐ the “Nanoparticles and

Brain Tumors” activity was launched online in December 2011 and in the year since the launch, over half a million different

viewers participated in the activity. A cell phone design activity produced in collaboration with the College of Engineering at

Ohio State has involved over 10.9 million users since June 2009.

Above: The introduction to the Edheads online nanoparticle activity, featuring an animation of OSU Professor Jessica Winter


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We have also made progress in developing and evaluating promising alternative technologies for

enhanced detection of target miRs that can be incorporated into the third stage of either ACBA system.

These alternative technologies are: electrochemiluminescence (ECL), the capture and profiling of miR‐

containing tumor cell‐secreted microvesicles including exosomes secreted, and bioseparation by

nanofluidics.

In our work to selectively capture miR‐containing cell‐secreted microvesicles (MVs) and detect the miR

content of specific sub‐populations of these MVs, we have selectively captured the cancer‐specific MV

sub‐populations of interest on antibody microarrays, and characterized this sub‐population based on

MV size, size distribution, and morphology. In addition, we have shown that miRs contained in MVs

secreted from the cancer cells can be distinguished from those in MVs secreted from the non‐

malignant cells, suggesting that measuring the miR content of cell‐secreted MVs may enhance the

sensitivity of miR detection compared to detecting miRs expression levels within the parent cells. We

are now testing a novel idea of using tILN microarray to capture and detect MVs. Promising preliminary

results have been generated using both lung cancer cell lines and patient blood samples. Absolute

abundances (copy number per cell) of the five target miRs in cells have been quantified, and cell‐

secreted MVs that have been identified for distinguishing breast cancer cells from non‐malignant cells.

The isolation/purification of miR‐containing MVs has also led to biophysical/biochemical

characterizations of MVs that will enable optimizing Stage III biodetection methods based on cell‐

secreted exosomal miR assays, as alternatives to cellular miR assays.

MNDS SYSTEM

For the MNDS system, significant advances have been made on both chemistry and engineering

aspects of nanoparticles. Novel cationic lipids (TRENL series) have been synthesized and co‐lipids have

been identified (based on polyunsaturated fatty acids and based on SPAN80), which, when combined,

provided exceptionally efficient delivery of siRNA, miRNA and anti‐miR oligos, both in vitro and in vivo.

Targeted nanoparticles based on dual antibody targeting have been synthesized to improve the

efficiency and selectivity of cellular delivery. Novel methods have been developed, based on molecular

beacon and QDot‐FRET, to elucidate the intracellular trafficking pathways of different types of

nanoparticles. On engineering, microfluidics has been integrated with electrospray for nanoparticle

synthesis. In addition, a novel gene‐loaded nanoparticle synthesis method based on microfluidics

assisted picoliter droplet generation was developed that provided improved process control in

nanocarrier synthesis and transfection efficiency. Furthermore, a microwell‐nanochannel array has

been explored to synthesize multifunctional nanoparticles in a highly controlled manner. We plan to

further integrate innovations in chemistry with engineering, together with intracellular mechanistic

findings, to determine the structure‐function relationships related to multifunctional nanoparticles and

enable rationale design of the next generation of nanoparticles. We have close collaborations with

several labs at the OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, which have carried out bioevaluation of the

newly developed nanoparticles carrying therapeutically relevant miRNA/anti‐miRs, as well as small


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molecule drugs, in several cancer types using cell lines and animal models, including leukemia, liver

cancer and lung cancer.

COMMERCIALIZATION EFFORTS

A key to eventually realizing the commercialization of nanoengineered biomedical devices is engaging

in industry‐recognized systems engineering processes for the three platforms that are being integrated

(ACBA I, ACBA II and MNDS) early enough in the development process so that key technical risks are

retired and interface issues resolved by the end of NSEC Phase II. This approach should facilitate the

next phase of investment (e.g. NIH P41 Center and Bioengineering Research Partnerships (BRP), as

described in Section 22) to allow further development of these platforms.

For each of the three system platforms, ACBA I, ACBA II and MNDS, we have put in place five

documents to assist teams in system integration activities: System Description, System Block Diagram,

System (and subsystem) Requirements, Risk Management Plan and System Integration Plan. These

documents are in a common repository to which all students, faculty and staff in the CANPBD have

access. As well, there are faculty teams forming for each platform who will meet regularly to maintain

these documents as well as discuss issues related to system integration on their respective platforms.

A similar competitive analysis platform will be established for the aforementioned three systems.

To facilitate a structured approach to system integration that reduces programmatic risk for each of

the system platforms (ACBA I, ACBA II and MNDS), we have put in place a system of documentation

and processes in three critical areas: Requirements Management, Risk Management and System

Integration Planning. We have disseminated the work products associated with these efforts, including

transitioning ownership and maintenance, to the respective platform teams consisting of students,

post‐docs and faculty. The work products generated include (for each of the three platforms): system

requirements, system description and architecture, subsystem requirements, risk management plan

and system integration plan.


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Funding Agency: Ohio Department of Development

Principal Investigators: PI: Steven Ringel, Co‐PIs: Peter March, Divisional Dean, Natural and

Mathematical Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences; David B. Williams, Dean of Engineering and

Executive Dean for the Professional Colleges; Bruce A. McPheron, Dean of Food, Agricultural and

Environmental Sciences and Vice President of Agricultural Administration

Duration: 8/18/2009 – 8/17/2013

Amount: $18,153,846 ($8,953,846 to Ohio State) plus cost share of $17.2 million

Description: The OSU Institute for Materials Research is the lead organization for a state‐wide

materials program funded by the State of Ohio, the $18.1M Ohio Research Scholars Program (ORSP)

award entitled Technology‐Enabling and Emergent Materials ‐ TEEM. This award creates a university

coalition consisting of The Ohio State University, the University of Akron and the University of Dayton

and funds the creation and support of a research cluster comprised of five endowed chairs with the

title of Ohio Research Scholar – three at OSU and one each at the University of Akron and the

University of Dayton. IMR Director Steven Ringel serves as that award’s Principal Investigator and IMR

performs all program management and research administration for the award.

The technical goal of this program through targeted faculty hiring is to pioneer revolutionary

approaches to accelerate the development of materials for technological impact, by evaluating

emergent materials at an early stage through the application of advanced characterization and

predictive modeling. By targeting the Scholars positions toward advanced microscopy, including

applications toward biomaterials, chemical synthesis from bio‐based sources, and scalable processing

based on nanostructure‐enhanced composite and also bio‐based materials, this unique cluster aims to

build upon and coordinate strategic strengths existing at the partnered universities in areas of

international impact. A prime area of focus is the exploration and development of innovative materials

that possess tailored functionalities and are derived from nontraditional (including bio‐based) sources,

with the state’s universities and industries being the prime beneficiaries. IMR has established a

Materials Innovation Council that includes leaders from the three state universities and a wide range of

industry leaders and other state‐supported industrial consortia, in order to maintain alignment and

communications up and down the value‐chain from basic science to commercialization, which is

chaired by Dr. Ringel.

RESEARCH SCHOLARS CLUSTER ON TECHNOLOGY‐ENABLING AND EMERGENT MATERIALS (TEEM) OHIO DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OHIO RESEARCH SCHOLARS PROGRAM AWARD


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HIGHLIGHTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE TEEM ORSP FOR

FY2012

During FY12, 4 of the 5 total TEEM Scholars all have made substantial progress in initiating and

advancing their research thrusts, with several of the scholars already initiating collaborative research.

Their individual highlights are provided below. The fifth Scholar position is currently in the process of

being filled at the time of this writing, via the Department of Chemistry at Ohio State. With 4 of the 5

scholars now in place, several of the TEEM plans are taking shape. Our initial kick‐off meeting was held

on March 7, 2012, during which the IMR Director reviewed the TEEM program objectives and its

structure, the importance and intended role for the Materials Innovation Council (MIC), the need to

engage partner industries around the state, and led a discussion of just what are reasonable

expectations for the cluster to create multi‐institutional interactions. Each of the Scholars presented

an overview of their individual technical expertise and activities, and all of this was done with OSU

academic leadership from the College of Engineering, the Division of Natural and Mathematic Sciences

of the College of Arts and Science, and the Office of Research. The technical presentations were given

by the four Research Scholars – Profs. David McComb and Katrina Cornish (OSU), Scott Gold (University

of Dayton) and Nita Sahai (University of Akron). The very successful kickoff meeting led to an

agreement to have an annual meeting of this group, with the next one planned for Fall of 2012, and

thereafter to coordinate meetings at the annual Materials Week conference hosted by IMR, which will

be run at the end of spring semester starting in 2013 (shifted to spring due to OSU’s change from an

academic quarter to semester system).

A summary of each Scholar’s activities during FY 2012 is provided below, and a full listing of their

publications, invited talks and other professional accomplishments is included in the report’s

appendices.

Ohio Research Scholars Nita Sahai, Scott Gold, Katrina Cornish, and David McComb at the March 7, 2012 meeting


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KATRINA CORNISH, OHIO RESEARCH SCHOLAR IN BIO‐BASED

EMERGENT MATERIALS

Dr. Katrina Cornish joined the faculty at OSU’s Horticulture and Crop Science department in 2010 as an

Ohio Research Scholar in Bio‐based Emergent Materials. Dr. Cornish is widely considered to be the

leading U.S. scientific expert, and is internationally recognized as a principal authority, on alternative

natural rubber production, properties and products, and on natural rubber biosynthesis in general. Her

research focuses on bioemergent materials including exploitation of opportunity feedstocks from

agriculture and food processing wastes for value‐added products and biofuels. Dr. Cornish holds a

joint appointment with the Department of Horticulture and Crop Science and the Department of Food,

Agricultural and Biological Engineering. She leads a multidisciplinary team in the creation of innovative

industrial materials from plant‐based sources and associated biological, chemical and physical

processes. Dr. Cornish is based on the Wooster campus of the Ohio Agricultural Research and

Development Center (OARDC) ‐ which is the research arm of OSU’s College of Food, Agriculture and

Environmental Sciences and the largest university agricultural bioscience research facility in the United

States.

Since joining OSU as an Ohio Research Scholar, Dr. Cornish has been busy establishing her research

group and laboratory space in Wooster. She has hired five students, including two Masters students

working on medical scaffolds research and three Ph.D. candidates to support research in weediness

and gene flow issues and GMOs for increased crop yield. This year, renovations continued for a

replacement processing space used for her group’s research, and major instrumentation acquisitions

included a DMA800 dynamic mechanical analyzer from TA Instruments for rubber analysis, a Partec

flow cytometer for ploidy analysis, and a Field Spec Pro Near Infra Red Spectrophotometer (ASD).

Dr. Cornish has been awarded three externally funded research grants totaling nearly $1.5 million,

including an ARPA‐E award with Chromatin LLC, and three OARDC Research Enhancement seed awards

totaling $200,000. She also filed an Invention Disclosure for a novel process for sequential extraction

of rubber and direct utilization of inulin from Taraxacum koksaghyz and trademarked the DamSafe

dental dam deproteinizer. This fiscal year she also chaired the Terminology subcommittee of D11

Rubber at the ASTM conference, and presented papers at three conferences ‐ the 14th International

Latex Conference, The International Symposium on Establishment of Carbon‐Cycle‐System with Natural

Rubber, and the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops Annual meeting.


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DR. KATRINA CORNISH, RESEARCH AWARDS:

U.S. Department of Energy ARPA‐E: Plant‐Based Sesquiterpene Biofuels, with Chromatin LLC,

Total award is $5,769,590, OSU Portion $1,200,000

PanAridus: Guayule germplasm improvement by plastidic transformation to produce

isoprenoid substrates for rubber biosynthesis, $224,992 award

Bridgestone/OSU Guayale Research Agreement: $32,000 award for Solvent extraction

activities contracted to Crown Iron Works

SEEDS: The OARDC Research Enhancement: Novel biopolymer substrates for medically‐

relevant cell differentiation and tissue growth, $50,000 award

SEEDS: The OARDC Research Enhancement: Russian dandelion (TKS) and guayule germplasm

improvement by plastidic transformation to produce isoprenoid substrates for rubber

biosynthesis, $50,000 award

SEEDS The OARDC Research Enhancement – Interdisciplinary Award: Development and

environmental regulation of rubber particles among species, $100,000 award

DAVID MCCOMB, OHIO RESEARCH SCHOLAR IN NANOSCALE

MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION

In February 2011, Professor David McComb joined The Ohio State University as the fourth of five total

TEEM Ohio Research Scholars. Dr. McComb is a Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and is

the Ohio Research Scholar in Nanoscale Materials Characterization. Dr. McComb is a world leader in

electron microscopy and the application of such methods to biological and structural materials, and at

Imperial College London he was responsible for the establishment of the first monochromated

analytical electron microscopy facility in the UK. At Imperial, Dr. McComb led a research group of

seventeen people and served as Co‐Director of the London Centre for Nanotechnology. He is a Fellow

of the Royal Society of Chemistry and a Member of the IOM3, Council of Royal Microscopial Society

and the Institute of Physics, and has over 90 publications and patents. Dr. McComb’s specific research

concentrates on the development and application of nanoanalytical electron microscopy techniques

for the study of chemistry, structure and bonding at the interfaces of atoms. His work also includes the

synthesis of novel, multifunctional three‐dimensionally ordered solids.

Since joining OSU, Dr. McComb has focused largely on establishing the Center for Electron Microscopy

and AnalysiS (CEMAS), a unique, state‐of‐the‐art structural characterization facility that centers on

electron microscopy and multiscale modeling that will support advancement of structural, electronic

and biological materials. Dr. McComb founded CEMAS with the intent of it becoming the hub for

business and academia for materials characterization. A point of difference in this facility will be the

world‐class multidisciplinary approach that enables academic and business partners to “see” more


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than ever before. Current and future challenges in medicine, healthcare, environment, energy and

technology need increasingly to be addressed on length scales ranging from millimetres to the scale of

individual atoms. The delivery of novel solutions in cancer therapies, diseases of an aging population,

sustainable development of functional and structural materials demands a multidisciplinary approach

to research. The mission of CEMAS is to disrupt the stratification of disciplines in the characterization

of materials. CEMAS will do this by bringing together multidisciplinary expertise to drive synergy and

amplify our characterisation capabilities, and thus challenge what is possible in analytical electron

microscopy. CEMAS will be the center that breaks through the current characterization limitations in

medicine, environmental science, energy materials and beyond.

It is anticipated that CEMAS will become one of the world’s finest advanced microscopy facilities and

one that will facilitate the application of electron microscopy to incredible breadth of materials

science, from biomaterials and bio‐based materials, to nanoelectronics, energy materials and advanced

structural materials. CEMAS will enable the entire research scholar cluster to advance beyond its

already strong plan, since the facility will create an easy‐access, user‐based infrastructure for

collaborative research and development where industries can be brought closely to the ORSP activities

that are focused on explorative materials. CEMAS will have one of the largest concentrations of

electron and ion beam analytical microscopy instruments in any North American institution. These will

include two aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes (S/TEM). One

instrument is optimized for high spatial resolution imaging and analysis with the capability to provide

sub‐angstrom resolution, while the second instrument, delivered in June 2012, is designed for

investigation of soft materials and biomaterials with the ultimate in chemical analysis capabilities as

well as high resolution imaging performance.

Some of the extensive renovations underway at the future home of CEMAS include specialized flooring modifications to support custom anti‐vibration panels. CEMAS will be the premier advanced microscopy

facility in North America when it opens in September 2013.


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Central to the mission of CEMAS is to educate the next generation of electron microscopy users and

experts. To achieve this, it is the goal of CEMAS to make every instrument in the facility accessible

through remote access. This will enable instruments to be used and demonstrated in a world‐leading

digital lecture theatre within the CEMAS facility. Students and educators will be able to control and

interact with every instrument to facilitate teaching of the theory of electron microscopy and training

users in all aspects of the use and operation. This will also provide a foundation for distance learning,

in particular to provide electron microscopy training to other OSU campuses and other academic

institutions in Ohio and elsewhere. The use of electron microscopes by users at sites outside CEMAS is

also a key enabler of remote collaboration with academic, government and industrial research

partners.

CEMAS will be housed in a custom‐designed environment located approximately 100 yards from

Nanotech West Laboratory in the Kinnear Road west campus research complex, a strategic location

that will encourage substantial industry interaction and will leverage the large base of existing

materials processing, fabrication and biomaterials capabilities at Nanotech West, next door. This

facility will provide a world‐class environment for five transmission electron microscopes (TEM), three

scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and two dual‐beam focused ion beam (FIB) instruments. Sample

preparation laboratories for life sciences, physical sciences and engineering will be provided with full

technical support. The provision of comprehensive computer facilities for data processing and image

simulation will allow academic and industrial users to carry out their entire microscopy and analysis

program at CEMAS. A support team of technical, research, administrative and academic staff based at

CEMAS, including an IMR MTS, will provide comprehensive support to all users through a variety of

mechanisms from contract research to collaborative projects. Open plan desk space is provided for

research students and post‐doctoral researchers based at the facility with “hot‐desks” available for

occasional users. Long‐term industrial and commercial partners can be provided with secure office

space for semi‐permanent staff. nDr McComb has led a team of architects, engineers and scientist sin

the design of the facility on West Campus. Construction of the new facility will start in August 2012

and it is anticipated that the space will be opened in September 2013.

SCOTT GOLD, OHIO RESEARCH SCHOLAR IN MULTISCALE

COMPOSITES PROCESSING, UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON

During the Fall 2010 semester, the University of Dayton School of Engineering hired Dr. Scott Gold as

an Associate Professor in chemical and materials engineering and Ohio Research Scholar in Multiscale

Composites Processing. His research interests include surface chemistry and the development of novel

nanostructured materials, with a focus on energy related applications. Gold's area of expertise is the

processing of nanoscale materials and composites using surface tension, or how a liquid interacts with

solid surfaces. Applications include the fabrication of nano‐structured materials that can be used in

electronic devices, batteries, fuel cells or composite materials. Dr. Gold is the owner of five inventions

and the journal Synthetic Metals has profiled his work. For six years, Gold served in the chemical and


Page 28

nanosystems engineering programs at Louisiana Tech University, where he earned the College of

Engineering and Science Outstanding Teacher award in 2008. Gold also led the development of online

engineering courses and is a certified peer reviewer for online courses.

Since joining the University of Dayton, Dr. Gold has hired a postdoctoral researcher to support his

research activities, and made instrumentation purchases including a Kruss DSA 100 contact angle

measurement system to enable modeling of direct digital manufacturing processes, and an optical

microscope for materials characterization from Carl Zeiss. He has begun a research collaboration with

fellow Ohio Research Scholar Katrina Cornish, reached an intellectual property agreement with a

vendor to purchase of a Fortus 400 fused deposition modeling system for direct digital manufacturing,

and is actively meeting with an Ohio industry partner to pursue SBIR/STTR funding in the near future.

NITA SAHAI, OHIO RESEARCH SCHOLAR IN POLYMER SCIENCE,

UNIVERSITY OF AKRON

Dr. Nita Sahai joined the University of Akron during Fall 2011 semester as an Ohio Research Scholar

and Professor of Polymer Science within the College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering. Dr.

Sahai is an expert on biomolecule and cell interactions at mineral surfaces, environmental

geochemistry, biomineralization, and biomaterials. Dr. Sahai’s research falls within the field of

interfacial biogeochemistry, which includes medical mineralogy and biomineralization, bioceramics,

and environmental geochemistry. The unifying theme of this work is organic and inorganic interactions

at mineral surfaces on the molecular‐ and nano‐scale. Specific research projects she and her group

work on include the self‐assembly of phospholipids as model cell membranes at mineral surfaces, cell

adhesion to mineral surfaces, protein‐mediated biomineralization of calcite, silica and apatite, bone

growth on silicate bioceramic prosthetic implants, and biomimetic silica synthesis. Sahai was

previously at the University of Wisconsin‐Madison, where she was a professor of geochemistry in the

Materials Science and Environmental Chemistry and Technology programs. As a University of

Wisconsin member of the NASA Astrobiology Program, her research was also involved in

understanding biomineral morphologies as potential biosignatures on Mars. In order to determine

thermodynamically feasible reactions and to identify kinetic reaction pathways, the group used

theoretical modeling (quantum chemical‐molecular orbital calculations and classical thermodynamics),

aqueous analytical methods (ICP‐OES, AA, etc.), spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to

characterize solid, sorbed and aqueous phases (NMR, HRTEM, AFM, XAS) and thermochemistry

(microcalorimetry). Dr. Sahai is a Fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America and was the recipient

of a National Science Foundation CAREER Award.

Since joining the University of Akron, Dr. Sahai has focused on establishing her research

laboratory and group. Her research team now includes three postdoctoral researchers who

have helped her renovate and set up her research lab, as well as one Ph.D. candidate and one


Page 29

undergraduate student to conduct research. Dr. Sahai was awarded nearly $350,000 in

external research funding to date, and also chaired a session at Gordon Research Conference

on the Origin of Life in January 2012

DR. NITA SAHAI, RESEARCH AWARDS:

NSF CAREER: Mineral Surface Mediated Organization of Biological Macromolecules:

Geobiology and Low‐Temperature geochemistry, $75,585 award

NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI): Detection of the signatures and environments of life on

Earth and other planetary bodies from their organic and mineralogical records, Sub‐contract

to University of Akron from Awardee ‐ University of Wisconsin‐Madison, P.I. Clark Johnson;

$71,789 award to Dr. Sahai

NSF DMR Biomaterials Program. Silicate Bioceramic Structure Control on Mesenchymal Stem

Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Sub‐contract to University of Akron from University of

Wisconsin‐Madison, P.I. William Murphy; $198,117 award to Dr. Sahai


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Funding Agency: Ohio Department of Development

Principal Investigators: PI: Robert J. Davis, Co‐PIs: Paul Berger, Malcolm Chisholm, Arthur Epstein,

Joseph Heremans, Nitin Padture, Steven Ringel

Duration: 2/16/2007 – 11/30/2011

Amount: $18.3 million total ($6.8 million to Ohio State) and $30M in cost sharing from Ohio industries

and participating universities

Description: IMR’s first major sponsored block grant created the current Wright Center in solar energy

– the Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization ‐ which is co‐directed with the

University of Toledo. PVIC was established in early 2007 through an $18.6 million award from the Ohio

Department of Development, along with matching contributions of $30 million from universities,

federal agencies, and industrial collaborators. PVIC is a scientific partnership of the University of

Toledo, Bowling Green State University, and The Ohio State University, and more than 20 Ohio‐based

companies engaged in various aspects of photovoltaics technology. PVIC has a primary goal of

enabling Ohio to become the nation’s leader in photovoltaics research, development and

commercialization. The overall PVIC mission is to accelerate the photovoltaic (PV) industry in Ohio by

reducing solar costs, improving technologies, and transferring these new techniques from the

laboratory to the production line. The OSU/IMR node of PVIC has a specific focus on so‐called 3rd

generation photovoltaics, which inherently involves advanced materials and nanotechnology using

both inorganic and organic materials. Primary thrust areas are multijunction solar cells, heterogeneous

integration of high efficiency PV with low cost platforms, nanostructured solar cells, polymer

photovoltaics and basic optical‐thermal processes. IMR administers the Ohio State University PVIC site

and IMR Associate Director Dr. Robert J. Davis as its Principal Investigator.

WRIGHT CENTER FOR PHOTOVOLTAICS INNOVATION AND COMMERICIALIZATION (PVIC) OHIO DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT OHIO RESEARCH SCHOLARS PROGRAM AWARD


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HIGHLIGHTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF PVIC FOR FY2012

The Ohio State node of the Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, or PVIC,

entered its fifth year of operation in FY12, also the final year of its initial Ohio Third Frontier funding.

As of November 2011, spending of the initial PVIC funding from Third Frontier (three initial years plus

two no‐cost extensions) was completed. At the end of FY12, PVIC listed 28 organizations as members;

three universities, four not‐for‐profit organizations, and twenty‐one industrial members (Table 1). In

addition, a small number of industrial members chose not to be publicly listed, and PVIC is moving

towards having Case Western Reserve University listed as a member in FY13. Other organizations that

are not members but are often attendees to PVIC meetings include the Edison Welding Institute

(Columbus, OH), the Bricker and Eckler Law Firm (Columbus, OH), GreenField Solar (Oberlin, OH),

Process Technology (Mentor, OH), Graco Ohio (North Canton, OH), and the Ohio Department of

Development. The members consider the PVIC nodes to be core organizations in PV activities in Ohio,

and in FY13 both PVIC‐OSU and PVIC‐UT will continue operations based on member fee income. This is

a highly successful outcome of the initial state funding and is an organization that IMR is committed to

sustaining as appropriate.

Over 50 PVIC members attended the Solar Durability Workshop in September 2011, which included ten talks on innovations in the photovoltaics industry


Page 32

Table 1. List of industry members of the Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC)

Member Ohio Location

Primary Affilia‐tion Main Activity

The Ohio State University Columbus ‐‐ University research and industrial outreach

University of Toledo Toledo ‐‐ University research and industrial outreach

Bowling Green State University Bowling Green UT University research

Battelle Memorial Institute Columbus OSU Alternative energy systems

Edison Materials Technology Center (EMTEC) Dayton UT/OSU Alternative energy systems design

Green Energy Ohio Columbus UT/OSU Alternative energy policy

Honda Research Partnership Columbus OSU Alternative energy for transportation

Advanced Distributed Generation Toledo UT PV installer

Calyxo Inc. Perrysburg UT PV module manufacture

Cornerstone Research Group Dayton UT/OSU Advanced PV device designs

Decker Homes Lambertville (MI) UT/OSU Energy‐efficient home construction including NW OH

DuPont Inc. Circleville UT/OSU Backsheet and other materials for PV modules

Ferro Electronic Material Systems Independence UT/OSU Advanced materials for PV

Lake Shore Cryotronics Westerville OSU Sensor power and sensor materials development

Marshall and Melhorn LLC Toledo UT Public policy and legal issues in alternative en‐ergy

MetaMateria Technologies Columbus OSU Materials in PV and advanced energy

Owens‐Corning Inc. Granville UT/OSU PV for roof systems

Natcore Solar (formerly NewCyte), Oberlin OSU Advanced AR coatings and nanostructured mate‐rials for PV

Nippon Sheet Glass (formerly Pilkington) Toledo UT/OSU Glass for PV

PPG Industries Numerous locations UT/OSU Glass for PV

Plasma Si Inc. Toledo UT Materials for PV

Replex Plastics Mt. Vernon OSU Low‐cost PV systems development

Solar Spectrum LLC Toledo UT Materials for PV

SSOE Group Several OH loca‐tions UT/OSU Energy‐efficient architecture and building design

Tosoh SMD Inc. Columbus OSU PV materials

Willard and Kelsey Solar Group Perrysburg UT CdTe panel manufacture

Xunlight Corporation Toledo UT a‐SiGe:H panel manufacture

Xunlight 26 Toledo UT CdTe on polymer technology development


Page 33

A key event of the PVIC OSU node during FY12 was the sponsorship and organization of a Solar

Durability Workshop held in late September at the Longaberger Alumni House on Ohio State‘s

Columbus campus. The event attracted more than 50 attendees, over half of which were from

industry. Mr. Alex Kawczak of StrateNexus Technologies LLC (Dublin OH) was a great help in organizing

the agenda which included 10 talks after an initial introduction by Robert Davis of Ohio State:

“Developing an Ohio Technology Roadmap For Advanced Durability Photovoltaics,” Alex

Kawczak, President, StrateNexus Technologies, LLC, Dublin, OH

“Durability of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) in Concentrating Photovoltaic Modules,” David Miller,

Program Lead and Staff Scientist, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO

“Ohio Third Frontier Wright Project Program: The Solar Degradation and Lifetime Extension

Center (s‐DLE),” Roger French, Professor and s‐DLE Founder, Case Western Reserve University,

Cleveland, OH

“Mirror‐Augmented Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Durability and Performance Case Studies,”

Scott Brown, Manufacturing/Project Engineer, Replex Plastics, Mt. Vernon, OH

“Accelerated Durability Testing of Thin‐Film Solar Systems,” Sean Fowler, Program Manager, Q‐

Lab Corporation, Westlake, OH

“Exploring the Durability and Performance of Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) Cells,” Paul Berger,

Professor, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

“Nanostructured Materials Research for Next Generation Improvements in Photovoltaics,”

Professor Stanislaus Wong, State University of New York and Joint appointment with the

Materials and Chemical Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Stony Brook,

NY

“Durability and Performance of Flexible Thin‐Film Silicon Photovoltaics: Emerging Needs and

Specification Development,” Aarohi Vijh, Director of Process Development, Xunlight

Corporation, Toledo, OH

“Innovative Transparent Conductive Oxides for Thin Film Solar Applications,” Eduardo del Rio,

Tosoh SMD, Inc., Grove City, OH

“New Substrate Materials for Thin Film CIGS and CdTe Photovoltaic Modules,” Thomas E.

Carney, Research Fellow, DuPont Electronics & Communications, Circleville, OH

“Ohio Third Frontier PV Program: Development of Advanced Durability Sealants for Solar

Cells,” John Maloney, Senior Scientist, Ferro Corporation, Independence, OH

The Workshop concluded with a discussion of a possible materials‐centric roadmap for solar durability

research and development in Ohio, and input from the attendees on the future path of PVIC.

International visitors to the OSU PVIC site during FY12 included Dr. Beatriz Galiana from Universidad

Politécnica de Madrid, Spain, who spent much of her time at the OSU Nanotech West Lab as a Visiting

Scientist. She worked extensively with IMR MTS Dr. John Carlin on MOCVD of III‐V photovoltaic cell

growth in support of three programs. Her visit was partly funded by the Government of Spain and


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partly by one of the PVIC PIs, Steven A. Ringel.

As of its report at the end of its Third Frontier funding, PVIC in total (both nodes, at OSU and at

University of Toledo) had created 172 for‐profit and 64 not‐for‐profit jobs in Ohio, and had resulted in

$88.7M of follow‐on funding across its membership. The latter dollar figure included $33M in Federal

funds that came from a broad spectrum of programs including Departmetn of Development,

Department of Energy, NIST, and multiple‐agency SBIR programs, a high impact to the state of Ohio.

This total follow‐on funding represents a ratio of 4.8 new dollars for every initial dollar of Third Frontier

PVIC funding.

PVIC INDUSTRY‐OSU RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS FY12

Even though the state funding for PVIC has now completed its cycle, seven industry‐OSU collaborations

involving PVIC member companies continue to thrive and grow, demonstrating the lasting success and

sustainability of the OSU node of the PVIC Wright Center in initiating innovation. In FY12 Replex

Plastics (Mt. Vernon, OH) continued its work on low‐concentration (>20x) PV systems, collaborating

with Robert J. Davis (Director, OSU Nanotech West Lab and Associate Director of IMR) and also with

Prof. Roger French of Case Western Reserve University; the team also includes Dovetail Solar and Wind

(Athens, OH), a highly experienced installer of alternative energy systems, as a customer

representative. While the current world PV economic situation has become more challenging with

regard to deployment of commercial PV systems, design and manufacturing knowledge gained from

the program has already spun‐off other products in, for example, the commercial daylighting and high‐

performance mirror arenas. When their collaboration with OSU began in 2007, Replex personnel knew

little or nothing about photovoltaics; as of the end of FY12 their personnel were lead authors on three

PV‐related publications including a paper in the new IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics.

GreenField Solar (Oberlin, OH) continued its collaborative development work on high concentration PV

devices and systems with the help of several Nanotech West staff members and engineering

improvements to its Vertical Multijunction (VMJ) solar cells and associated modules; that work that will

continue through FY13 and indeed into FY14.

Four other PV‐related projects included PVIC‐OSU in FY12 and will continue to do so into FY13. Energy

Focus (Solon, OH) continued its collaboration with the research group of Prof. Steven A. Ringel (ECE,

also IMR Director) and with Nanotech West Lab / IMR Research Scientist Dr. John Carlin in the

development of an off‐grid lighting system based on the III‐V on silicon technology developed by the

Ringel group. Natcore Solar (Oberlin, OH) continues to have two personnel based at OSU’s Nanotech

West, working on a variety of PV‐related coatings. Process Technology (Mentor, OH) continued its

development of a liquid solution heater for ultrapure process applications, based on easier‐to‐control

positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating elements. Testing of the beta version of the new


Page 35

product is planned to occur at OSU in FY13. While the initial designs were targeted for the PV industry,

it is now more likely instead that the largest first customers for the new product will be in other thin‐

film industries. Prof. Paul Berger (ECE) continued his collaboration with Ferro Inc. (Independence, OH),

StrateNexus Technologies LLC (Dublin, OH) and the Edison Welding Institute (Columbus, OH) in the

development of advanced polymer sealants for PV module applications.

Funding Agency: National Science Foundation

Principal Investigators: PI: Ezekiel Johnston‐Halperin, Co‐PIs: Siddharth Rajan, Roberto Myers, Harris

Kagan, Steven A. Ringel, Fengyuan Yang

Duration: 10/01/2009 – 09/30/2012

Amount: $601,890 ($421,323 from NSF plus $180,576 cost share from The Ohio State University and

Ohio Board of Regents Action Funds)

Description: Though not a block grant, we include this NSF Major Research Instrumentation (MRI)

award due to the strategic nature of this multi‐user instrumentation and its joint location within two

IMR‐supported facilities housed in two colleges, and because it is a collaboration of three of the young,

outstanding faculty members who were recruited as part of the IMR’s strategic faculty cluster hires in

Materials Science and Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering and Physics.

Figure 3 shows a conceptual diagram of how the diamond synthesis tool and the customized ammonia

molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system acquired through this MRI interface with multiple research

centers and groups. The locations of the systems within two IMR major user facilities, will allow for

their long‐term prosperity as core infrastructure resources. Because the acquisition enables a strong

path forward for future collaborative and externally funded projects through a unique coupling of

materials systems that many in the field are only now realizing may be possible, IMR provided

significant funding for lab renovation so that the necessary equipment integration could be achieved.

IMR also provided cash towards cost share for some of the equipment, and IMR is providing the

necessary administration of all aspects of the grant itself. IMR looks to this effort to be one of several

key paths forward for OSU leadership in the next generation of materials research.

MRI: ACQUISITION OF A HYBRID DIAMOND/III‐N SYNTHESIS CLUSTER TOOL NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION MATERIALS RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION AWARD


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HIGHLIGHTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE MRI FOR FY2012

The two growth tools purchased through this award add significant new functionality to Ohio State’s

materials synthesis program. For example Figure 4 shows electron microscopy and Raman

spectroscopy of a poly‐diamond film deposited on a silicon substrate. Since June 2011 Dr. Camelia

Margineau, a Research Associate in the NSL facility, has led the effort to commission this tool by

“dialing in” the growth parameters for this benchmark growth. This diamond‐on‐insulator (DOI)

growth has applications ranging from high‐frequency micromechanical systems (MEMS), to thermal

dissipation layers for high power electronics, to radiation‐hard detectors for the large hadron collider

(LHC) at CERN. Of course, this work only scratches the surface of the materials that this new tool will

ultimately be able to produce, with OSU researchers already working on projects ranging from the

growth of perfect single crystals of diamond for experiments that push the frontiers of quantum

measurement to the synthesis of diamond nanowires only tens of nanometers in diameter but many

microns long. For example, Dr. Margineau has recently demonstrated the incorporation of nitrogen

impurities into these polycrystalline films without significant degradation in the material quality. This

is a necessary step in forming nitrogen‐vacancy defects, which have been shown to have interesting

Figure 3. Diagram of how the new equipment acquisitions through the MRI integrate across various traditional disciplines and other interdisciplinary centers within the IMR purview, in addition to international collaborations.


Page 37

room‐temperature quantum properties that make them useful for quantum information, and have

direct bearing on ongoing research at Ohio State ranging from single‐molecule measurements of DNA‐

protein complexes to fundamental studies of the interaction of heat and magnetism.

Figure 4 SEM image of polycrystalline diamond film (scale bare is 3 micron). Inset is Raman spectroscopy revealing a peak width of 7 cm-1.

While the diamond synthesis tool was ordered as a “turn key” system the second major piece of

equipment purchased through this proposal, an ammonia‐based molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system

for the synthesis of nitride semiconductors, was designed according to custom specification provided

by Profs. Roberto Myers and Siddharth Rajan. This system will complement their existing synthesis

tool, a nitrogen‐plasma based system, by allowing the synthesis of high‐luminosity electro‐optical

devices in addition to the high‐mobility, high‐power devices already being produced. The

customization of the new tool will provide the ability to not only grow new material, but enables joint‐

growths between the two systems (i.e. a sample is started in one chamber and then transferred to the

other).


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Collaborations with industry are essential for providing true impact to the advancement of innovation in

technology. Within IMR’s purview we have extensive and pervasive industry involvement in a number

of research areas. Total annual research expenditures from industry sources to OSU was over $120

million in FY2010 according to National Science Foundation reports released in September 2012, and

NSF ranked OSU 2nd of all U.S. universities for industry‐sponsored research that year. Joint R&D

activities with industry come in many forms – major externally funded consortia driven to advance

innovation as well as the local economy, externally‐funded partnerships that are targeted to specific

technologies, internally‐created consortia, partnerships through existing centers and their activities,

partnerships to enable industry access to shared experimental and core facilities, and individual faculty‐

company collaborations for funded research that are too numerous to list. Some of the primary areas

for large industry interactions are in biobased materials and products, photovoltaic technologies,

advanced manufacturing processes, including integrated computational materials engineering (ICME),

lightweight alloys, advanced polymers and composites, micro‐and nano‐fabrication of devices, materials

characterization and teraherz measurement techniques. Many of the larger consortia are long standing

programs now supported by IMR, and IMR was instrumental in developing the Industrial Liaison Office

(ILO), located at IMR’s Nanotech West facility and led by Dr. Sharell Mikesell, former Co‐director of the

Center for Multifunctional Polymer Materials and Devices (CMPND) and founding director of the Ohio

Polymer Strategy Council (CMPND was OSU’s first Wright Center of Innovation, which included more

than 50 companies as active partners during its core funding cycle and was headquartered at the

Nanotech West Lab.).

This section of the report provides a representative listing of some of the more major industry

collaboration activities, and we provide some expanded discussion on several of our newer initiatives of

the past year that were strategic targets identified by IMR in the past year or two. Note that extensive

discussion of industry collaborations are also found in other sections of this report, particularly for PVIC,

Nanotech West, the ENCOMM Nanosystems Lab, and through the IMR Industry Challenge Grant

Program (see pages 31, 67, 72, and 66).

INDUSTRY COLLABORATIONS AND PARTNERSHIPS


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Members of the OSU materials community are actively involved in three NSF Industry/University

Cooperative Research Centers (I/UCRCs), leading two and collaborating on the third. The NSF I/UCRC

program develops long‐term partnerships among industry, academia, and government. The centers are

catalyzed by a small investment from NSF but are primarily supported by industry center members, with

NSF taking a supporting role in the development and evolution of the center. Each I/UCRC contributes

to the nation's research infrastructure base and enhances the intellectual capacity of the engineering

and science workforce through the integration of research and education.

SMART VEHICLES CONCEPTS (SVC) I/UCRC PROGRAM

The Ohio State University and Texas A&M University, Center Director: Rajendra Singh, Mechanical and

Aerospace Engineering; Center Deputy Director: Marcelo Dapino, Mechanical and Aerospace

Engineering

Description: The Smart Vehicles Concepts Center was successfully launched by the lead institution (The

Ohio State University) in July 2007 and was formally granted Phase II status beginning July 1, 2012

through June 30, 2017. Support for the SVC comes through a grant by the National Science Foundation

and through industry sponsorship. Current projects include the development of smart materials and

devices for vehicle use. This pre‐competitive technology is shared among contributing members. The

mission of the Smart Vehicle Concepts Center (SVC) is as follows: (1) Conduct basic and applied research

on the characterization of smart materials, and the development of adaptive sensors, actuators and

devices (based on active materials and control methods) for application to vehicle sub‐systems and

components; (2) Build an unmatched base of research, engineering education, and technology transfer

with emphasis on improved vehicle performance; and (3) Develop well‐trained engineers and

researchers (at the MS and PhD levels) with both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. The Center

focuses on novel and emerging trends in vehicle design where smart structures, next‐generation

suspension or mounting devices, vastly improved actuators or valves, intelligent sensors and improved

health monitoring and diagnostic systems are integrated to develop ground and aerospace vehicles of

the future. Fundamental and applied research is conducted to analyze, model, characterize and design

innovative engineered components capable of providing built‐in actuation, precision motion control

features, self‐diagnostics, and self‐healing capabilities while satisfying increasingly stringent vehicle

design requirements.

SVC sponsors currently include 8 industrial members (2 with 2 memberships each and 1 with 3

memberships), 2 affiliate members, and 3 invited observers. Industrial Members at OSU: Bridgestone

Americas Tire Operation, LLC; Eaton; Honda R&D; Hyundai‐Kia Motors; MIT Lincoln Laboratory; Moog

CURRENT NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION INDUSTRY/UNIVERSITY COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTERS (I/UCRCS) INVOLVING IMR MEMBERS


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Inc.; Toyota Research Center; Transportation Research Center Inc.; Affiliate Members at OSU: YUSA,

F.tech R&D; and Invited Observers at OSU: MSC Software; LMS Software; Romax.

CENTER FOR INTEGRATIVE MATERIALS JOINING SCIENCE FOR

ENERGY APPLICATIONS (CIMJSEA)

The Ohio State University , Lehigh University , University of Wisconsin ‐ Madison , Colorado School of

Mines ; funding began July 2009; Center Director: Sudarsanam Suresh Babu, Materials Science and

Engineering; Center Deputy Director: John C Lippold

Description: This I/UCRC focuses on scientifically based methodologies for assessing material weld‐

ability/join‐ability that span length (nm to micron) scales. Global demand for energy will continue to

push the envelope on existing materials and stimulate the development of advanced materials with

desirable engineering properties. Throughout the history of materials innovation, there are instances

where the application of new, high performance materials has been limited, or precluded, by the

inability to join them. A basic problem along the path from development to implementation is the lack

of a structured, scientifically based methodology for determining material “weldability.” The concept of

weldability occurs at the intersection of the joining process and the materials’ reaction to the thermal

and mechanical conditions that are imposed by the process. Considering the diverse need for materials

in energy industries, it is critical to develop scientific methodologies to join these materials. The center

will work on research projects that will include one or more of the following topics: (1) advanced joining

processes, (2) innovative process control and automation, (3) material development, (4) weldability and

characterization, as well as, (5) integrated process modeling. Two broad application areas will be

related to (1) extending the life of material joints within the aging energy infrastructure, as well as, (2)

reduction of the time and cost of deploying advanced/hybrid materials for the new energy

infrastructure. The center will also address the critical need for engineering graduates with welding and

joining background.

Center Members: American Engineering Manufacturing Inc; Applied Optimization Inc; Cameron

Computherm LLC; Cummins; Edison Welding Institute; ESI North America; GE Energy Infrastructure;

Hobart Brothers Co (ITW); Honda; Idaho National Laboratory; Los Alamos National Laboratory;

Medtronic Inc; NASA; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; PPL Generational LLC; Pratt and Whitney; Rolls‐

Royce Corporation; SFP Works LLC; Special Metals; The Babcock and Wilcox Company; The Lincoln

Electric Company; Thermo‐Calc Software Inc; UW Foundation; Wolf Robotics LLC


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TELECOMMUNICATIONS (CONNECTION ONE)

Arizona State University, The Ohio State University, University of Hawaii, Rensselaer Polytechnic

Institute, University of Arizona; funding began 2002; OSU Co‐Directors: John Volakis, Electrical and

Computer Engineering and Mohammed Ismail, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Description: Connection One is a National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research

Center working closely with private industry and the federal government on various projects in radio

frequency (RF) and wireless communication systems, networks, remote sensing, and homeland security.

The Center’s mission is to develop the technology to enable end‐to‐end communication systems for a

variety of applications, ranging from cellular to environmental and defense applications. The focus of

the center is to carry out collaborative and interdisciplinary activities with a focus on the next

generation wireless telecommunication systems (passive and active components). Ohio State supports

these areas with long standing expertise in communication systems, signal processing, integrated

circuits and systems, antennas, electromagnetics and device physics. As part of the Center, the OSU

team concentrates on: (1) focus on the experimental realization and evaluation of wireless components

and systems, and (2) integration with industry needs and accommodate transitions using long

established industry collaborations and working relationships.

Center Members: Agilent Technologies; Altera; Berrie‐Hill Research; Commscope; Esensors; Hydronalix;

Intel; NeWave Sensor Solutions; Orton Ceramic; Qualcomm; Raytheon; Ridgetop Group; Samsung

Telecommunications; Sensor Electronic Technology; Space Micro; Texas Instruments; U.S. Air Force

Research Laboratory; U.S. Army; U.S. Army – CERDEC; U.S. Central Intelligence Agency; U.S. Department

of Energy; U.S. Navy; Zomega Terahertz


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A major component of the Ohio Department of Development is the Ohio Third Frontier program, an

internationally recognized technology‐based economic development initiative that is successfully

changing the trajectory of Ohio's economy. The $2.3 billion initiative supports existing industries that

are transforming themselves with new, globally competitive products and fostering the formation and

attraction of new companies in emerging industry sectors. Ohio Third Frontier provides funding to Ohio

technology‐based companies, universities, nonprofit research institutions, and other organizations to

create new technology‐based products, companies, industries, and jobs. The Ohio State University has

benefited greatly from the Ohio Third Frontier’s investments in innovation, and the following OTF‐

funded projects were actively engaged in materials research during the reporting period:

These 15 OTF awards include 8 projects directly awarded to The Ohio State University, and 7 projects to

the private sector with whom OSU researchers are collaborating.

CAR Center of Excellence for Electric and Plug‐in Hybrid Vehicle Technology, Principal

Investigator: Giorgio Rizzoni, July 2009 – June 2012; $3,000,000

Development of thermal management solutions for lithium ion batteries, Principal Investigator:

Yann Guezennec, January 2010‐January 2012, $50,000

Center of Excellence for Energy Storage Technology, Principal Investigator: Giorgio Rizzoni, July

2010‐July 2013, $3,000,000

Center for high performance power electronics (CHPPE), Principal Investigator: Longya Xu, July

2010‐2013, $3,000,000

Integrated ultrasonic additive manufacturing and laser machining for realization of novel smart

structures, Principal Investigator: Marcelo Dapino, May 2011‐January 2012, $1,551,987

Low‐cost low‐concentration photovoltaic (LC2PV) systems for mid‐northern latitudes, Principal

Investigator: Robert Davis, May 2011‐January 2012, $257,500

Commercialization of Bio‐Based and Nano‐Tailored Composites for Industrial Applications,

Principal Investigator: Stephen Myers, July 2009‐July 2012, $499,977

Ohio Research Scholars Program: Technology Enabling and Emergent Materials, Principal

Investigator: Steven A. Ringel, August 2008 – November 2013, $18,153,846

Wires and Coils for Superconducting Fault Current Limiters, through Hyper Tech Research, Inc.,

OHIO THIRD FRONTIER FUNDING


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OSU PI: Michael Sumption, May 2009 – May 2012, $250,000

Advanced Composites: The New Generation of Materials Powered by Nanotechnology, through

Zyvex Performance Systems, OSU PI: Sharell Mikesell, May 2009‐May 2012, $150,600

Magnesium Diboride for Next Generation MRI, through Hyper Tech Research, Inc., OSU PI:

Michael Sumption, May 2009 – May 2012, $650,000

Cell Manufacturing for 100+kW SOFC Power Generation System, through NexTech Materials,

Ltd., OSU PI: Mark Walter, April 2008‐April 2013, $150,000

Agile Hybrid Joining of Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates, through American Trim LLC, OSU PI: Glenn Daehn,

April 2008‐April 2013, $160,000

Advanced Materials: Granule‐Based Delivery Systems, through The Andersons, OSU PI: Stephen

Myers, February 2008‐December 2011, $2,402,470

High Efficiency Photovoltaic Enabled Off‐Grid Solar/Led Lights, through Energy Focus, Inc., OSU PI: Steven

A. Ringel, November 2011 – October 2013, $345,000

The mission of CAMM is to develop research tools for the accelerated insertion of new materials and

optimization of existing ones. This is done by developing and integrating computational modeling and

simulation with advanced materials characterization focused on electron micrsocopy methods. An

integration of academia and industry, CAMM performs world class R&D and develops technologies

which are captured in products that create wealth and jobs, and provides an enhanced educational

process. Inputting significant effort in developing and integrating electron microscopy characterization

methods and modeling, CAMM develops new research tools and methodologies to accelerate the

insertion of new materials into commercial products. CAMM is part of a world‐class characterization

facility with remote access capabilities to assist our industrial and academic colleagues who do not

possess such equipment. CAMM provides novel contribution to educational outreach for high school

students with an emphasis on enhancing the learning of STEM. Taking part in an industrial partnership

program, CAMM includes support of students, providing access to equipment and technologies

developed. There are 20 active industrial CAMM members.

CENTER FOR THE ACCELERATED MATURATION OF MATERIALS (CAMM)


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Funding Agency: Alcoa Foundation

Principal Investigators: PI: Glenn Daehn, Co‐PI: Anthony Luscher

Awarded: July 1, 2011

Amount: $400,000

Description: The Ohio State University Institute for Materials Research was awarded a $400,000

development grant by the Alcoa Foundation in support of innovative design and manufacturing

technologies that will enable the creation of lighter, more environmentally friendly vehicle structures.

The grant will further research in the area of material lightweighting for transportation applications.

Professor Glenn Daehn of Ohio State’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering is serving as

project lead, with Professor Anthony Luscher in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace

Engineering serving as co‐investigator. There is a growing recognition that the lightest weight and most

affordable vehicles in the future will not be made from one material, but many different ones. In

addition, there is a pressing need to reduce the mass of all classes of wheeled vehicles, including light

automobiles, trucks, and passenger busses. Mass reduction directly improves fuel economy and is

especially important to electric and alternative powertrains. Vehicles in the future will need to have

unique structural designs in order to achieve these weight savings. This grant to The Ohio State

University is part of Alcoa Foundation’s $4 million “Advancing Sustainability Research: Innovative

Partnerships for Actionable Solutions” initiative that funds 10 global sustainability research projects in

Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Russia and the United States. The Alcoa Foundation grant will allow

OSU to study new and innovative joining strategies that are tailored to each material combination and

each loading type.

HIGHLIGHTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE ALCOA FOUNDATION

AWARD DURING FY 2012

Led by Dr. Daehn and Dr. Luscher, the research conducted this year through Alcoa Foundation award

funds has provided demonstrator projects for novel joining methods and innovate uses of aluminum

through both traditional research and student engagement. To date, this project has shown the

following successes:

CURRENT ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCH: INNOVATION PARTNERSHIPS FOR ACTIONABLE SOLUTIONS ALCOA FOUNDATION AWARD


Page 45

Research: New results have been developed on the strength and fatigue resistance of conformal

interference joints, which can be used to join arbitrary dissimilar materials.

Student Engagement: 15 OSU undergraduate and graduate students have engaged (research/

senior capstone projects) with the research related to this project. Research spin‐off activities

will reach high school students.

Outreach: A Sustainable Design and Manufacturing lecture series launched which hosted

traditional and Pecha‐Kucha short format presentations to students and practicing

professionals.

Facilities: Two OSU laboratories are being upgraded to support work on light structures and

equipment to support innovative forming and joining has been added.

Lasting Impact: This work was instrumental in nucleating OSU commitment to a new Center for

Design and Manufacturing Excellence (CDME) that is now being planned as a long‐term multi‐

million dollar per year research and outreach activity.

The Alcoa Foundation award allows OSU faculty and students to design lightweigh, affordable vehicles. The research includes modeling (example above) and studying new and innovative joining strategies that are tailored to each material combina‐

tion and each loading type


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RESEARCH

Research has led to the creation of several optimal structures for crash test, repeated loading and

fatigue with fatigue and overload modes being demonstrated. With this, methods of joining aluminum,

magnesium, steel, and composites are being optimized. Most recently, research on vaporization of

metal foil for collision welding dissimilar metals has been proven as a viable joining solution.

Concurrently, crash analysis of multi‐material vehicle structures using LS‐DYNA are being developed and

improved upon in order to develop safe designs efficiently.

Completed research demonstrator projects include the creation of a multi‐material innovative bicycle

design as well as a multi‐material motorcycle frame. The later design, once fully complete, will

demonstrate transfer of load between two planes as well as structural members in bending. As research

is being completed, related technical publications have been completed and include one invited book

chapter and three papers written and presented at International Conference on High Speed Forming in

Dortmund, Germany (full citations provided in Appendix B).

STUDENT ENGAGEMENT

SAE BAJA DEMONSTRATOR PROJECT

A team of OSU engineering students was able to demonstrate the effectiveness of a new lightweight

multi‐material (Aluminum‐Steel) control rod developed as part of this research with application on the

recent Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Baja vehicle. The design was joined using electromagnetic

forming and resulted in a 55% weight savings over the original design. The team was advised by Dr. Leo

Rusli of Dr. Anthony Luscher’s research group. Highlights and results of this project were published in

the SAE MOMENTUM Magazine in November 2011.

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT CAPSTONE PROJECT

Research has been devoted to increasing the sustainability of shipping goods around the world by

reducing the mass of the shipping pallets and using materials that last longer and are fully recyclable.

Wooden shipping pallets deforest up 100 million acres of forest each year and are generally “single‐

use,” leading them to be discarded and occupy 4 percent of solid waste in landfills. They can also carry

invasive species from one region to another. Aluminum shipping pallets are lighter, stronger, fully‐

recyclable and have a longer life span that should be in the decades, rather than months. However,

current aluminum shipping pallets cost about $200 each – 10 times the cost of wooden pallets.


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Based on this need, a group of OSU engineering undergraduate students advised by Dr. Glenn Daehn, as

part of their Senior Capstone Project developed and built two prototype designs of aluminum shipping

pallets that meet the international standard of load bearing capacities of 2000 lbs (Dynamic) & 6000 lbs

(Static). And the design leverages highly‐automated manufacture that should reduce cost by half. These

new pallets will be 100% recyclable made of a widely available aluminum alloy and will use

manufacturing methods that maximize efficiency.

STUDENT RESEARCH PROJECTS

Development of a hybrid press and electromagnetic forming method to improve the formability of high‐

strength sheet metal is being done by Ryan Brune who is advised by Dr. Glenn Daehn. This will enable

more energy efficient, local and agile production of components such as door inner panels from high

specific strength materials such as aluminum and high strength steels thus enabling mass reduction in

vehicles.

Development of new test methods for measuring the flow strength of materials at high strain rates is

being done by Shweta Gupta who is advised by Dr. Glenn Daehn. Preliminary results were presented at

an invited presentation: "Metals Far from Equilibrium ‐ Bridging the Divide Between Experimental and

Atomistic‐Modeling Scales" at the International Conference on Computational and Experimental

Engineering and Sciences 2012, which was held from April 30 ‐ May 4, 2012, in Crete, Greece. Glenn

Daehn’s presentation “Thoughts on Easily‐Simulated Tests for Plastic Behavior (i.e., high strain rate

tests),” covered the novel material testing performed for a range of high strain rates as being developed

by Shweta.

This shipping pallet design is just one of the actionable solutions

resulting from this research, and will have further implication in the

automotive supply chain and beyond.


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OUTREACH

In 2012, a new Sustainable Design & Manufacturing (SDM) Seminar Series was launched to provide

ongoing education of both engineers in training and practicing engineers on a holistic approach to multi‐

material structural joining. Three seminars took place this year by representatives from General Motors

and Alcoa, and various speakers took part in a Pecha Kucha‐style seminar on topics related to

sustainable design, materials and manufacturing.

FACILITIES

Development is underway of targeted multi‐material structure building facilities, which will be

designated as Alcoa Foundation gifts. Two research facilities on OSU’s Columbus campus are currently

being upgraded, renovated, and used for housing new related equipment. The OSU Edison Joining

Technology Center is obtaining laser impact welding equipment offering a joining process with the

potential to metallurgically join almost arbitrary dissimilar metals. Prof. Daehn’s research lab is

acquiring a RivTac Machine in order to demonstrate high velocity self‐piercing rivets for multi‐material

structures.

LASTING IMPACT

The Alcoa Foundation gift has helped to nucleate the development of the OSU Center for Design &

Manufacturing Excellence (CDME) which is currently underway and will serve as a targeted multi‐

material structure building facility. This center will serve the manufacturing community through a

unique partnership with The Ohio State University, and more details are anticipated in next year’s

annual report.


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Toward the end of FY2011, IMR along with several other key technology areas within Ohio State, was

named by the Ohio Board of Regents (OBR) as a Center of Excellence, which was broadly aligned with

manufacturing from the perspective of the State and thusly named the Ohio State Center of Excellence

in Materials, Manufacturing Technologies and Nanotechnology. To that end, the Ohio Manufacturing

Institute (OMI) was organized by IMR member Prof. Glenn Daehn to service the needs of Ohio

manufacturers by connecting these needs with the technical resources available at OSU, including labs,

equipment, faculty and students, in order to provide technical solutions. One of the earlier IMR‐OMI

actions was the successful creation of a strategic partnership with Alcoa Foundation, which is described

separately in this report in the previous section. OMI serves as a single point of entry for Ohio

manufacturers to easily access the deep technical university resources and promote collaborative

relationships through teamed research and development projects. OMI has been working to develop

mechanisms to allow operation at the speed of business due to its lean staff, simple contract

mechanisms with low overhead, and its one‐stop‐shopping experience for customers to access a wealth

of resources through one entity. The intent has been that mechanisms and procedures would be piloted

at Ohio State and could be adapted or ported to other universities in the University system of Ohio

(USO). OMI is working to reach its goal of improving local manufacturing capabilities by making

university resources more user‐friendly for industry, providing deep technical development offerings to

industry through industry partnerships, and offering unique technical outreach and engagement

opportunities.

ENGINEERING SERVICE CONTRACTS

Last year, the Ohio Manufacturing Institute (OMI) successfully created and launched the Engineering

Service Contract (ESC), a mechanism that has since been used many times in the OSU College of

Engineering in order to expedite technical contract work between industry and universities. The ESC

provides a quick and effective way to engage with university resources through a no‐nonsense easy

contract process where contracts can be executed in less than 24 hours, enabling collaborations to

move at the speed of business. The contract is simple and the project scope is described in a simple one

‐page attachment to the contract. A customer satisfaction survey was created and distributed to

industry collaborators to capture satisfaction in working with OMI, and 100% of survey respondents

were satisfied with the speed of completion of their project and results of their project, and would

recommend an industry colleague to OMI for future technical services. Year‐over‐year growth has been

seen in Engineering Service Contract engagements with over $200K invoiced this past year.

THE OHIO MANUFACTURING INSTITUTE


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CO‐LOCATED INTERNSHIPS

OMI launched a unique student‐industry engagement program in spring 2011, the Co‐Located Internship

(C‐LI) program. This internship program is structured such that OSU students are employees of an Ohio

manufacturing company and subject to its supervision and human resource rules. The student works on

a pre‐determined project under the guidance of an OSU faculty mentor while maintaining full access to

all OSU resources including labs, equipment, and computer programs in order to further enhance the

project impact. This structure gives an unprecedented and efficient mechanism for technology transfer

from the university to manufacturers. Companies that have participated in this pilot year program

include: Sutphen (Hilliard, OH) and Hendrickson (Canton, OH) with additional anticipated engagements

from Abrasive Technology (Lewis Center, OH) and others. The program has gained the financial seed

support of a $45K two‐year pilot fund through the Honda‐OSU Partnership. Plans are in place to

develop this into a self‐sustaining long‐term program. Both the Sutphen and Hendrickson C‐LI

engagements resulted in positive industry feedback and job offers extended to both students.

QUANTITATIVE LEAN

The Ohio Manufacturing Institute is playing a valuable role in deploying quantitative lean initiatives to

Ohio manufacturers through a partnership with OSU’s Dr. Shahrukh Irani and his Job Shop Lean research

group. OMI has recruited Dr. Irani to serve as a faculty mentor to several Co‐Located Internships in the

pilot year. In addition, OMI has played an integral role in facilitating the launch of the Polymer Ohio e‐

portal by investing in software development to make Dr. Irani’s PFAST software easily accessible to

manufacturers. PFAST is a unique software package developed at OSU and utilized to determine

optimum plant layout and work flow.

TECHNICAL SEMINARS, CONFERENCES & MEETINGS

In addition to the technical thrust areas identified, OMI has played host to a number of technical

seminars, conferences and meetings including the following:

Co‐hosted the 2011 Job Shop Lean Conference at The Ohio State University, September 5‐7,

2011.

Hosted Kevin Kramer, President of Alcoa Growth Initiatives, for a lecture on Corporate

Sustainability on January 13, 2012.

Hosted unique technical exchange with the Pecha Kucha on Sustainable Manufacturing,

Materials & Design on January 19, 2012.


Page 51

Hosted Harry Moser, Founder of the Reshoring Initiative, to speak about benefits of bringing

manufacturing back to the U.S. on January 26, 2012.

Hosted Dr. Alan Luo, Technical Fellow at General Motors for seminar, “Alloy Development,

Manufacturing and Design for Light Metals Applications” on April 10, 2012.

TECHNICAL SHORT COURSE DEVELOPMENT

OMI is developing non‐credit short courses targeted towards Ohio manufacturers’ technical workforce

needs. Surface Modeling & Design Using CATIA v6 is the first in this series of short courses that will be

launched in July 2012. With this short course, OMI is pursuing a collaborative partnership with the Ohio

Supercomputer Center (OSC) to host virtual CATIA seat licenses. OMI short course participants will be

given Ohio State University certificates of completion. In addition, OMI is pursuing state of Ohio

recognition of completed courses with support from the ODoD Workforce Development group.

Additional courses are being developed and include topics such as casting, assembly design, and job

shop lean implementation.

POLICY AND MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT

The Ohio Manufacturing Institute is serious about affecting policy decisions at the state and federal level

in order to ease the burden on US manufacturers and grow the local manufacturing economy. Due to

this commitment, OMI has hosted, presented, and played a key role in the following meetings:

Manufacturing Policy Forum ‐ OMI has been making strides towards establishing a core team of

manufacturing policy experts which can work towards influencing the manufacturing policy

environment. In collaboration with the OSU John Glenn School of Public Policy and OSU’s Fisher

College of Business, OMI plans to host a Manufacturing Policy Forum in fall 2012 to bring

together policy influencers as well as manufacturing thought leaders to discuss why

manufacturing is important and what we can do to improve the manufacturing climate in the

state and the region. The anticipated result of this forum will be white papers including

recommendations for path forward.

Company Recruitment – OMI s a strong collaborator with Columbus2020 and as part of that

collaboration has been actively involved in meetings and tours with several industrial partners

considering relocation to the central Ohio region. Access and understanding of the deep OMI

facilities and expertise offer a powerful non‐cash incentive to companies relocating to Ohio.


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FUTURE OF OMI

OMI desires to continue bringing value to the Ohio Department of Development and the OSU College of

Engineering and as we look ahead to our next year of operation, we aim to serve as a state pilot for a

University MEP in order to further deploy technical university resources to Ohio manufacturers for

economic development. Specifically, OMI plans to focus on the following initiatives, while maintaining

the current activities and support services:

Align with the state MEP in order to provide further technical assistance to Ohio manufacturers

in order to improve competitiveness and foster economic development.

Continue focus on development and deployment of technical short courses in order to serve the

Ohio manufacturing workforce development needs at the technical professional level.

Collaborate with Board of Regents and the ODoD Workforce Development group to find new

and innovative ways to further address current and future technical workforce needs.

Further our web presence in order to act as a portal between manufacturers and the deep

research assets including the USO and other national labs.

Deepen our partnership with the Ohio Department of Development, Ohio Board of Regents, and

the Ohio Department of Education goals and initiatives in order to attract, retain, and grow

manufacturing and technical competency in the State.

Our NSF‐funded MRSEC is engaged in targeted industrial collaborations with three companies: Lake

Shore Cryotronics, Westerville, OH; Traycer Diagnostics, Columbus, OH; and IBM, Yorktown Heights, NY.

Lake Shore Cryotronics is a local company, spun out of OSU more than 25 years ago, that holds a

dominant position in the field of sensors and electronics instrumentation. In autumn 2011 CEM and

Lake Shore were jointly awarded a grant from the Ohio Department of Development Ohio Third Frontier

funds to develop a cost‐effective terahertz‐based characterization system which will be used for

semiconductor research. This collaboration entails the development of a proto‐type instrument by Lake

Shore and alpha‐ and beta‐testing by CEM scientists. The instrument will be installed in the

NanoSystems Laboratory (NSL), a core facility supported by IMR, which will allow the cutting‐edge

instrument to be available to all IMR researchers.

CENTER FOR EMERGENT MATERIALS INDUSTRY INTERACTIONS


Page 53

Traycer Diagnostics is another, more recent OSU spin‐off company, that focuses on using terahertz (THz)

materials to develop instruments for non‐destructive evaluation. Traycer is involved in the development

of the terahertz spectrometer in coordination with Lake Shore. CEM has submitted joint proposals with

Traycer to support THz sensor development. CEM’s experience with high frequency magnetics positions

it well to both support and benefit from this technology.

CEM’s collaboration with IBM focuses on better understanding charge and spin‐injection into Si

nanostructures. CEM is applying expertise in STM studies of charge injection in conjunction with

techniques for detecting spin transport. IBM is providing high quality Si nanowires.

During this period CEM hosted an industry seminar that was a candid conversation about research and

career paths in science. This seminar featured Ohio State alumnus, Dr. David Daughton, who is currently

employed with Lake Shore Cryotronics. This seminar was well received by the students, post‐doctoral

researchers, faculty and staff members who attended from nine departments and three Centers. Dr.

Daughton’s seminar emphasized networking and the steps involved in beginning an industrial career

upon completing a Ph.D. This is a particularly important topic for students engaged in basic science

research as their primary emphasis.


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Recognizing that many of our faculty members are independently engaged in dozens of collaborations

with colleagues around the globe, this section will briefly summarize two highlighted activities that have

been recently formalized at a center level.

In order to better exploit research opportunities enabled by international collaborations, the Center for

Emergent Materials MRSEC (CEM) has established the International Materials Research Alliance (IMRA),

a vibrant center‐to‐center collaborative interaction with the Leibniz Institute for Solid State Research

(IFW), Dresden, Germany. The IMRA is built on the common scientific interests and complementary

technical expertise and instrumentation of the CEM and IFW. Both centers have major research efforts

in spin transport, complex oxides, Heusler compounds, superconductors, carbon nanotubes, nanowires,

organic magnetic and electronic materials. The IMRA consists of three major components: individual

collaborations, annual joint workshops, and international internships. IMR financial support to CEM is

targeted for this exciting partnership.

This broad interaction started from a collaboration between a CEM/IFW pair of researchers over several

years. In 2011, a new NSF Materials World Network (MWN) grant was awarded to study two groups of

half metals, Heusler films and double perovskite single crystals by leveraging the unique capabilities of

complex film deposition at OSU and single crystal growth at IFW. In addition, two more collaborative

projects have developed, including low‐temperature STM and EPR studies of semiconductor nanowires.

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS

CENTER FOR EMERGENT MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS RESEARCH ALLIANCE (IMRA)

IMR Fiscal Year 2011-2012 Annual Report

Page 55

A second international initiative that was recently initiated by IMR targets the creation of several

linkages between IMR and the Institute of Optoelectronics Systems and Microtechnology (ISOM) of the

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM). First initiated in 2009 through a memorandum of

understanding between IMR and the UPM Vice Rector (Provost), the list of activities focused two areas,

electronic oxide materials and III‐V compounds for optoelectronics. At the outset of FY12, the first

visiting student from UPM, Ms. Gema Tabares, completed a three month stay, with her work resulting in

two joint journal publications and with that, efforts to locate third party funding between IMR and the

ISOM group are underway:

A second visiting scientist from ISOM, Dr. Javier Grandal, spent a year as a postdoctoral researcher

working in the Semiconductor Epitaxy and Analysis Lab (SEAL) on the second core topic of the original

MOU, which is the study of novel III‐V quantum dot structures for optoelectronic and photovoltaic

applications. This effort also resulted in published research and helped to land a new DoD project in this

same area for a new assistant research professor, Tyler Grassman. Dr. Grandal returned to Europe at

the end of FY12 and is now a research scientist at the Paul Drude Institute in Germany, and IMR

members are engaged in discussions for continued collaboration. With the success of the initial

collaborations, IMR Director Ringel visited UPM to discuss an expansion of the program and to plan for

joint funding. After meeting with Professor Adrian Hierro of ISOM and with Professors Carlos Algora and

Ignacio Rey‐Stolle of UPM’s highly regarded Solar Energy Institute (IES), an agreement to expand the

formal IMR‐UPM document was made (formalization is now in progress) to include certain activities

related to III‐V photovoltaics. A result was hosting Dr. Beatriz Galiana‐Blanco of UPM as a visiting

scientist, spending a full year collaborating with IMR Member of Technical Staff Dr. John Carlin and the

broad III‐V photovoltaics group within IMR. Her research focused on metal organic chemical vapor

deposition of III‐V/Si solar cells and she made substantial contributions to the IMR effort in this area. Dr.

Galiana recently returned to Spain where she became a tenure‐track faculty member in the physics

department of Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, and she is continuing her collaboration with Dr. Carlin

and others in the area of microscopy of III‐V/Si photovoltaic materials. Her efforts will yield several

publications, currently in preparation, which will be reported in future IMR annual reports. Due to the

initial grass‐roots success of the UPM collaboration, IMR is planning an NSF Materials World Network

proposal for the next cycle, which will greatly expand these interactions.

To date the UPM‐IMR collaboration has led to the following publications in print:

1) J. Grandal, T. J. Grassman, A. M. Carlin, M. R. Brenner, B. Galiana, J. A. Carlin, L.‐M. Yang, M. J.

Mills, S. A. Ringel, “Growth and characterization of InGaAs quantum dots on metamorphic

GaAsP templates by molecular beam epitaxy,” Proceedings of the 38th IEEE Photovoltaic

UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID


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Specialists Conference, 001783 (2012).

2) E. Gur, G. Tabares, A. Arehart, J.M. Chauveau, A. Hierro and S.A. Ringel, “Deep levels in a‐

plane, high Mg‐content MgxZn1‐xO epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy,” J. Appl.

Phys. 112, 123709 (2012).

3) S.A. Ringel, T. J. Grassman, A. M. Carlin, J. Grandal, C. Ratcliff, L.‐M. Yang and M. J. Mills,

“Spectrum‐optimized Si‐based III‐V multijunction photovoltaics,” Proceedings of SPIE: Physics,

Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices, 82560R (2012).

4) Emre Gür, G. Tabares, A. Arehart, J.M. Chauveau, A. Hierro, S.A. Ringel, High Level of Mg

Alloying Effects on the Deep Level Defects in MgxZn1‐xO, AVS 58th International Symposium &

Exhibition, Nashville, Tennessee, USA, 30 October‐4 November 2011.


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IMR's Research Enhancement Program provides different funding mechanisms to support innovative

research at The Ohio State University. Fiscal year 2012 introduced the OSU Materials Research Seed

Grant program, an exciting new program that allows IMR and other materials‐related centers within the

IMR umbrella on campus to better leverage resources and effectively seed innovative research projects,

as detailed below. IMR also continued its Facility Grant program, awarding two rounds of internal

research funding to assist OSU faculty with facility user access fees and related minor charges. Finally,

the IMR Industry Challenge Grant program continued to gain visibility, with another new award this

year.

Since 2007, IMR has funded 158 awards with a total of $2,069,065 through its Research Enhancement

Program. As seen in Appendix B, IMR seed funding through the various components of its Research

Enhancement Program has generated $20.3 million in new externally sponsored funding as of FY12, and

promises to successfully seed even more major research projects in the near future. It is important to

note that this 10:1 return on investment figure does not include the large block centers that were either

developed, led, or significantly contributed to, by IMR (e.g. the NSF MRSEC – Center for Emergent

Materials ($10.8M/6 years), the NSF NSEC ‐ Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymer

Biomedical Devices ($12.5M/5 years), the $18.1M Ohio Research Scholars Program, the $18.3M Wright

Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, etc). The seed program is vital for initiating

the early stage work necessary for block programs of the future. Figure 5 shows the distribution of

cumulative funds from IMR Seed grant programs based on the primary affiliation of the lead investigator

for each project. Note that the expectation, and in many cases requirement that two or more

investigators must be affiliated with two or more departments, is not reflected in this figure. However,

even taking that into account the breadth of awards which is one expression of IMR’s multidisciplinary

impact is clear.

IMR RESEARCH ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM


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The OSU Materials Research Seed Grant Program provides internal research funding opportunities

through three distinct Funding Tiers designed to achieve the greatest impact for seeding and advancing

excellence in materials research of varying scopes. The OSU Materials Research Seed Grant Program is

jointly funded and managed by IMR, along with leadership from the Center for Emergent Materials

(CEM) and the Center for Electronic and Magnetic Nanoscale Composite Multifunctional Materials

(ENCOMM). As detailed in IMR’s Fiscal Year 2011 Annual Report, IMR’s goal in leading the creation of

this integrated seed program was to ensure that the most effective seed program was broadly available

to achieve better leveraging of valuable financial resources and to combine the best practices developed

by previously independent seed programs of IMR (Interdisciplinary Materials Research Grants – IMRGs),

and of ENCOMM and CEM The result was the creation of a united OSU Materials Research Seed Grant

Program, which is comprised of three Funding Tiers designed to achieve the greatest impact for seeding

Figure 5: Distribution of awards directly supported by IMR through the IMR Research Enhancement Program, Fiscal Years 2007 – 2012, as tracked by department affiliation of lead principal investigator per project. Includes IMR’s cash support of IMR Facility Grants, IMR Industry Challenge Grants, IMR Interdisciplinary Materials Research Grants, and IMR’s contributions to the OSU Materials Research Seed Grant Program (Exploratory Materials Research Grants, Multidisciplinary Team Building Grants, and Proto-IRGs).

OSU MATERIALS RESEARCH SEED GRANT PROGRAM


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excellence in materials research of varying scopes: Proto‐IRG grants for large teams, Multidisciplinary

Team Building Grants for smaller teams, and Exploratory Materials Research Grants that target higher

risk, individual investigator grants with a bias toward junior faculty members. The former IMR

Interdisciplinary Materials Research Grants (IMRG) program has been integrated specifically through the

Multidisciplinary Team Building Grants and the Exploratory Materials Research Grants.

In its first year, the OSU Materials Research Seed Grant Program awarded three Exploratory Materials

Research Grants ($40,000 each), one Multidisciplinary Team Building Grant ($60,000 each) and three

Proto‐IRG ($100,000 each) awards. These awards totaled $480,000 in direct funding to fifteen OSU

researchers in seven departments. The Proto‐IRG grants are awarded directly through OSU’s Center for

Emergent Materials (CEM).

Figure 6. Distribution of 2011-2012 OSU Materials Research Seed Grant Program awards, by department affiliation of the lead principal investigator per project. Includes all funding to the OSU Materials Research Seed Grant Program awards by ENCOMM, CEM, and IMR.


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2011‐2012 EXPLORATORY MATERIALS RESEARCH GRANTS

Exploratory Materials Research Grants provide funds up to $40,000/year per award in direct costs,

require one PI, and may have Co‐PIs and/or unfunded collaborators. The goal of the Exploratory

Materials Research Grants is to enable nascent materials research to emerge to the point of being

competitive for external funding. Three Exploratory Materials Research Grants were awarded this year:

Towards Si‐ Graphene Analogues: Development of Air‐ and Water‐Stable Layered Polysilanes, Principal

Investigator: Joshua Goldberger, Chemistry

Abstract: Since the discovery of single‐layer graphene’s unique electronic properties, there has been

great interest in the synthesis, properties, and application of single layers of graphene and other

inorganic two‐dimensional layered sheets. Even with graphene’s success, there are many potential

applications that would benefit with the advent of single‐layer sheet materials that have a direct and

tunable band gap, and can be chemically functionalized. These properties can be achieved in layered

polysilanes, the singleatom thick silicon sp3‐hybridized analogue of graphene. Application of these

layered polysilanes has been limited due to their relative ease of oxidation in air and water

environment. The focus of this proposal is to establish the synthetic chemistry of passivating these

layered polysilanes with organic functional groups for the purpose of increasing their resistance towards

oxidation in air and water. We will also study how the electronegativity of the passivating component

can be used to tune the band gap of the material. Creating air‐ and water‐stable derivatives of these

graphene analogues would enable their integration and study into a host of applications including

photovoltaics, spintronics, molecular electronics, and thermoelectrics.

Atomic Scale Characterization of Defects in Wide Bandgap Semiconductors, Principal Investigator: Jay

Gupta, Physics; Co‐Investigator: Leonard Brillson, Electrical & Computer Engineering

Abstract: A microscopic understanding of interfacial defects is important in a variety of emerging fields,

from silicon‐based nanoelectronics to advanced structural materials to next‐generation catalysts. The

principal objective of this seed proposal is to build core synergies for multi‐scale characterization of

interfacial defects in oxides and wide‐gap semiconductors. We propose to integrate scanned probe,

electron beam and optical methods to study interfacial defects in TiO2, with nm‐scale depth and lateral

resolution. Molecular beam epitaxy will be used to grow thin films with a variety of interfaces and

defect distributions. These studies will lay a foundation for understanding photocatalysis, charge

transport, and ferromagnetism in such materials. The target and scope of this seed research were

chosen to enhance future block funding proposals built on existing local programs.

Sonochemical Synthesis of Metal Hydrides, Principal Investigator: Yiying Wu, Chemistry

Abstract: The objective of this proposal is to understand the fundamental mechanism of the

sonochemical synthesis of metal hydrides and to develop sonochemistry into a general synthetic


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method. This exploratory proposal represents the first effort to utilize sonochemistry for the synthesis

of hydrides, which have well known applications in organic synthesis, rocket propellant, hydrogen

storage and rechargeable batteries. The proposal is based on our recent discovery that ultrasound

irradiation of an aqueous Cu2+ solution can produce pure CuH products. This is the first time that a

metal hydride has been synthesized through sonochemistry. We believe new materials chemistry can

come out from this study, which will expand our knowledge of sonochemistry and its applications in

materials synthesis. In the proposal, a reaction mechanism is proposed and a research plan is outlined

to examine this mechanism and to optimize the production yield of CuH. Moreover, we will explore

sonochemistry in non‐aqueous solutions in order to expand the synthetic method to other materials

such as LiNH2 and hydrazine, N2H4. These materials have important applications in hydrogen storage

and rocket propellant. Results and publications obtained from this seed project will help us pursue

external funding from NSF, AFOSR and DOE.

2011‐2012 MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM BUILDING GRANTS

Multidisciplinary Team Building Grants provide funds up to $60,000/year per award in direct costs,

require one PI and one Co‐PI from two different departments, and may have unfunded collaborators.

The goal of the Multidisciplinary Team Building Grants is to form multidisciplinary materials research

teams that can compete effectively for federal block‐funding opportunities. One Multidisciplinary Team

Building Grant was awarded this year:

Engineered Heart Tissue: A Multidisciplinary Team Centered on Scaffold Structure and Mechanics,

Principal Investigator: Jianjun Guan, Materials Science & Engineering; Co‐Investigators: Gunjan Agarwal,

Biomedical Engineering; Peter Anderson, Materials Science & Engineering

Abstract: A multidisciplinary team spanning three academic departments is proposed to enhance both

the intellectual merit and broader impacts of engineered heart tissue research at The Ohio State

University. The intellectual merit is to understand how the material design of 3D fiber scaffolds, coupled

with cells that can secrete collagen with tunable properties, can be used to direct stem cell

differentiation into heart cells. A structured set of key aims will demonstrate the ability of 3D fiber

arrays to regulate differentiation, and then correlate this differentiation with the material properties of

the collagen matrix and the material design of the fiber scaffold. This effort draws on recent

developments of how 2D material environments affect cell differentiation, by expanding to 3D fibrous

structures that are inherent in heart tissue. The broader impacts are to support two graduate students

in a unique educational setting not available in a single academic setting. It will identify and strengthen

a multidisciplinary team for future block grant funding not currently available to OSU researchers, and

foster new interaction between the medical and physical sciences at OSU.


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2011‐2012 PROTO‐IRG GRANTS

The Proto‐IRG research awards were integrated into the 2011‐2012 OSU Materials Research Seed Grant

Program. The Proto‐IRG grants have the goal of forming new Interdisciplinary Research Groups (IRGs)

that could be incorporated into the Center for Emergent Materials’ renewal proposal to the National

Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Center program in 2015. Proto‐IRG

Grants provide funds up to $100,000/year per award in direct costs, require one Principal Investigator

(PI) and two Co‐Principal Investigators (Co‐PIs), and may have unfunded collaborators. Three Proto‐IRG

Grants were awarded this year:

Thermal Spintronics: Engineering Spin Currents and Dissipation, Principal Investigator: Roberto Myers,

Materials Science & Engineering; Co‐Investigators: Joseph Heremans, Mechanical and Aerospace

Engineering; Ezekiel Johnston‐Halperin, Physics

Abstract: This proposal aims to continue the proto‐IRG begun last year to study the thermodynamics

of spin transport and magnetism in semiconductors through the development of new materials and

measurement schemes that combine spintronic materials with high sensitivity thermal transport and

calorimetry. In one year of work we have studied the thermal generation of local spin currents in

several materials, uncovering a material dependence to the spin‐Seebeck effect as well as

experimentally revealing the phonon‐driven nature of the microscopic physics. Additionally we have

begun development of new experimental schemes for studying thermal dissipation due to spin

injection/transport, as well as developed new materials for spin injection and magnetism in

semiconductors. In the second year, we will expand the scope of our experimental and theoretical

efforts through a team of internationally renowned collaborators. Projects include theoretical modeling

of our spin‐Seebeck data taking into account the recently uncovered phononspin physics, spin

calorimetry using free standing membranes to examine the dissipation due to optical spin injection,

and microwave spin‐injection into wide band gap semiconductors. Our proto‐IRG team will be

strengthened through continued co‐authored publication of our results in high impact journals and

their dissemination at international conferences.

Characterization & Synthesis of Mimetic Cell‐Secreted Exosomes for Cell Signaling, Principal

Investigator: Michael Paulaitis; Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; Co‐Investigators: Andre Palmer,

Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; Chia‐Hsiang Menq, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering

Abstract: We propose to design and assemble synthetic vesicles that have the structural, mechanical,

and biophysical/chemical characteristics of cell‐derived exosomes – small (< 200 nm diameter)

membrane encapsulated particles secreted by cells in response to specific intracellular signals.

Exosomes have biological significance as intercellular signaling complexes, most notably, through their

ability to transmit genetic information that can effectively trigger the reprogramming of target cells.

Although the cell signaling functions attributed to exosomes depend critically on their specific

interactions with target cells and subsequent internalization of their contents, the targeting

mechanisms, as well as the biophysics of membrane adhesion and fusion, in general, are poorly


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understood. The overall objective of this project is to resolve these exosome‐specific targeting

mechanisms. To meet this objective, we will create synthetic exosomes that mimic properties of cell‐

derived exosomes considered to be important factors controlling these mechanisms, and then

systematically study how these properties affect exosome binding and fusion to cell membranes. An

important component of the project is to devise cell‐membrane models to study exosome binding and

fusion, and to measure the kinetics of these processes. Our long‐range goal is to predict the target cells

of biological exosomes as a means to control this mode of intercellular communications.

Magnetic Resonance Studies of Chromatin Dynamics and Function, Principal Investigator: Michael

Poirier, Physics; Co‐Investigators: Chris Hammel, Physics; Christopher Jaroniec, Chemistry

Abstract: Each human cell contains a complete genome where all of our genetic information is encoded

within DNA molecules that total a meter in length. Normal functioning cells use only a fraction of the

genes encoded into their DNA, which implies that each cell must control which genes are expressed.

This is accomplished by changes in the physical compaction of the DNA molecules into a highly

conserved structural polymer, chromatin. This implies that changes in the physical and material

properties of our genome are a central mechanism for regulating gene expression and stability. A

human chromosome contains a centimeter length DNA polymer that appears to be organized into a

multi‐level structure. However, beyond the first level of DNA organization, little is known about

chromosome structure and dynamics. We are investigating the structure and dynamics of an

intermediate level of chromosome organization, chromatin, by using established magnetic resonance

techniques, solid state NMR and EPR, and developing optically detected magnetic resonance at the

single molecule level. Renewal of this seed project will continue the development of a multi‐disciplinary

group that aims to understand the physical and material properties of entire human chromosomes.


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IMR has continued to offer the successful and popular IMR Facility Grants program, which provides

$2,000 per award to assist OSU faculty with facility user access fees and related minor charges

associated with conducting innovative materials‐allied research. The goal of this support is to enable a

key experimental result for inclusion in proposals, or to complete particularly critical research for

publication, that can create new funding streams. To date, IMR has awarded 110 Facility Grants totaling

$236,916 to support the research of 72 IMR members from 4 colleges and 11 academic departments.

In fiscal year 2012, IMR award 17 Facility Grants for a total of $34,000, with distribution by Principal

Investigator department shown in Figure 6. A full listing of these twenty new Facility Grants is provided

in Appendix D, including abstracts for each research project.

Figure 6. Distribution of Fiscal Year 2011-2012 IMR Facility Grant awards, by department affiliation of the lead Principal Investigator for each project.

IMR FACILITY GRANTS


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The IMR Industry Challenge Grants program was established to enhance the already strong

collaborations between OSU researchers and private industry partners in materials allied research,

targeting topics of particular strategic opportunity beyond existing activities. These grants provide one‐

to‐one matching funds up to $20,000 per year to allow OSU researchers to conduct research in

collaboration with private industry partners that will lead to major external proposal development. IMR

Industry Challenge Grants are eligible for renewal for a second year of funding. Four research programs

are currently receiving support through IMR Industry Challenge Grants, and we expect activity will grow

over time due to the increasing number of private‐public collaborations through several centers and

facilities.

Due to confidentiality agreements, we are limited in the amount of information we can share regarding

Industry Challenge Grants. During the 2012 Fiscal year, one new Industry Challenge Grant was awarded

to Dr. R. Sooryakumar, Professor of Physics, in support of his externally sponsored research project, also

providing $20,000 in direct cost share. This Industry Challenge Grant was so successful that this fiscal

year it has already generated a publication in the Journal of Applied Physics and a $345,000, three‐year

award from the Semiconductor Research Corporation (full citations for both are found in the report’s

appendix).

These three IMR Industry Challenge Grants received funding from IMR during FY 2012, the Sooryakumar

award is in its first year of funding and the Bong and Windl awards received second year support:

Synthesis of amphiphilic core‐shell latex emulsions from soy proteins and delivery of corrosion inhibitors

and biocides for coatings application, Lead Investigator: Dennis Bong, Chemistry

Thermo‐Mechanical Billouin Light Scattering Characterization of Nanometer Scale Interconnect Materials

and Structures, Lead Investigator: R. Sooryakumar, Physics

HOF Midwavelength Infrared Focal Plane Array Modeling, Lead Investigator: Wolfgang Windl, Materials

Science and Engineering (supporting a collaboration with L‐3 Communications Cincinnati Electronics)

IMR INDUSTRY CHALLENGE GRANTS


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The core facilities within IMR’s reach are extensive, and include state‐of‐the‐art research

instrumentation and resources. Core materials research facilities on OSU’s campus are supported by

IMR in a variety of ways. The largest core facility, the Nanotech West Laboratory, is fully operated and

managed by IMR, with Members of Technical Staff, administrative oversight and lab leadership all

provided by IMR. Other facilities, such as the ENCOMM NanoSystems Lab and the Center for Chemical

and Biophysical Dynamics, are supported by IMR through the employment of IMR Members of Technical

Staff, who provide on‐site technical support and facility management. IMR is also engaged with support

of other core facilities through prior Targeted Investment in Excellence (TIE) funding, including the

Semiconductor Epitaxy and Analysis Lab, the Electrical and Computer Engineering cleanroom and the

Campus Electron Optics Facility. The IMR is currently collaborating with the College of Engineering and

the Office of Research in the establishment of the new Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis

(CEMAS), part of IMR’s Ohio Research Scholars portfolio detailed earlier in this report. IMR is also

actively working toward unifying the Campus Chemical Instrumentation Center (CCIC) within a greater

network to enhance accessibility across disciplines. The overall coordination of these and other facilities

through IMR’s domain (see http://imr.osu.edu/research/facilities/) continues to be a driving force for

IMR activities. This section provides updates of the core facilities that have been most involved with

IMR for this past year.

Located on West Campus, the Ohio State Nanotech West Laboratory is the largest and most

comprehensive micro‐ and nanofabrication user facility in the state of Ohio. It houses a 6,000 square

foot class 100 cleanroom with a comprehensive 100mm wafer process flow, a 5,000 square foot

Biohybrid Lab, and additional laboratory, administrative, and support space. The impact of Nanotech

West on the OSU materials research community is substantial. In FY12, over 250 users representing

nearly 100 funded projects of 50 OSU PIs used Nanotech West; the total multi‐year research funding of

these projects is in excess of $49M. Activities in these projects spanned the entire range of cutting‐edge

materials research, from high‐frequency GaN/AlGaN electronics, to solar cells, to microfluidics and

biotechnology, to the fabrication of structures for use in the study of basic physics and chemistry.

Fiscal year 2012 was a year of substantial growth of activities at the Nanotech West Lab, perhaps most

appropriately measured by its total user fee income of $493k, an 18% increase over FY11. While much

of this increase was due to increased Ohio State program usage, it is important to note that several OSU

programs that made new and heavy use of Nanotech West also have significant industry collaborations.

CORE MATERIALS RESEARCH FACILITIES’ UPDATES

NANOTECH WEST LABORATORY


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These specific programs include collaborations with Energy Focus (Solon, OH), GreenField Solar (Oberlin,

OH), and Emcore (Albuquerque, NM), to name a few. Over twenty companies, nearly all in the state of

Ohio and nearly all startup, small, or medium‐sized, used Nanotech West directly in FY12. Month‐to‐

month, industry activities at Nanotech West now consistently represent approximately 25% of total

Laboratory activity, or 40% by user fee income. Five other Ohio universities (Case Western, Wright

State, University of Dayton, Ohio University, and Denison) and two not‐for‐profits also used the Lab in

FY12.

Figure 7. Nanotech West Laboratory Billed Usage by Fiscal Year Quarter, FY2007-FY2012

Breakdown of the Ohio State usage according to user fees was approximately 76% College of

Engineering, 12% Office of Research, and 12% Natural and Mathematical Sciences (an Academic Division

of the College of Arts and Sciences). The OSU Medicine and Pharmacy academic groups were each less

than 1% of usage based on user fee income.

Nanotech West has a state‐of‐the‐art fabrication and characterization capability. Flagship capabilities

include a Vistec EBPG 5000 high‐resolution electron beam nanolithography tool with a resolution in

resist of sub‐20 nm; its registration (alignment) accuracy is approximately 60 nm (3‐sigma), and an


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Aixtron 3x2” metalorganic III‐V chemical vapor (MOCVD) deposition tool designed for university‐industry

transitions and basic research. The MOCVD system, which is a accessible to external and internal users,

has the capability to grow In‐, Ga‐, Al – phosphides, arsenides and antimonides for solar, electronic,

optical and basic research. Other primary capabilities at Nanotech West include:

I‐line optical stepper photolithography tool capable of ~0.60 micron resolution and the

handling of odd sized parts [GCA 6100C]

Atomic layer deposition [Picosun SunALE R‐150B]

Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy [Carl Zeiss Ultra 55 Plus]

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactive ion etching [Plasma‐Therm SLR 770] and

several other plasma etch tools

A five‐gun RF/DC load‐locked sputter deposition system [AJA International Orion]

Six‐pocket electron gun evaporator [CHA Solution System]

Wafer bonding and micro– and nanoimprint lithography [EVG 520HE]

I‐V, C‐V, L‐I‐V, microfluidic, and solar device testing

Atomic force microscopy [Veeco 3100, NanoInk, Asylum BioAFM]

A full‐flow 100 mm process capability including photolithography, wet/dry etching and

advanced wafer cleaning, LPCVD nitride deposition, diffusions, oxidation, rapid thermal

annealing, optical microscopy, and metrology.

Just as important as its equipment list, Nanotech West is supported by 7 full‐time engineering and 1

administrative Core Staff and three Associate Staff members. Nearly all the Core engineering staff has

industry experience in semiconductor or closely related fields; a list of former employers of the Core

staff includes IBM, Intel, TriQuint Semiconductor, Cree, and Amberwave. The Associate Staff members

are NSF NSEC post‐docs who have primary responsibilities in the Biohybrid Laboratory.

New tool installations in FY12 at Nanotech West included:

A Plasma‐Therm 790 plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) tool

An Oxford X‐Max silicon drift detector (SDD) for X‐ray materials analysis on the

Carl Zeiss field‐emission scanning electron microscope

An MBraun nitrogen‐purged glovebox

A Diener Pico low‐damage plasma asher

A second AG Associates rapid thermal annealing (RTA) system


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Funding for all but one these purchases were from the final capital dollars from the Ohio Wright Center

for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC) and through industrial membership fees.

The RTA was provided by Prof. Marv White, member of the National Academy of Engineering, who has

joined Ohio State after a long and distinguished career at Lehigh University where he was the director of

the Sherman Fairchild Microelectronics Center.

The Plasma‐Therm tool (tool code CVD02), a refurbished unit, was purchased and installed to provide

surface passivations for semiconductors, deposit anti‐reflective coatings for photovoltaics and other

optical devices, and provide dielectrics for general electronic device fabrication. Gases plumbed to the

system included 2% silane (in 98% helium), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH3). As of June 2012,

the end of FY12, the tool was depositing thin films of silicon oxide and silicon nitride for a wide variety of

projects, and made its first runs of silicon oxynitrides.

The other new tools fulfill specific needs at Nanotech West. The fast, sensitive X‐ray detector for SEM02

greatly expands the materials analysis capabilities at the Lab, while the glove box greatly speeds the

changing of precursor sources for the Picosun atomic layer deposition (ALD) tool. The Diener plasma

asher fills a need for low‐damage plasma cleaning (usually before metallizations) for sensitive device

fabrication steps such as ohmic contacts and transistor gate fabrication steps. The second RTA in the lab

will be reserved for silicon and (with quartzware changes) other specific clean processing steps.

In December 2011 the Nanotech West Lab went live with its newly designed web site based on

Wordpress, a content management tool. The redesigned site allows Nanotech West staff to easily post

news articles, change and add content, and link web pages to the Lab database. Graphically, the new

site matches the Nanotech West brochure, which was redesigned and printed in the previous year.

The Nanotech West Biohybrid Laboratory (BHL) continues to be a very busy place, supporting a

significant portion of the activities of the OSU NSF‐sponsored Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center

(NSEC), the Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, as well as four

startup companies in this research area. Common use equipment in the BHL and other non‐cleanroom

space includes the AFMs mentioned earlier, a Hitachi S‐3000H scanning electron microscope, a

Brookhaven dynamic light scattering (DLS) system for the measurement of nanoparticle sizes, two

biosafety cabinets, an autoclave, and one of two cell culture rooms. Equipment and facilities particular

to the NSEC program include a dedicated cell culture room, a scanning laser confocal microscope, an

optical tweezer setup for manipulation of nanoparticles, and micromilling and femtosecond ablation

tools for rapid prototyping of micro‐ and nanostructures, especially for microfluidics.

FY12 was the second year in which NTW used a “superuser” system to assist in the training of new users

on tools. In this system, advanced graduate students or postdoctoral researchers generally perform the

initial training of new users on tools, and these users are then given a final “check‐out” by the staff


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member in charge. The superusers are selected for their proven skills in the operation of the tools in

question, and are modestly compensated for their time with credit toward their monthly user fee bill; in

addition, they usually cite this role in the lab on their resumes. The superusers free up regular staff time

with the primary goal of increasing equipment uptime. The initial system of six superusers has worked

out quite successfully, despite turnover of personnel due to graduation (being mostly senior graduate

students, superusers are often close to finishing) and the concept will be expanded in FY13 to additional

tools. Meanwhile, in FY12 Nanotech West staff hosted a regular “pizza meeting” for lunch that served

as a forum for all users to communicate with staff members about laboratory operational issues and

look for ways to improve them, and hear short talks from their fellow users about their projects.

This year Nanotech West hired a new Laboratory Services Coordinator, Peter Janney III, who has years of

experience in the DVD and CD replication industry, especially in the area of major equipment

installations and maintenance. Pete very quickly became an essential staff member, leading the

installations of the new PECVD, plasma ash, and RTA tools.

Plans for Nanotech West for FY13 include hiring two part‐time staff members, one of whom will

primarily support MOCVD operations (and who will be a full‐time person, cost‐shared with two major

photovoltaics user projects) and one of whom will support IT operations. The Lab also plans to greatly

Nanotech West staff, Laboratory Services Coordinators Derek Ditmer (left) and Pete Janney (right) stand near the newly installed and operational Plasma‐Therm 790 PECVD installed in Bay 3 of the Nanotech West Cleanroom. The tool began depositing silicon oxides and nitrides for several applications in late

FY12.


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expand its online web site with more detailed process and equipment information targeted at helping

new and prospective users. Other priorities include increasing Ohio industry usage, documentation of

Lab operations and processes, and completing the revision and streamlining of its orientation process

for new users.

During the past year the ENCOMM NanoSystems Laboratory revised its reporting line to become a

facility center within the Department of Physics, eliminating its formal linkage to ENCOMM, which is a

center within the Division of Natural and Mathematical Sciences (D‐NMS) of the College of Arts and

Sciences, to become a core department facility within the Physics Department. This was done to

streamline various reporting lines for several staff positions. ENSL is now known as the NanoSystems

Laboratory (NSL) but otherwise functions fully as a core facility within the IMR network of core facilities,

as it has since its inception.

NANOSYSTEMS LABORATORY OVERVIEW

NanoSystems Laboratory (NSL) is an established OSU user facility located on the Columbus campus of

The Ohio State University in the Physics Research Building. NSL is one of the research infrastructure

facilities falling under the IMR umbrella and the NSL Director, Dr. Denis V. Pelekhov, is an IMR member

of technical staff. The facility is open to all academic and industrial customers on a user fee basis. The

primary goal of NSL is to provide users with access to advanced material characterization and fabrication

tools for research and development applications. Access to equipment is granted to users upon

completion of equipment and safety training, and experienced users are granted after‐hours access.

NSL operates a diverse suite of research instrumentation and research capabilities available include

focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy, e‐beam lithography, nanomanipulation, EDS X‐ray

microanalysis, X‐ray diffractometry, SQUID magnetometry, conventional atomic force/magnetic force

microscopy, cryogenic atomic force/magnetic force microscopy, Physical Vapor material deposition, Low

‐Temperature/High Magnetic field magnetotransport measurements, Langmuir‐Blodgett trough

monolayer deposition and clean room facilities.

NANOSYSTEMS LABORATORY


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NANOSYSTEMS LABORATORY HIGHLIGHTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS

DURING FY2012

During Fiscal Year 2012, NanoSystems Laboratory experienced continued growth in the number of staff

members, the number of available instruments, the volume of provided services and the number of

customers served. In FY 2012, NSL supported 163 users – a 39% increase compared to FY 2011 ‐ from 48

research groups, including four industry partners. Another notable change is that in FY 2012, 38 NSL

users were women, a 72% increase compared to FY2011. Among the OSU research groups, NSL

benefited 120 funded research projects with an estimated total funding of $17 million. NSL provided

research services to users valued at $169,000 in FY 2012, a 12% increase in the volume of services

provided to facility users compared to FY 2011.

Several new equipment acquisitions were made by NSL during FY2012 to further enhance its broad

capabilities in material characterization and fabrication. In October 2011, NSL commissioned a new Kurt

J. Lesker (Clairton, PA) Lab‐18 physical vapor deposition system that delivers a combined capability for

magnetron sputtering and e‐beam evaporation in the same vacuum chamber. The purchase of the

system was made possible by funding through the OSU Targeted Initiative in Excellence award in

advanced materials. The system is outfitted with three 3” sputtering sources and a 6‐pocker e‐beam

evaporation source. In addition, a Kaufman & Robinson, Inc. KDC 40 ion source is installed in the

loadlock of the system. The source can be used for sample surface etching and cleaning. The system

was delivered in September 2011 and is installed in the NSL clean room.

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Two new acquisitions this year greatly enhanced the NanoSystems Laboratory’s research capabilities: the Magneto‐Optical Kerr microscope (left) and the teraherz time domain spectrometer (right)


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In March 2012, NSL commissioned a new Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS) by Quantum

Design USA. Instrument acquisition was funded by a Major Research Instrumentation grant awarded by

the National Science Foundation to a group of OSU researchers led by Professor P. Chris Hammel. The

system is capable of conducting resistivity, AC transport (ACT), AC magnetic susceptibility (ACMS),

Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) and torque magnetometery measurements. The VSM capability

of the PPMS comes with both large and small bore coil sets and a high temperature oven option with

the capability for sample heating up to 1100 K. All measurements can be conducted in magnetic fields

of up to 14 T and over the temperature range between 1.9 K and 400 K (1100 K if VSM oven is used). To

reduce the costs of system operation, the instrument is equipped with a helium reliquifier that

dramatically reduces liquid helium consumption. An additional component of the PPMS is the cryogenic

Atomic Force Microscope/Magnetic Force Microscope (AFM/MFM) delivered by ION‐TOF GmbH. The

instrument will allow scanned probe microscopy surface studies of samples in magnetic fields of up to

14 T and over the temperature range between 1.9 K and 400 K. Such a capability is unavailable on most

commercial AFM/MFM systems. Both the PPMS and the cryogenic AFM/MFM have become extremely

popular among NSL users, with the system operating 10‐15 hours a day, on average, during summer

2012.

During FY 2012, NSL has also acquired a new teraherz time domain spectrometer (THz‐TDS) for the study

of solid state materials. The instrument has been provided by Lake Shore Cryotronics, Inc. as a part of a

collaborative effort between Lake Shore and the OSU NSF Center for the Emergent Materials (CEM) to

develop a commercial THz spectrometer. This collaboration is funded through a $1 million Fiscal Year

2011 Ohio Third Frontier Sensors Program award, Cost‐effective Terahertz‐based Characterization

System for Semiconductor Materials Research. The current instrument is capable of conducting THz

spectroscopy at room temperature under ambient conditions. In the future this instrument will be

replaced with a low temperature THz spectrometer prototype that is currently being developed by Lake

Shore.

In September 2011, NSL also acquired an Evico Magnetics Magneto‐Optical Kerr microscope, another

purchase made possible by the OSU TIE funding. The Kerr microscope is a system for rapid magnetic

domain visualization in ferromagnetic samples. It consists of a high resolution optical microscope

combined with a compact electro magnet capable of generating magnetic fields as high as 1 T applied in

the plane of the sample surface. Enhanced by image processing and equipped with electromagnets,

domains and magnetization processes on all kinds of ferro‐ and ferrimagnetic materials can be studied

at variable magnifications down to the resolution limit of optical microscopy, which, with the current

optical setup, is as low as 300 nm depending on the sample. This is a unique capability for real‐time

visualization of domain formation and evolution in an applied magnetic field that has become available

to OSU researchers.

As a part of the NSL mission for assisting the OSU material science community in expanding knowledge

of novel material characterization techniques, NSL staff also worked with the Center for Emergent

Materials in the organization of a three‐day Workshop on Magnetic Domains with Dr. Rudolf Schäfer


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(IFW, Dresden, Germany) on September 19‐21, 2011. More information on this workshop is detailed in

the Outreach and Education Activities section of this report.

Through a partnership between the IMR and the departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, the

Center for Chemical and Biophysical Dynamics (CCBD) operates as an open user lab offering

instrumentation to perform ultrafast laser spectrometry to reveal the complex evolution of light quanta

absorbed by matter. The mission of the CCBD is to provide users with access to laser spectrometry

instrumentation, including all the equipment necessary to measure transient UV/Vis, fluorescence,

infrared, and stimulated Raman spectra on femto‐, pico‐, and nanosecond time scale. Researchers use

CCBD instrumentation to perform several forms of ultrafast laser spectrometry to reveal the complex

evolution of light quanta absorbed by matter. By measuring with high temporal precision the changes in

characteristic spectral signatures of photogenerated intermediates, the sequence of individual events

can be discerned, the information which otherwise is smeared and integrated over time. The evolution

steps provide a rich harvest of knowledge about the energy flow and mechanisms of transformations in

biological, chemical, physical, and materials systems. This knowledge is invaluable for learning how

photoreactive systems work in nature as well as for optimizing the energy transfer and eliminating

energy losses in artificial systems and materials.

CCBD HIGHLIGHTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS DURING FY2012

The Center for Chemical and Biophysical Dynamics has seen definite growth and improvements in its

first full year of operating as an open user research facility. One of the biggest accomplishments for the

CCBD during Fiscal Year 2012 is the increase in user fee revenues, which at approximately $12,000

nearly tripled FY 2011’s billed user fees. During Fiscal Year 2012, three more research groups joined the

CCBD as regular users. A concept of “superusers” was implemented and a member from each active

research group was thoroughly trained to use the CCBD instruments independently at a high level. Five

graduate students defended their Ph.D. theses based on research projects completed at CCBD. Three

graduates landed academic jobs as junior professors and two continued research as postdoctoral fellows

during this reporting period. An international postdoctoral researcher and two international scholars

were also trained this year at CCBD and went on to have professional success. The postdoctoral

researcher acquired an academic job, and one of the visiting scholars has attained habilitation based in

part on the research completed at CCBD. The research conducted at CCBD has inspired 25 peer

reviewed publications and presentations, and the corresponding list of publications is included in this

report’s Appendices.

CENTER FOR CHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL DYNAMICS (CCBD)


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This year, a CCBD Advisory Committee was formed to oversee major activities of the facility and to

facilitate the alignment of CCBD capabilities to the needs of IMR researchers. Committee members

include Dr. Susan Olesik, Chair of the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IMR Director Dr.

Steven Ringel, and several professors whose research groups are current or potential users of the CCBD

facility. The group meets monthly to identify user needs, instrumentation upgrades or concerns, priority

experiments, and prospective users. CCBD Director, Prof. Terry Gustafson resumed his duties after

spending several months of his sabbatical leave in Auckland, New Zealand. He continues his active

research focusing on multi‐dimensional femtosecond infrared and Raman spectroscopy.

On February 8th, CCBD participated in a webinar organized by the NSF Division of Materials Research. In

response to the 2011 Committee of Visitors report on the Division of Materials Research, the Advisory

Committee of the Mathematical and Physical Sciences Directorate at the National Science Foundation

has charged a subcommittee with looking at future instrumentation and facility needs in the materials

research community. As members of the chemistry community, CCBD and Research Support Services at

the Department of Chemistry provided their input based on a long‐term expertise running mid‐size

multiuser facilities. Two key topics have been discussed: “What types of research infrastructure is

needed to support the Materials research mission of the Division” and “What instrumentation research

and development is needed to support the Materials research mission of the Division?”

Following 2011’s equipment acquisitions which included a PicoHarp 300 picosecond histogram

accumulating real‐time processor with USB interface, an Excelitas Technologies single photon counting

module, and an Olympus IX 71 inverted microscope, the CCBD research facility continued to make

important upgrades and enhancements to its instrumentation.

The CCBD facility’s time‐correlated single photon counting setup has been upgraded to include a

newer version of the hardware and more reliable software running on a computer from a recent

generation of Dell machines. The new semiconductor single photon counting module extends

the spectral detection range from Visible to near IR (ca. 1100 nm) with sub‐nanosecond time

resolution. A confocal microscope attached to the instrument allows more efficient collection of

fluorescence from small‐scale biological or semiconductor films and devices. An alternative

optical pump scheme using a focusing mirror instead of the lens/ microscope objective allows

one to use UV light below 350 nm to excite photoluminescence.

A mobile turn‐key subnanosecond pulsed laser‐emitting diode of EPLED series from Edinburg

Instruments emitting at 360 nm (loaned to CCBD by the group of Prof. Claudia Turro in the

department of Chemistry) adds extra convenience to the setup. The LED is extremely easy to

operate. In contrast to a laser, it does not require any alignment and is ready to fire in 60

seconds. It has been tested as an excitation source for Time‐Correlated Single Photon Counting

fluorescence lifetime measurements in Rhodamine 6G solution. The test showed that this

particular LED is suited mostly for highly fluorescent compound due to its limited output energy.


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The femtosecond time‐resolved mid infrared spectrometer was upgraded to extend its infrared

probe spectral coverage from 3‐9 m to 3‐14 m with the low frequency limit of ca. 700 cm‐1.

This upgrade makes it possible for researchers to study low energy vibrations characteristic for

such processes as photochemical generation of alkenes as well as photochemically induced

isomerization. CCBD is proud to be among very few groups in the world capable of doing such

experiments. Transient spectra at time delays from 100 femtoseconds to 5 picoseconds for

trans‐beta‐methylstyrene in CCl4 excited by a 100 fs laser pulse at 270 nm were recorded to

show photoinduced isomerization. Based on this upgrade, a proposal has been submitted to

obtain NSF funding for studying reactive intermediates. This proposal has been approved. The

upgraded setup has been also used during a six‐week visit of a team of international scholars to

CCBD. The team has been experimenting with a series of photochemically‐ labile diazo

compounds. The results are being analyzed and prepared for publication.

Another CCBD facility enhancement project has been carried out to upgrade the femtosecond

transient UV/Vis absorption spectrometer. Before, the long‐wavelength probe limit for the

pump‐probe UV/Vis transient absorption spectrometer was ca. 750 nm. On the other hand,

several spectral signature bands, especially for transient metal compounds that are of interest

as materials for solar photovoltaics, require longer probe wavelengths. Integrating a 512‐pixel

InGaAs array detector into the data acquisition system extends its spectral coverage into the

near IR range (1100 – 1300 nm). Flexible mathematics of data collection allows one to use the

spectrometer both in transmission and reflection mode for materials‐related experiments. The

InGaAs array detector was tested and the related software has been developed for data

collection and analysis at those wavelengths. A visiting student from Japan has been assigned to

work on this project under the guidance of the CCBD Manager. The design and engineering of

the timed communication with the InGaAs detector via LabView software and the optical layout

have been completed. Debugging and tests continue to improve sensitivity and signal‐to noise

ratio. As the next step glasses, crystals and photonic optical fibers will be tested to find the best

near IR continuum generating material. After that, the new addition will be integrated into the

existing femtosecond time‐resolved spectrometer.

In parallel, the Kinetic detection experimental setup at the CCBD has been adjusted to use single

‐wavelength excitation and detection in the 1500‐2600 nm spectral range. Optical elements

have been replaced and set up as well as an InSb detector. Single‐wavelength near IR transient

absorption experiments (Excitation: 800; 1300; 1500 nm (various polarizations), Detection: 1500

nm) have been performed to study relaxation dynamics of GaN nanowires on Si at various

excitation wavelengths. These data will also help to test the InGaAs array detector – based

experimental setup.


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As a maturing community, IMR and its members are engaged with outreach activities like never before.

This is motivated by several factors, including increasing the awareness of materials science and

engineering to K‐12 and undergraduate students, educating teachers, providing mechanisms for

broadened appreciation of the breadth of what is materials today both inside OSU and globally, and the

desire to connect students with the external community. Our signature conference event, OSU

Materials Week, is now stronger and larger than ever. Through our partner centers, such as CEM,

CANPBD and others, there are now strong and well organized outreach programs for undergraduates,

including a large REU (Research Experience for Undergraduates) site. Several of our faculty have been

particularly innovative, notably Prof. Glenn Daehn through his leadership of an ASM‐sponsored camp for

high school teachers. This section has been expanded compared to prior reports to better reflect the

significance of these activities.

The 2011 OSU Materials Week conference took place September 12‐14, 2011 at the Ohio Union on

OSU’s Columbus campus. This fourth annual OSU Materials Week was again organized by the IMR,

along with the Center for Emergent Materials, OSU’s NSF MRSEC program. This year’s attendance set a

new record, with 450 attendees including OSU faculty, staff, and students and representatives from 13

other universities, 36 industry collaborators, and national labs and state entities. While our original goal

for Materials Week was to host a largely internal conference to educate our community on the quality

and breadth of materials research at OSU, the growing inclusion of speakers from outside of OSU

coupled with the large external attendance is a testament to the appeal and impact of IMR‐wide

materials research.

A wide variety of materials‐allied disciplines were represented at 2011 OSU Materials Week, which

included 42 presentations by international authorities in plenary sessions on Carbon‐Based Materials

and Biological Materials: From the Nano to Macro Scale, and technical sessions on 2‐D Materials Beyond

Graphene, Materials Design and Catalysis, Thermal Spintronics, and Terahertz (THz) Materials.

OUTREACH AND ENGAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

2011 OSU MATERIALS WEEK CONFERENCE


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A highlight of this year’s Materials Week was a day‐long symposium organized by the Ohio

Manufacturing Institute focused on New Approaches to Lighter, Sustainable Vehicle Materials. This

heavily industry‐focused day attracted dozens of attendees from automotive manufacturers and

suppliers, who joined university engineers and national experts to discuss the role of new materials in

vehicle structure and design.

Two evening student poster session receptions provided a venue for OSU students and postdoctoral

researchers to show off their recent contributions to research. Over 100 research posters were

exhibited at the student poster sessions, and ten OSU students received Best Student Poster awards at a

luncheon reception later that week.

Highlights of this year’s OSU Materials Week included OSU President Dr. Gordon Gee touring a Lotus lightweight vehi‐cle (top left), a wide range of technical sessions (top right), and two student poster sessions (middle) resulting in ten

Best Poster awards (bottom)


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The Institute for Materials Research hosts a colloquia series each academic year, bringing internationally

renowned materials researchers to Ohio State to share the latest findings in their research and have

fruitful discussions with OSU faculty and students. Recognizing that departments, colleges and centers

host a variety of seminars, the goal for the IMR colloquium series is to bring to campus speakers who

have broader appeal to a multidisciplinary audience, to the extent possible. The 2011‐2012 IMR

Colloquia Series brought three outstanding, acclaimed materials scientists in areas of strategic interest

to the IMR community:

Materials Tomography and Femtosecond Lasers, Tresa M. Pollock, Alcoa Professor of Materials and

Department Chair, Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Thursday, May 10,

2012

Abstract: Optimization of the topological features of materials is often key to achieving exceptional

material properties. Several examples of the use of 3‐D structural information for materials

optimization will be shown. A grand challenge, however, is efficient acquisition of 3‐D materials

information. A new tomography approach for nm‐scale characterization of materials over mm3‐scale

volumes will be presented. The use of femtosecond lasers allows for in‐situ layer‐by‐layer material

ablation with high material removal rates. The high pulse frequency (1 kHz) of ultra‐short (150 fs) laser

pulses can induce material ablation with virtually no thermal damage to the surrounding area. This

technique has been demonstrated ex‐situ with optical imaging and more recently in‐situ with a

“TriBeam” approach that combines the femtosecond laser within a focused ion beam platform to permit

high resolution imaging, as well as crystallographic and elemental analysis. Early 3D datasets from the

TriBeam system demonstrate acquisition rates 4 to 6 orders of magnitude faster than focused ion

beam systems.

2011‐2012 IMR COLLOQUIA SERIES

The 2011‐2012 IMR Colloquia Series included talks by Dr. Tresa Pollock, UC Santa Barbara, shown at left with IMR Associate Director Michael Mills and Materials Science and Engineering Professor J.C. Zhao, and Dr. Samuel Stupp, Northwestern University, shown right with Chemistry Professor Josh

Goldberger and IMR Director Steve Ringel


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Made in the U.S.A. – Photovoltaic Energy Solutions, John P. Benner, Executive Director, Bay Area

Photovoltaic Consortium and Stanford University, Tuesday, March 6, 2012

Abstract: News of excess production capacity, predatory pricing, and bankruptcies in the solar energy

business have replaced the exhilaration over 65% compound annual growth rates, record stock

valuations and announcements of large‐scale photovoltaic applications. However, rumors of the death

of this industry are greatly exaggerated. The photovoltaic business is healthy with enviable growth rates

advancing technology on a trajectory to deliver electricity at prices on par with utility rates before 2020.

Unfortunately, U.S. market share of photovoltaic module production continues to decline, clouding the

vision of a nation moving toward energy self‐sufficiency. To address this challenge, the Department of

Energy launched the SunShot Initiative. Advanced Manufacturing Partnerships, the largest project in

SunShot, include a University‐Focused topic to support universities in industry‐relevant R&D, guided by

industry members. The challenge demands great innovation, as the dominant producer, China, provides

manufacturers with substantial benefits from fewer restrictions, faster permitting processes, lower cost

labor, a complete and local supply chain and substantial financial incentives. U.S. manufacturing

leadership must be built upon superior, more innovative technologies delivered at all stages of the value

chain. Great innovation is frequently traced to events bringing together individuals from diverse

backgrounds. The Bay Area Photovoltaic Consortium (BAPVC) provides a vibrant forum for interaction

among industry and academic experts to address critical challenges in PV manufacturing. BAPVC will

find and fund the best university research teams to develop materials, device structures and processes

for manufacturing by our industry members. This presentation will discuss the innovation,

infrastructure and incentives needed to build a leading photovoltaic manufacturing base in the United

States.

Self‐Assembly in Materials Chemistry, Samuel I. Stupp, Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science

and Engineering, and Medicine, Northwestern University, Wednesday, November 9, 2011

Abstract: Self‐assembly has emerged over the past two decades as a chemical strategy to create

materials and devices. Based on lessons from biological systems, this strategy could be extraordinarily

useful to craft highly functional materials from non‐covalent assemblies of molecules and hybrid

structures that imitate biomineralization. In order to harness the potential of the strategy in materials

chemistry, the underlying science needed is a deep understanding of self‐assembly codes based on both

structure and external forces. So far self‐assembly approaches have been developed mostly to organize

molecules on surfaces, create supramolecular nanostructures with internal order, and to generate three

dimensional patterns using phase separation of macromolecules. This lecture will illustrate self‐

assembly strategies to create more complex structures of interest in energy and medicine that have

hierarchical order across scales. In these systems supramolecular self‐assembly codes act synergistically

with other forces to generate functional systems.


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Throughout each year, there are occasions where IMR is approached regarding special seminars. This

section provides a brief summary of those seminars. Note that the Center for Emergent Materials’

seminar series is partially supported by IMR, and therefore is included here.

IMR SPECIAL SEMINARS

In addition to the IMR Colloquia Series, the IMR also hosted a special seminar this fiscal year:

Chemical Strategies in Nanoscience, Stanislaus S. Wong, Professor, Department of Chemistry, State

University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook and Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Sciences

Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, September 30, 2011

Abstract: In the first part of the talk, we update selected chemical strategies used for the focused

functionalization of single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) surfaces. In recent years, SWNTs have been

treated as legitimate nanoscale chemical reagents. Hence, herein we seek to understand, from a

structural and mechanistic perspective, the breadth and types of controlled covalent reactions SWNTs

can undergo in solution phase, not only at ends and defect sites but also along sidewalls. Controllable

chemical functionalization suggests that the unique optical, electronic and mechanical properties of

SWNTs can be much more readily tuned than ever before, with key implications for the generation of

truly functional nanoscale working devices. In the second part of the talk, environmentally friendly

synthetic methodologies have gradually been implemented as viable techniques in the synthesis of a

range of nanostructures. In this work, we focus on the applications of green chemistry principles to the

synthesis of metal‐containing nanostructures. In particular, we describe advances in the use of template

‐directed techniques as environmentally sound, socially responsible, and cost‐effective methodologies

that allow us to generate nanomaterials without the need to sacrifice on sample quality, purity,

crystallinity, in addition to control over size and shape. We have subsequently created a number of

different potential architecture systems for gaining valuable insights into fuel cell and photovoltaic

performance.

CEM SEMINAR SERIES

The Center for Emergent Materials hosts a seminar series annually, and during Fiscal Year 2012 the

MRSEC program hosted or co‐hosted with other OSU departments five seminars featuring experts

discussing research relevant to the CEM’s mission. The Institute for Materials Research provides direct

cost share support to the CEM, and a portion of those funds cover the CEM Seminar Series’ expenses.

OTHER IMR‐SUPPORTED SEMINARS


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Correlated Electrons at the Interfaces of Complex Oxides, Jak Chakhalian, Professor of Physics,

University of Arkansas, Wednesday, October 5, 2011

Abstract: Complex oxides are a class of materials characterized by a variety of competing interactions

that create a subtle balance to define the lowest energy state and lead to a wide diversity of interesting

properties (e.g. high Tc superconductivity, exotic magnetism,…). By utilizing the bulk properties of these

materials as a starting point, interfaces between different classes of correlated oxides offer a unique

opportunity to break the symmetries present in the bulk and alter the local environment. Using our

ability to growth multilayered structures with unit cell precision, we can now combine materials with

distinctly different and even competing orders to create new materials and quantum states. The broken

symmetry, strain, and altered chemical environments at the interfaces then provide a unique laboratory

to manipulate this subtle balance to create novel states and structures not attainable in bulk.

Understanding of these electronic phases however requires detailed microscopic studies of the

heterostructure properties. Here I will touch on several recent examples of interfaces of correlated

cuprates, manganites and nickelates to illustrate how the application of synchrotron radiation offers the

ability to probe bulk vs. interface properties to gain exclusive insight into the exciting underlying physics.

Listening to the spin noise of electrons and holes in semiconductor quantum structures, Scott Crooker,

Technical Staff Member National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Lab, Thursday,

January 19, 2012

Abstract: This talk describes how we measure electron and hole spin dynamics in semiconductor

quantum structures by passively listening to these small spin noise signals. We employ a spin noise

spectrometer based on a sensitive optical Faraday rotation magnetometer that is coupled to a digitizer

and field‐programmable gate array (FPGA), to measure and average noise spectra from 0‐1 GHz

continuously in real time (no experimental dead time) with picoradian/root‐Hz sensitivity. This

approach, applied originally to paramagnetic atomic vapors, is now being used to measure spin noise

from electron Fermi seas in n‐type GaAs and, more recently, from electron and hole spins that are

localized in self‐assembled InGaAs quantum dot ensembles. Both electron and hole spin fluctuations

generate distinct noise peaks, whose shift and broadening with magnetic field directly reveal their g‐

factors and dephasing rates. These noise signals actually increase as the probed volume shrinks,

suggesting possible routes towards non‐perturbative, sourceless magnetic resonance of few‐spin

systems. Some very recent data addressing the non‐Markovian dynamics of holes coupled to a nuclear

spin bath will also be discussed.

High sensitivity (atto‐Newton) force detection, magnetic resonance, spin fluctuation in mesoscopic

system, low temperature physics, KC Fong, Postdoctoral Scholar, Prof. Keith Schwab’s group, California

Institute of Technology, Thursday, January 26, 2012

Spintronics in Superconducting‐Ferromagnetic Devices, among other topics , Jim Sauls, Professor of

Physics, Northwestern University, Monday, February 13, 2012


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Nano‐engineered Materials: Opportunities and Challenges, Pulickel M. Ajayan, Benjamin M. and Mary

Greenwood Anderson Professor in Engineering, Rice University, March 8, 2012

Abstract: The talk will focus on opportunities and challenges in the engineering of nano‐materials for

various applications. Carbon nanostructures, including carbon nanotubes and graphene, will be used as

examples to demonstrate the perspective in nanoscale engineering and nanomaterials development.

The last couple of decades have seen advances in nanotechnology with promises in many areas of

science and technology. Several exciting developments in recent years allow us to formulate strategies

to develop the next generation of nanostructured materials in controllable and scalable ways. The talk

will focus on various aspects such as synthesis, assembly, nanoscale junctions and interfaces, 3D

nanostructured materials, 2D atomic layers, nanocomposites etc., and discuss a variety of important

issues in the development of nanomaterials based technologies.

Ohio State’s materials community is deeply engaged with and committed to high impact and innovative

programs of outreach and engagement, reaching K‐12 students, under‐represented groups,

undergraduate researchers, K‐12 teachers, graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. Many of

these programs are required core efforts within various centers (especially NSF centers), and several

programs have been developed and run by clusters of faculty members. This section provides a

collection of these activities by the various IMR‐supported centers along with other activities that fully

encompass the breadth of materials research and education at OSU.

CENTER FOR EMERGENT MATERIALS (CEM) EDUCATION AND

OUTREACH

The Center for Emergent Materials (CEM), an NSF MRSEC program at Ohio State, is having a broad

impact on materials research and researchers at OSU and beyond, and is advancing science with

substantial potential to strengthen the US economy and improve well‐being. In this reporting period the

CEM as a whole was engaged in education, training, and outreach programs that have impacted over

9,000 K‐12 students, 98 K‐12 teachers, over 1,000 undergraduates in classes, 17 undergraduate

researchers, 38 graduate students, and 8 postdoctoral scholars. This section provides short updates on

just a few of the many outreach and engagement activities CEM led during Fiscal Year 2011‐2012. Full

details on all CEM programs can be found in CEM’s annual report.

FACULTY AND STUDENT OUTREACH AND ENGAGEMENT ACTIVITIES


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CEM SUMMER RESEARCH EXPERIENCE FOR UNDERGRADUATES

PROGRAM

The Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program had 8 students (5 female, 1 from

underrepresented minority groups and 1 with a declared disability) during summer 2011. During the

2011‐2012 academic year, 7 students (2 female, and 2 underrepresented minority) completed the

program. Successful recruitment of high‐quality REU students from diverse backgrounds is a key

accomplishment. The program ran June‐August 2011 and was presented in conjunction with the OSU

Summer Undergraduate Research Institute (SURI), which enhances the experience of undergraduate

researchers through a series of enrichment programs, both professional and social. In addition to the

SURI activities, the CEM summer program offered workshops on machine shop skills, GRE preparation,

presenting research with posters, a “What can I do with a Ph.D.?” panel discussion with guest speakers

from industry, academia and government laboratories, and weekly community‐building lunches. The

summer culminated with oral and poster presentations to CEM faculty and students.

Also during Summer 2011, CEM member and Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Leonard

Brillson organized a research program for high school students from the Columbus School for Girls

(CSG). Five students worked in OSU research labs and one student was supported by CEM. Throughout

the summer, all 5 girls, as well as their graduate student mentors, participated in the weekly lunches and

professional development opportunities offered by the CEM Summer REU Program. Additionally, two

mentoring lunches were organized for the girls with female faculty members.

CEM ACADEMIC YEAR RESEARCH EXPERIENCE FOR

UNDERGRADUATES PROGRAM

To encourage OSU undergraduate students to become involved in research, the Center for Emergent

Materials offers an Academic Year REU Program. The Academic Year REU Program students participated

in workshops on presenting research with scientific posters, to help them prepare to present their

research at the 2012 Denman Undergraduate Research Forum, a university‐wide poster competition

showcasing outstanding student research, held on May 9, 2012. The students will submit research

papers at the end of the academic year and give an oral presentation to CEM faculty and students.

CEM‐ASM MATERIALS CAMPS FOR TEACHERS

During summer 2011, the OSU Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ASM Education

Foundation offered two ASM Materials Camps for High School Teachers, which provide the opportunity

for teachers to work hands‐on with metals, ceramics, polymers and composites and learn how to

incorporate these activities and demos into their science classes. Led each summer by Professor and

IMR member Glenn Daehn, Materials Science and Engineering, the ASM Materials Camp teaches


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educators about the real‐world application of materials science and how to share its relevance to their

students’ lives. The Advanced Camp was offered a fourth time and was attended by 26 teachers. The

basic form of the camp, offered by the Education Foundation at over 20 sites around the country,

provides teachers with an introductory exposure to materials‐related topics, including hands‐on

exercises and other curricular materials. In 2008, OSU initiated an advanced camp for alumni of

introductory camps to provide deeper exposure and more curriculum development support to teachers

interested in offering Materials Science electives at their schools. In Summer 2011, 17 teachers

primarily from central Ohio attended the introductory camp at OSU, and 27 teachers from 10 states and

Canada attended the advanced camp. Four of the advanced camp attendees had already offered a

materials course at their schools; 4 more were scheduled to do so in the 2011‐2012 school year. The

Center for Emergent Materials MRSEC program at Ohio State is also participating in the CORE – MRSEC

Evaluation Partnership and the Advanced Camp has been the area of focus for the partnership.

Specifically, CEM has evaluated the camp activities that the teachers use in their classrooms and begun

investigating the misconceptions that high school students and teachers have regarding materials

science. Four of the advanced camp attendees had already offered a materials course at their schools; 4

more were scheduled to do so in the 2011‐2012 school year.

CEM INTERACTIONS WITH THE CENTER OF SCIENCE AND

INDUSTRY (COSI)

IMR member Professor Nandini Trivedi, Physics, led an effort to collaborate with COSI (Center of Science

and Industry), a world‐renowned science museum, to produce innovative informal education outreach

programs that showcase materials science. Last fall, Prof. Trivedi and OSU students presented physics‐

related demonstrations to over 3,500 visitors during the Festival of Physics celebration held on October

15 and 16, 2011. On May 5, 2012, Center for Emergent Materials’ fellows participated by presenting

materials‐related demonstrations to over 1,000 visitors during the Nanomaterials Day at COSI.

CEM LABVIEW SHORT COURSE

The Center for Emergent Materials sponsored a 3‐week LabVIEW Short Course in February 2012. The

Short Course was taught by Dr. Jan Jacob of University of Hamburg, who has developed many LabVIEW‐

based measurement and control applications for transport measurements in low‐temperature and high‐

magnetic‐field environments. He has also created control software applications for sample processing

plants; automated image processing and pattern detection for tracking of magnetic singularities in X‐Ray

microscopy experiments; and numerical simulations for spin and charge transport in semiconductor

nanostructures. Dr. Jacob has collaborated with CEM Fellow Andrew Berger (Hammel’s lab) to develop

LabVIEW control software for an FPGA‐based scanned‐probe microscope controller.

The LabVIEW Short Course met 9 times over 3 weeks for 2 hours each session. The topics covered were

extensive and ranged from general approaches to software development, debugging and error handling,


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data storage, data acquisition, common program architectures, event driven programming, user

interface control, and executables/ installers. Participants were required to bring a laptop with LabVIEW

installed (a 30‐day demo version was available for free) to each session so they could participate in

programming exercises and gain first‐hand experience with LabVIEW.

CEM WORKSHOP ON MAGNETIC DOMAINS

A Workshop on Magnetic Domains, co‐sponsored by the Center for Emergent Materials and the

Nanosystems Laboratory, was held in September 2011. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, of IFW Dresden, came to OSU

to speak at the three‐day workshop. Dr. Schäfer is a world‐renowned expert on magnetism and

magnetic domains. He co‐authored a monograph, “Magnetic Domains. The Analysis of Magnetic

Microstructures,” a fundamental book on magnetic domain theory, observation techniques and

interpretation. The workshop covered such topics as the history of magnetic domain research, domain

formation by energy minimization, magnetization processes, domains in iron(‐like) materials, domains in

amorphous and nanocrystalline materials, domains in soft magnetic films, and domain imaging. The

average attendance over the three‐day workshop was 25 attendees, and was comprised of

undergraduate and graduate students, post doctoral researchers, faculty and research staff.

This Fiscal Year, the Center for Emergent Materials hosted a LabVIEW software course (left) and a Workshop on Magnetic Domains (right) for OSU faculty, research staff, and students.


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CENTER FOR AFFORDABLE NANOENGINEERING OF POLYMER

BIOMEDICAL DEVICES (CANPBD) EDUCATION AND OUTREACH

The Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymer Biomedical Devices (CANPBD), an NSF NSEC

program at Ohio State, has also made good progress in teaching, training, outreach and diversity in the

past year. In addition to the ongoing three graduate core courses, CANPBD has continued to offer and

update 20 courses and on‐line modules. Through these course developments, the core of an

undergraduate minor and graduate certificate in nanobiotechnology continues to be developed as a

new option when OSU converts to semester in 2012. The graduate fellows of CANPBD continue to

participate through a student organization (CONGS) to better integrate the student researchers, take

an active role in major center activities, and provide a social fabric for the center. In a newly developed

program, we have paired many CONGS members with industrial mentors from Battelle to enhance

their understanding of technology transfer and commercialization. Outreach to K‐12 reached 522

students and 42 teachers in the past year through visits to center laboratories and the teacher

workshop, and many thousands of students through on‐line activities through the Edheads on‐line

resource (www.edheads.org). In diversity, the CEM continued growth in the number of

underrepresented faculty and student participants in the past year, such that the Center now

compares favorably with national averages in nearly every measure. We continue to work to establish

a culture that values and promotes diversity, recruit and retain members of underrepresented groups

among undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty. We have moved aggressively to recruit new

graduate students from underrepresented groups to academic departments that participate in NSEC,

offer them fellowship support, and mentor them to insure their progress to the PhD. We are currently

offering summer support to three prospective graduate students from underrepresented groups to

enable them to work with CANPBD faculty prior to starting their graduate studies. Our goal is to

encourage them to choose OSU for graduate study, and to provide a bridge experience to enhance

their chance for success in graduate school. We are also actively seeking external advisors for our

students through outreach and collaboration activities taking place with industry and medical doctors.

One effort that has achieved noticeable results has been the pursuit of a close relationship with

Battelle Memorial Institute, a world‐renown, non‐profit research and development organization in

close proximity to OSU. Twelve scientists from Battelle were recruited to individually mentor CANPBD

graduate students. Finally, our international collaboration activities remained strong this past year in

Asia, Europe, the Middle East and South America.


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Since Spring 2009, the Institute for Materials Research has published IMR Quarterly, a quarterly

newsletter with technical articles highlighting materials‐allied research, and newsworthy information

relevant to materials at The Ohio State University. IMR administrative staff members collect

information from various subject matter experts throughout campus for each newsletter, including

activities within the many federal, state and industry supported materials research and innovation

centers, updates on research funded by IMR grants, facility updates, recently awarded grants, and

other materials research news. The publication highlights one or two IMR members per issue as well,

with technical overviews of their research and recent discoveries. This fiscal year, IMR again published

three quarterly newsletters, all available online at IMR’s website and distributed by mail to

approximately 1,500 readers on campus and to 600 individuals from national labs, other universities,

and industry partners.

During Fiscal Year 2012, the IMR Quarterly newsletter featured stories on several materials‐allied

research projects conducted by IMR members, including the following articles:

“MOCVD Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanowire Heterostructures for Investigations of 1D

Spin Physics,” featuring Fengyuan Yang, Physics; Ezekiel Johnston‐Halperin, Physics; John

Carlin, Institute for Materials Research

“Probing High Frequency Acoustics with Light,” featuring R. Sooryakumar, Physics

IMR QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER

Three issues of the IMR Quarterly newsletter were published during FY 2012, featuring articles on OSU researchers working in a wide range of materials‐allied reacrch including biomaterials, semiconductors, lightweight vehicles, and

acoustics.


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“Exploring Thermal Spintronics: OSU Interdisciplinary Research Team Contributing to the

Spin‐Seebeck Effect Knowledge Base,” featuring Roberto Myers, Materials Science and

Engineering; Joseph Heremans, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; and Ezekiel

Johnston‐Halperin, Physics

“Faculty Spotlight” features on Gunjan Agarwal, Biomedical Engineering; Malcolm Chisholm,

Chemistry; and Michael Paulaitis, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering


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The Institute for Materials Research is supported by the OSU Office of Research, the College of

Engineering, and the Division of Natural and Mathematic Sciences of the College of Arts and Sciences,

through a three‐year renewable memorandum of understanding. Each entity provides equal 1/3

shares of the base IMR support, which totaled $908,176 in FY12. As a result of this direct support at

the college and Office of Research level, IMR does not receive cash from the return on indirect

expenses via faculty‐led externally funded research projects, since faculty maintain full appointments

in their home departments, and are not appointed into IMR directly. This is the current policy of the

Office of Research with regards to Institute and Center support.

In the early part of FY11, the formal operation and unit reporting responsibility of the OSU Nanotech

West Laboratory was transferred from the College of Engineering to the IMR. This formal move aligned

the unit authority with the actual technical facility management that is already in place, since the

Nanotech Director already reported to the IMR Director. The Nanotech West operating budget,

including rent of the entire building, all utilities, personnel, etc., is supported by an agreement

between the Office of Research, the College of Engineering and the IMR, with the IMR contribution

being solely derived from user fee income from the facility.

Figure 8. Fiscal Year 2011‐2012 Total IMR Expenses by Major Category.

FINANCIAL REPORT

Administrative Personnel$ 555,272

22%

Technical Personnel$ 823,730

33%

Equipment/Capital Investment $22,090

1%

FY12 Seed Grants$304,859

12% Proposal Development Support$ 9,500

< 1%

Additional Support of Prime Materials Research Centers

$ 97,1524%

IMR Operating Expenses$ 107,729

4%NTW Operating Expenses

$ 601,09824%

IMR Total Expenses for Fiscal Year 2011‐2012(includes Nanotech West)


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Table 2: IMR total expenses including Nanotech West for fiscal year 2011‐2012.

I n s t i t u t e f o r Ma t e r i a l s R e s e a r c h Total Expenses Fiscal Year 2011‐2012

Administrative Personnel

Includes salary and fringe for IMR and Nanotech West staff (including 1/2 of NTW Director) and student employ‐ees, plus Quarter Off Duty payments for Associate Direc‐

tors

Total Administrative Personnel $555,272

Technical Personnel Includes salary and fringe for 1/2 of NTW Director and

Members of Technical Staff

Total Technical Personnel $823,730

Equipment/Capital Investment

Total Equipment/Capital Investment $22,090

Seed Grants Includes IMR Facility and Industry Challenge Grants; OSU

Materials Research Seed Grant Program

Total Seed Grants $304,859

Proposal Development Support

Total Proposal Development Support $9,500

Additional Support of Prime Materials Research Centers

Total Additional Support of Prime Materials Research Centers $97,152

Core Operating Expenses

IMR Operating Expenses $107,729

NTW Operating Expenses

Administrative Supplies $13,126

Building Expenses $40,242

Lab Supplies and Services $229,585

Lab Equipment and Repair $277,368

Mailing Services/Communications Expenses $12,008

Overhead $28,769

Total NTW Operating Expenses $601,098

Total IMR and NTW Operating Expenses $708,827

Total Expenses $2,521,430


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Appendices

Appendix A: Members of the Institute for Materials Research (IMR) As of July 2012 Appendix B: Research Outputs from OSU Materials Community Directly Resulting from IMR Resources and Activities for Fiscal Year 2011 – 2012 Peer-Reviewed Publications Professional Presentations External Research Funding

Appendix C: Activities of Members of Technical Staff (MTS) for Fiscal Year 2011 – 2012 Dr. John Carlin, Research Scientist, Nanotech West Laboratory Dr. Evgeny Danilov, Senior Research Associate, Center for Chemical and

Biophysical Dynamics Dr. Robert J. Davis, Director, Nanotech West Laboratory and Associate

Director, Institute for Materials Research Appendix D: 2011 – 2012 IMR Facility Grant Awards


Page 93

Appendix A

Members of the Institute for Materials Research (IMR) As of July 2012


Page 94

Sudha Agarwal, Oral Biology

Gunjan Agarwal, Biomedical Engineering

Kristy Ainslie, Pharmacy

Sheikh Akbar, Materials Science and Engineering

Boian Alexandrov, Materials Science and Engineering

Heather Allen, Chemistry

Betty Lise Anderson, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Peter Anderson, Materials Science and Engineering

Mirela Anghelina, Davis Heart and Lung Institute

Sudarsanam Suresh Babu, Materials Science and Engineering

Jovica Badjic, Chemistry

Yakup Bayram, Electroscience Laboratory

Thomas Bean, Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering

Jim Beatty, Physics

Stephen Bechtel, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Avraham Benatar, Materials Science and Engineering

Paul Berger, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Bharat Bhushan, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Thomas Blue, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Dennis Bong, Chemistry

Leonard Brillson, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Rudy Buchheit, Materials Science and Engineering

Ralf Bundschuh, Physics

Lei (Raymond) Cao, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

John Carlin, Institute for Materials Research

Carlos Castro, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Jose Castro, Integrated Systems Engineering

Jeffrey Chalmers, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Malcolm Chisholm, Chemistry

William Clark, Materials Science and Engineering

James Coe, Chemistry

Edward Collings, Materials Science and Engineering

Terry Conlisk, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Stuart Cooper, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Katrina Cornish, Horticulture and Crop Science

Glenn Daehn, Materials Science and Engineering


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Evgeny Danilov, Institute for Materials Research

Marcelo Dapino, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Robert Davis, Institute for Materials Research

Frank De Lucia, Physics

Suliman Dregia, Materials Science and Engineering

Charles Drummond, Materials Science and Engineering

Prabir Dutta, Chemistry

Arthur Epstein, Physics

Edward Eteshola, Biomedical Engineering

Liang-Shih Fan, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Dave Farson, Materials Science and Engineering

Gerald Frankel, Materials Science and Engineering

Hamish Fraser, Materials Science and Engineering

Richard Freeman, Physics

Josh Goldberger, Chemistry

Keith Gooch, Biomedical Engineering

Jianjun Guan, Materials Science and Engineering

Yann Guezennec, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Prabhat Gupta, Materials Science and Engineering

Jay Gupta, Physics

Terry Gustafson, Chemistry

Nathan Hall, Radiology

P. Chris Hammel, Physics

Derek Hansford, Biomedical Engineering

Richard Hart, Biomedical Engineering

Joseph Heremans, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Anton Heyns, Chemistry

Julia Higle, Integrated Systems Engineering

George Hinkle, Pharmacy

W.S. Winston Ho, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin, Physics

Waleed Khalil, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Matt Kleinhenz, Horticulture and Crop Science

Kurt Koelling, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Ashok Krishnamurthy, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Gregory Lafyatis, Physics

John Lannutti, Materials Science and Engineering

L. James Lee, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Robert Lee, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Robert J. Lee, Pharmacy


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Stephen Lee, Biomedical Engineering

Thomas Lemberger, Physics

Yebo Li, Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering

John Lippold, Materials Science and Engineering

Wu Lu, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Anthony Luscher, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Peter March, Natural and Mathematical Sciences

Edward Martin Jr., Surgery Oncology

Chia-Hsiang Menq, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Carolyn Merry, Civil, Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Sciences

Fred Michel Jr., Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering

Sharell Mikesell, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center and Industry Liason Office

Terry Miller, Chemistry

Michael Mills, Materials Science and Engineering

Nicanor Moldovan, Davis Heart and Lung Institute

John Morral, Materials Science and Engineering

Patricia Morris, Materials Science and Engineering

Randy Moses, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Roberto Myers, Materials Science and Engineering

Stephen Myers, Ohio Bioproducts Innovation Center

Susan Olesik, Chemistry

Michael Ostrowski, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

Umit Ozkan, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Andre Palmer, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Wendy Panero, School of Earth Sciences

Jon Parquette, Chemistry

Srinivasan Parthasarathy, Computer Science and Engineering

Michael Paulaitis, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Denis Pelekhov, Institute for Materials Research

Jonathan Pelz, Physics

Matthew Platz, Chemistry

Michael Poirier, Physics

Stephen Povoski, Surgery Oncology

Heather Powell, Materials Science and Engineering

Shaurya Prakash, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Aimee Price, Institute for Materials Research

Siddarth Rajan, Electrical and Computer Engineering


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Mohit Randeria, Physics

Bill Ravlin, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center

Ronald Reano, Electrical and Computer Engineering

David Rigney, Materials Science and Engineering

Matthew Ringel, Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics

Steven Ringel, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Giorgio Rizzoni, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Patrick Roblin, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Thomas Rosol, Surgery Oncology

Gang Ruan, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Mark Rudner, Physics

Yogeshwar Sahai, Materials Science and Engineering

Scott Schricker, Dentistry

Kubilay Sertel, Electroscience Laboratory

Sadhana Sharma, Pharmacy

Scott Shearer, Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering

Sherwin Singer, Chemistry

Ratnasingham Sooryakumar, Physics

Krishnaswamy Srinivasan, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Doru Stefanescu, Materials Science and Engineering

David Stroud, Physics

Vishwanath Subramaniam, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Michael Sumption, Materials Science and Engineering

David Tomasko, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Nandini Trivedi, Physics

Claudia Turro, Chemistry

George Valco, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Murugesan Velayutham, Davis Heart and Lung Institute

Hendrik Verweij, Materials Science and Engineering

Yael Vodovotz, Food Science Technology

John Volakis, Electrical and Computer Engineering

Robert Wagoner, Materials Science and Engineering

Eric Walton, Electroscience Laboratory

Yunzhi Wang, Materials Science and Engineering

Marvin White, Electrical and Computer Engineering

John Wilkins, Physics


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James Williams, Materials Science and Engineering

Wolfgang Windl, Materials Science and Engineering

Jessica Winter, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

David Wood, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Patrick Woodward, Chemistry

Yiying Wu, Chemistry

Ronald Xu, Biomedical Engineering

Fengyuan Yang, Physics

Allen Yi, Integrated Systems Engineering

Sheng-Tao John Yu, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Yi Zhao, Biomedical Engineering

Ji-Cheng Zhao, Materials Science and Engineering

Yuan Zheng, Electrical and Computer Engineering


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Appendix B

Research Outputs from OSU Materials Community Directly Resulting from IMR Resources and Activities

for Fiscal Year 2011 – 2012

Peer-Reviewed Publications Professional Presentations External Research Funding


Page 100

Note: This list relies on self reporting and is likely to be underestimated; an asterisk (*) indicates those items obtained through leveraging more than one IMR-supported activity; this list does not include the many publications in preparation or pending publication

Suresh Babu

S. S. Babu, “In pursuit of optimum welding system design for steels,” Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2011, Vol. 16, pp. 306 - 312

D. Schick, S. S. Babu, D. Foster, M. Short, M. Dapino, and J. C. Lippold, “Transient Thermal Response in Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing of Aluminum 3003,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 17 Iss: 5, pp.369 – 379, 2011

S. C. Nagpure, R. G. Downing, B. Bhushan, S. S. Babu, L. Cao, “Neutron depth profiling technique for studying aging in Li-ion batteries,” Electrochimica Acta, 2011, Vol 56, No. 13, pp. 4735-4743

S. S. Babu, “Ex-situ and In-situ Techniques for Visualization of Weld Microstructure,” (Translated to Japanese by organizers of the symposium on The Frontline of the Welding Science and Technology in the World), Journal of the Japan Welding Society, 2011, Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 64 – 69

S. S. Babu and S. A. David “Advanced characterization techniques to understand welded structures,” Editorial for Special Issue on Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2011, Vol. 16, pp. 1-2

J. M. Vitek and S. S. Babu, “Multiscale characterization of weldments,” Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2011, Vol. 16, pp. 3-11

X. Yu, J. Caron, S. S. Babu, J. C. Lippold, D. Isheim, D. Seidman, “Characterization of microstructural strengthening of the heat-affected-zone of a blast resistant Naval steel,” Acta Materialia, 2010, Vol. 58, pp. 5596 – 5609 & Corrigendum to the paper was published in Acta Materialia, 2011, Vol. 59, pp. 5596-5609

Stephen Bechtel

S. Chakrabarti and M.J. Dapino, “Coupled axisymmetric finite element model of a hydraulically-amplified

magnetostrictive actuator for active powertrain mounts,” Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, Vol. 60, pp. 25-34, November 2012.

S. Chakrabarti and M.J. Dapino, “Nonlinear finite element model for 3D Galfenol systems,” Smart

Materials and Structures, Vol. 20, No. 10, 105034, October 2011

P.J. Wolcott, C.D. Hopkins, L. Zhang, and M.J. Dapino, “Smart switch metamaterials for multiband radio frequency antennas,” Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 22, Issue 13, 1469 - 1478, September 2011


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S. Santapuri, S.E. Bechtel, “A Two-Dimensional Theory of Coupled Electro-Magneto-Mechanical Plates as an Application to Load-Bearing Antenna Structures,” Proceedings of the 18th SPIE International Symposium, Vol. 7978, 79781J, 6-10 March 2011, San Diego, CA

Bharat Bhushan

Palacio, M. L. B., Schricker, S. R. and Bhushan, B. (2011), “Bioadhesion of various proteins on random, diblock and triblock copolymer surfaces and the effect of pH conditions,” J. R. Soc. Interface 8, 630-640.

Schricker, S. R., Palacio, M. L. B. and Bhushan, B. (2011), “Protein adhesion of block copolymer surfaces,” Colloid Polym. Sci. 289, 219-225.

Dennis Bong

Y. Zeng, Y. Pratumyot, X. Piao and D, Bong. "Discrete assembly of synthetic peptide-DNA triplex structures from polyvalent melamine-thymine bifacial recognition." J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2012, 134(2), pp 832-835.

M. Ma and D. Bong. "Protein assembly directed by synthetic molecular recognition motifs." Org. Biomol. Chem., 2011 DOI: 10.1039/C1OB05998J

M. Ma and D. Bong. "Determinants of cyanuric acid and melamine assembly in water" Langmuir, 2011, 27, 8841-8853

O. Torres and D. Bong. "Determinants of membrane activity from mutational analysis of the HIV fusion peptide" Biochemistry, 2011, dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi200696s

M. Ma and D. Bong. "Stabilization of vesicular and supported membranes by glycolipid oxime polymers" Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 2853-2855

M. Ma and D. Bong."Directed peptide assembly at the lipid-water interface cooperatively enhances membrane binding and activity." Langmuir, 2011, 27, 1480-1486

S. Bandyopadhyay and D. Bong. "Synthesis of trifunctional phosphatidylserine probes for identification of lipid-binding proteins." Eur. J. Org. Chem, 2011, 2011, 751-758

S. Bhattacharjee and D. Bong. "Protein-polymer grafts via a soy protein derived macro-RAFT chain transfer agent" J. Polym. Environ., 2011, 19, 203-208

M. Ma, S. Chatterjee, M. Zhang, D. Bong, "Stabilization of vesicular and supported membranes by oxime linked trehalose lipids," Chemical Communications, 2011, 47, 2853-2855

Malcolm Chisholm

Brown-Xu, Samantha E.; Chisholm, Malcolm H.; Gallucci, Judith C.; Ghosh, Yagnaseni; Gustafson, Terry L.; Reed, Carly R., "Furan- and selenophene-2-carboxylato derivatives of dimolybdenum and ditungsten


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(M quadrolpe bond M): a comparison of their chemical and photophysical properties," Dalton Transactions (2012), 41(8), 2257-2263*

Alberding, Brian G.; Chisholm, Malcolm H.; Gustafson, Terry L., "Detection of the Singlet and Triplet MM δδ* States in Quadruply Bonded Dimetal Tetracarboxylates (M = Mo, W) by Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy," Inorganic Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) (2012), 51(1), 491-498*

Chisholm, Malcolm H.; Lear, Benjamin J., "M2δ to ligand π-conjugation: test-beds for current theories of mixed valence in ground and photoexcited states of molecular systems," Chemical Society Reviews (2011), 40(11), 5254-5265

Alberding, Brian G.; Chisholm, Malcolm H.; Lear, Benjamin J.; Naseri, Vesal; Reed, Carly R., "Synthesis and characterization of trans-M2(TiPB)2(O2C-CH:CH-2-C4H3S)2 (M = Mo or W) and comments on the metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands in MM quadruply bonded complexes of the type trans-M2(TiPB)2L2, where TiPB = 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate and L = π-accepting carboxylate ligand," Dalton Transactions (2011), 40(40), 10658-10663*

Chisholm, Malcolm H., "Oligothiophenes incorporating MM quadruple bonds: syntheses and optoelectronic properties," Polymer Preprints (American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry) (2011), 52(2), 838-839

Alberding, Brian G.; Chisholm, Malcolm H.; Gallucci, Judith C.; Ghosh, Yagnaseni; Gustafson, Terry L., "Electron delocalization in the S1 and T1 metal-to-ligand charge transfer states of trans-substituted metal quadruply bonded complexes," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2011), 108(20), 8152-8156, S8152/1-S8152/6*

Bunting, Philip; Chisholm, Malcolm H.; Gallucci, Judith C.; Lear, Benjamin J., "Extent of M2δ to Ligand π-Conjugation in Neutral and Mixed Valence States of Bis(4-isonicotinate)-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate) Dimetal Complexes (MM), Where M = Mo or W, and Their Adducts with Tris(pentafluorophenyl)boron,"

Journal of the American Chemical Society (2011), 133(15), 5873-5881

Alberding, Brian G.; Chisholm, Malcolm H.; Ghosh, Yagnaseni; Gustafson, Terry L., "Excited state mixed valency in the MLCT states of paddlewheel compounds involving quadruple bonds between molybdenum and tungstenm," Abstracts of Papers, 241st ACS National Meeting & Exposition, Anaheim, CA, United States, March 27-31, 2011 (2011), INOR-1045*

Reed, Carly R.; Alberding, Brian G.; Chisholm, Malcolm H.; Turro, Claudia, "Electronic communication and photophysical properties of the ground and excited states in quadruply bonded dimetal complexes," Abstracts of Papers, 241st ACS National Meeting & Exposition, Anaheim, CA, United States, March 27-31, 2011 (2011), INOR-1044*


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Katrina Cornish

Linton, D., Chavan, V., Xie, W., McMahan, C.M, Cornish, K., Quirk, R., Puskas, J.E., A study on synthetic

isoprene incorporation into natural rubber. Proceedings International Symposium on Ionic Polymerizations Conference, Akron, Ohio, 2011.

Cornish, K., Performance related biochemical regulation of rubber production in Hevea brasiliensis and/or alternative rubber plants. In:Rubber Latex Technology, Volume 1, 87-98, publ. Rubber Industry Academy. 2011.

Cornish, K., Alternative Natural Rubber Latices: Safety and Performance, In: Rubber Latex Technology, Volume 1, 78-86, publ. Rubber Industry Academy. 2011.

Marcelo Dapino

C.D. Hopkins, P.J. Wolcott, M.J. Dapino, A.G. Truog, S.S. Babu, and S.A. Fernandez, "Optimizing ultrasonic additive manufactured Al 3003 properties with statistical modeling," ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Volume 134, Issue 1, 011004, January 2012

D. Schick, S. S. Babu, D. Foster, M. Short, M. Dapino, and J. C. Lippold, “Transient Thermal Response in Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing of Aluminum 3003,” Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 17 Iss: 5, pp.369 – 379, 2011

C.D. Hopkins, M.J. Dapino, S.A. Fernandez, “Statistical characterization of Ti/Al composites made by Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing,'' ASME Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Volume 132, Issue 4, 041006, 2010

P.J. Wolcott, Z. Wang, M.J. Dapino, and L. Zhang, "Planar RF antenna reconfiguration with Ni-Ti shape memory alloys," Proceedings of ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, September 18-21, 2011, Phoenix, Arizona.

P.J. Wolcott, C.D. Hopkins, L. Zhang, M.J. Dapino, "Smart switch metamaterials for multiband radio frequency antennas," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Vol. 22, issue 13, 1469-1470, September 25, 2011 1045389X11414085

Arthur Epstein

L. Fang, K.D. Bozdag, C.-Y. Chen, P.A. Truitt, A.J. Epstein, and E. Johnston-Halperin, "Electrical Spin Injection from an Organic-based Magnet in a Hybrid Organic/inorganic Heterostructure," Physical Review Letters 106, 156602-1/4 (2011)

C.-Y. Kao, J.-W. Yoo, and A. J. Epstein, "Molecular Layer Deposition of an Organic-based Magnetic Laminate," ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 4, 137-141(2012).


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B. Li, C.-Y. Kao, J.-W. Yoo, V. N. Prigodin, and A. J. Epstein, "Magnetoresistance in an All-Organic-Based Spin Valve," Advanced Materials 23, 3382-3386 (2011).

J.H. Park, A.R. Carter, L.M. Mier, C.-Y. Kao, S.A.M. Lewis, R.P. Nandyala, Y. Min, and A.J. Epstein, "Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Nano-Fabric Heterojunction Structure," Applied Physics Letters 100, 073301/1-4 (2012).

B. Li, M. Zhou, Y. Lub, C.-Y. Kao, J.-W. Yoo, V.N. Prigodin, and A.J. Epstein, "Effect of Organic Spacer in an Organic Spin Valve using Organic Magnetic Semiconductor V[TCNE]x," Organic Electronics 13, 1261–1265 (2012)

Joshua Goldberger

Y.H. Liu, S. H. Porter, J. Goldberger, “Dimensional Reduction of a Layered Metal Chalcogenide into a 1D Near-IR Direct Band Gap Semiconductor” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 5044-7 (2012)

JianJun Guan

Z. Li, X. Guo, S.Matsushita, J. Guan, “differntiation of cardiosphere-derived cells into a mature cardiac lineage using biodegradable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels”, Biomaterials, 10.1016/j.biomaterials, 2011.

P. Chris Hammel

Wolny, Y. Obukhov, T. Muhl, U. Weissker, S. Philippi, A. Leonhardt, P.Banerjee, A. Reed, G. Xiang, R. Adur, I. Lee, A.J. Hauser, F.Y. Yang, D.V. Pelekhov, B. Buchner and P.C. Hammel, Quantitative magnetic

force microscopy on permalloy dots using an iron filled carbon nanotubeprobe, F Ultramicroscopy 111 1360–1365 (2011) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.05.002

Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin

Xuejin Wen, Samit Gupta, Theodore R. Nicholson III, Leonard Brillson, Stephen C. Lee, and Wu Lu. 2011. AlGaN/GaN HFET biosensors working at sub-threshold regime for sensitivity enhancement. Physica Status Solidi C 8: 2489-2491. DOI: 10.1002pssc.201001174

Xuejin Wen, Michael L. Schuette, Samit Gupta, Theodore R. Nicholson III, Stephen C. Lee, and Wu Lu. 2011. Improved sensitivity of AlGaN/GaN field effect transistor biosensors by optimized surface functionalization. IEEE Sensor Journal 11: 1726-1735

Patricia Casal, Xuejin Wen, Samit Gupta, Theodore Nicholson, Andrew Theiss, Yuji Wang, Leonard Brillson, Wu Lu, and Stephen C. Lee. 2012. ImmunoHFET feasibility in physiological salt environments. Journal of the Royal Society A 370: 2474-2488. doi:10.1098/rsta2011.0503.

Xuejin Wen, Samit Gupta, Yuji Wang, Theodore R. Nicholson III, Stephen C. Lee, and Wu Lu. 2011. High sensitivity AlGaN/GaN field effect transistor protein sensors operated in the sub-threshold regime by a


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control gate electrode. Applied Physics Letters 99: 043701-043704 NOTE: This article was selected for republication:-The August 1, 2011 issue of Virtual Journal of Biological Physics Research Volume 22, issue (3) (http://www.vjbio.org.), Instrumentation Development Section

D.R. Hoy, Y. Pu, S.D. Carnevale, E. Johnston-Halperin, R.C. Myers, “All-electrical spin injection and detection in an AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas,” Bulleting of the American Physical Society, vol. 56, Issue 1, (2011).

L. Fang, K.D. Bozdag, C.Y. Chen, P.A. Truitt, A.J. Epstein, E. Johnston-Halperin, “Electrical Spin Injection from an Organic-Based Ferrimagnet in a Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Heterostructure,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 106, Issue 15, (2011),

Y. Pu, A. Swartz, J. Beardsley, V. Bhallamudi, C. Hammel, R. Kawakami, E. Johnston-Halperin, J. Pelz, “Electrical spin injection and detection in Si,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 56, Issue 1, (2011).

D. Ko, X. W. Zhao, K.M. Reddy, O. D. Restrepo, R. Mishra, I. S. Beloborodov, N. Trivedi, N.P. Padture, W. Windl, F. Y. Yang, E. Johnston-Halperin, “Defect states and disorder in charge transport in semiconductor nanowires,” Cornell University Library, (2011).

J. Beardsley, Y. Pu, A. Swartz, V. Bhallamudi, R. Kawakami, E. Johnston-Halperin, C. Hammel, J. Pelz, “Spin injection studies on thin Fe/MgO/Si tunneling devices,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 56, Issue 1, (2011).

T.F. Kent, J. Yang, L. Yang, S.D. Carnevale, B. Niles, D.R. Hoy, Y.-H. Chiu, E. Johnston-Halperin, M.J. Mills, R.C. Myers, “Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in GaN-AlN Quantum Confined Heterostructures,”

Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 56, Issue 1, (2011).

D. Ko, X. Zhao, K. Reddy, W. Windl, N. Padture, N. Trivedi, F. Yang, E. Johnston-Halperin, “Role of defect states in charge transport in semiconductor nanowires,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 56, Issue 1, (2011).

R.M. Teeling, Y.W. Jung, I. Lee, J. North, R. Nakkula, R. Adur, E. Johnston-Halperin, M.G. Poirier, P.C. Hammel, “Imaging the Vector Magnetic Field of Magnetospirillum Gryphiswaldense by Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 56, Issue 1, (2011).

L. Fang, X. Zhao, Y.-H. Chiu, D. Ko, K.M. Reddy, N.P. Padture, F. Yang, E. Johnston-Halperin, “Comprehensive Control of Optical Polarization Anisotropy in Semiconducting Nanowires,” Cornell University Library, (2011).

Stephen Lee


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http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Zhao_X/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Reddy_K/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Restrepo_O/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Mishra_R/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Beloborodov_I/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Trivedi_N/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Padture_N/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Windl_W/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Windl_W/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Yang_F/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Johnston_Halperin_E/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Fang_L/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Zhao_X/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Chiu_Y/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Ko_D/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Reddy_K/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Padture_N/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Yang_F/0/1/0/all/0/1

http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Johnston_Halperin_E/0/1/0/all/0/1

S. Gupta, H. Wu, K. Kwak, P. Casal, T. Nicholson III, X. Wen, R. Anisha, B. Bhushan, P. Berger, W. Lu, L. Brillson, S. C. Lee, “Interfacial design and structure of protein/polymer films on oxidized AlGaN surfaces,” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 44, no. 3 (2011)

Patricia Morris

Andio, M.A., Beach, E.R., Morris, P.A., Akbar, S.A., "Synthesis and Nano-Structured Metal-Oxides and Deposition via Ink-Jet Printing on Microhotplate Substrates" Science of Advanced Materials Vol. 3, 845-852 (2011)

Andio, M.A., Browning, P.N., Morris, P.A., Akbar, S.A., "Comparison of gas sensor performance of SnO2 nano-structures on microhotplate platforms" Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical Vol. 165, 13-18 (2012)

Roberto Myers

S. D. Carnevale, C. Marginean, P. J. Phillips, T. F. Kent, A. T. M. G. Sarwar, M. J. Mills, and R. C. Myers. Coaxial Nanowire Resonant Tunneling Diodes from non-polar AlN/GaN on Silicon. Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 142115 (2012).

S. D. Carnevale, T. F. Kent, P. J. Phillips, M. J. Mills, S. Rajan, and R. C. Myers. Polarization-induced pn-diodes in wide band gap nanowires with ultraviolet electroluminescence. Nano Letters 12, 915 (2012).

S. D. Carnevale, J. Yang, P. J. Phillips, M. J. Mills and R. C. Myers. Three-Dimensional GaN/AlN Nanowire Heterostructures by Separating Nucleation and Growth Processes. Nano Letters 11, 866-871 (2011).

T. F. Kent, J. Yang, L. Yang, M. J. Mills, and R. C. Myers. Epitaxial Ferromagnetic Nanoislands of Cubic GdN in Hexagonal GaN. Appl. Phys. lett. 100, 152111 (2012).

D.R. Hoy, Y. Pu, S.D. Carnevale, E. Johnston-Halperin, R.C. Myers, “All-electrical spin injection and detection in an AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas,” Bulleting of the American Physical Society, vol. 56, Issue 1, (2011).

T.F. Kent, J. Yang, L. Yang, S.D. Carnevale, B. Niles, D.R. Hoy, Y.-H. Chiu, E. Johnston-Halperin, M.J. Mills, R.C. Myers, “Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in GaN-AlN Quantum Confined Heterostructures,”

Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 56, Issue 1, (2011).

S.D. Carnevale, J. Yang, P.J. Phillips, M.J. Mills, R.C. Myers, “Controlling Nanostructure Self-assembly for Design of Three-dimensional Semiconductor Heterostructures,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 56, Issue 1, (2011).

J. Yang, S.D. Carnevale, T.F. Kent, M.R. Brenner, R.C. Myers, “Effect of growth kinetics on intersubband transitions in GaN/AlN multiple quantum wells,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 56, Issue 1, (2011).


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C. M. Jaworski, J. Yang, S. Mack, D. D. Awschalom, R. C. Myers, and J. P. Heremans, “Spin-Seebeck Effect: A Phonon Driven Spin Distribution,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 106, Issue 18, (2011).

B. Chapler, R.C. Myers, S. Mack, A. Frenzel, B.C. Pursley, K.S. Burch, E.J. Singley, A.M. Dattelbaum, N. Samarth, D.D. Awschalom, D.N. Basov, “On magnetism and the insulator-to-metal transition in $p$-doped GaAs,” Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 56, Issue 1, (2011).

Wendy Panero

Pigott, J. S.*, D. M. Reaman*, W. R. Panero, Microfabrication of controlled-geometry samples for the laser-heated diamond-anvil cell using focused ion beam technology, Rev. Sci. Inst., 82, doi:10.1063/1.3658482 (2011).

Reaman, D. M.*, G. S. Deahn, W. R. Panero, Predictive mechanism for anisotropy development in the Earth’s Inner Core, Earth Planet Sci Lett, 312, 437-442 (2011).

Reaman, D. M.*, H. O. Colijn, F. Yang, W. R. Panero, Interdiffusion of Earth’s Core Materials to 65 Gpa and 2200 K, Earth and Planet Sci Lett, vol. 349-350 (Oct 2012), pp. 8-14.

Jon Parquette

Self-Assembly of a Donor-Acceptor Nanotube. A Strategy to Create Bicontinuous Arrays. Siyu Tu, Se Hye Kim, Jojo Joseph, David A. Modarelli* and Jon R. Parquette*, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 19125–19130.*

Aqueous Self-Assembly of L-Lysine Based Amphiphiles into 1D N-Type Nanotubes Hui Shao, Min Gao, Se Hye Kim, Christopher P. Jaroniec and Jon R. Parquette* Chem.-Eur. J. 2011, 17, 12882-12885.*

Intramolecular chiral communication in peptide-dendron hybrids Shao, H.; Bewick, N. A.; Parquette, J. R.. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2012, 10, 2377.

J.W. Drexler, H.M. Powell, “Regulation of Electrospun Scaffold Stiffness Via Coaxial Core Diameter”, Acta Biomaterialia, 7:1133–1139 (2011) *

Jonathan Pelz

W. Cai, Y. Che, J. P. Pelz, E. R. Hemesath, and L. J. Lauhon, Direct Measurements of Lateral Variations of Schottky Barrier Height Across “End-On” Metal Contacts to Vertical Si Nanowires by Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy, Nano Lett. 12, 694 (2012).(2)

Siddarth Rajan

F. Akyol, D. Nath, E. Gur and S. Rajan, “N-Polar III-Nitride green (540 nm) light emitting diode”, accepted for publication Japanese Journal of Applied Physics (2011).


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http://publish.aps.org/search/field/author/Myers_R_C

http://publish.aps.org/search/field/author/Heremans_J_P

M. Esposto, A. Chini, and S. Rajan, “Analytical Model for Power Switching GaN-based HEMTs”, Accepted for publication IEEE Trans. Elec. Dev. (2011)

D. Nath, E. Gur, S. A. Ringel, S. Rajan , “Growth model for plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy of N-polar and Ga-polar InxGa1-xN”, accepted for publication, JVST B (2011)

Pil Sung Park and Siddharth Rajan, “Simulation of Short-Channel Effects in N- and Ga-polar AlGaN/GaN HEMTs”, Accepted for publication, IEEE Trans. Elec. Dev., (2011).

R. Sooryakumar

Mechanical properties of porous low-k dielectric nano-films, W. Zhou, S. Bailey, R. Sooryakumar, S. King, G. Xu, E. Mays, C. Ege, J. Bielefeld, Journal of Applied Physics 110, 043520 (2011).

Patterned magnetic traps for magnetophoretic assembly and actuation of micro-rotor pumps, T. Henighan, D. Giglio, A. Chen, G. Vieira and R. Sooryakumar, Applied Physics Letters 98, 103505 (2011).

Yael Vodovotz

Modi, S., Koelling, K. and Vodovotz, Y. (2011), Miscibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with high molecular weight poly(lactic acid) blends determined by thermal analysis. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 124: 3074–3081

S. Modi, K. Koelling, Y. Vodovotz, “Assessment of PHB with Varying Hydroxyvalerate content for Potential Packaging Applications” European Polymer Journal, 47:2, 179-186, 2011.

John Volakis

Z. Wang, L. Zhang, Y. Bayram, and J.L. Volakis, “Embroidered Conductive Fibers-and-Polymer Composite for Conformal Radio Frequency Applications,”IEEE Trans. Antenn. Propag., vol. 60, no.9 (2012).

David Wood

Wu, W.-Y., Miller, K. D., Coolbaugh, M. J. & Wood, D. W., “Intein-mediated One-step Purification of E. coli Secreted Human Antibody Fragments,” Protein Expression and Purification, Vol. 76, pp. 221-228, (2011).

Yiying Wu

P. Hasin, Y. Wu*, “"Sonochemical Synthesis of Copper Hydride (CuH)", Chem. Comm.,2012, 48, pp 1302-1304 (DOI: 10.1039/C2CC15741A).

Fengyuan Yang


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L. Fang, X. W. Zhao, Y.-H. Chiu, D. K. Ko, K. M. Reddy,T. R. Lemberger, N. P. Padture, Fengyuan Yang, and E. Johnston-Halperin, “Comprehensive control of optical polarization anisotropy in semiconducting nanowires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 141101 (2011).

Ji-Cheng (JC) Zhao

Z. Huang, X. Chen, T. Yisgedu, E.A. Meyers, S.G. Shore, J.C. Zhao, “Ammonium Octahydrotriborate (NH4B3H8): New Synthesis, Structure, and Hydrolytic Hydrogen Release,” Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 50, Issue 8, (2011).

D.T. Shane, L.H. Rayhel, Z. Huang, J.C. Zhao, X. Tang, V. Stavila, M.S. Conradi, “Comprehensive NMR Study of Magnesium Borohydride,” J. Phys. Chem., 115 (7), pp. 3172-3177, (2011).

Z. Huang, X. Chen, T. Yisgedu, J.C. Zhao, S.G. Shore, “High-capacity hydrogen release through hydrolysis of NaB3H8,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, Issue 12, (2011).

J.C. Zhao, X. Zheng, D.G. Cahill, “High-throughput measurements of materials properties,” Journal of the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society, vol. 63, Issue 3, (2011).

T.B. Yisgedu, X. Chen, H.K. Lingam, Z. Huang, A. Highley, S. Maharrey, R. Behrens, S.G. Shore, J.C. Zhao, “Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Thermal Decomposition Study of Mg(H2O)6B10H10·4H2O,” J. Phys. Chem. C, 115 (23), pp. 11793-11802, (2011).

Yi Zhao

X. Zhang and Y. Zhao. 2012. Programmable Patterning of Polymeric Microparticles By Floating Electrodes-Assisted Electrospray. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. Vol 22, 047001.

S. Xu and Y. Zhao. 2011. Monolithic Fabrication of Nanochannels Using Coresheath Nanofibers as Sacrificial Mold. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics. Vol 11, no. 3. :359-365.

H. Zeng and Y. Zhao. 2011. Microfabrication in Electrospun Nanofibers by Electrical Discharges. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. Vol. 2, no. 162. : 214-218.

B. Kim, X. Zhang, H. Borteh, Z. Li, J. Guan and Y. Zhao. 2012. Fabrication of Porous Microtent Structures Towards An In Vitro Endothelium Model. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 22 085001.

B. Kim, X. Zhang, H. Borteh, Z. Li, J. Guan and Y. Zhao. 2012. Fabrication of Porous Microtent Structures Towards An In Vitro Endothelium Model. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 22 085001.

H. Borteh, B. Kim Y. Zhao. 2011. “Porous Microfluics: A Unique Platform for Transvascular Study”. Technical Digest of the 23rd IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS '11), Cancun, Mexico, January 23-27, 2011.

Publications from work at Center for Chemical and Biophysical Dynamics (CCBD)


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Xue, Jia-Dan; Vyas, Shubham; Du, Yong; Luk, Hoi-Ling; Chuang, Yung-Ping; But, Tracy Yuen-Sze; Toy, Patrick H.; Wang, Jin; Winter, Arthur H.; Phillips, David Lee; Platz,M.S. “Time-Resolved Resonance Raman and Computational Investigation of the Influence of 4-Acetamido and 4-N-Methylacetamido Substituents on the Chemistry of Phenylnitrene” Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2011, 115(26), 7521-7530.

Kubicki, Jacek; Zhang, Yunlong; Vyas, Shubham; Burdzinski, Gotard; Luk, Hoi Ling; Wang, Jin; Xue, Jiadan; Peng, Huo-Lei; Pritchina, Elena A.; Sliwa, Michel; Platz,M.S. “Photochemistry of 2-Naphthoyl Azide. An Ultrafast Time-Resolved UV-Vis and IR Spectroscopic and Computational Study “Journal of the American Chemical Society” 2011, 133(25), 9751-9761.

Xue, Jiadan; Luk, Hoi Ling; Platz, Matthew S. “Direct Observation of a Carbene-Alcohol Ylide” Journal of the American Chemical Society 2011, 133(6), 1763-1765.

Kuzmanich, G., Xue, J., Netto-Ferreira, J.C, Scaiano, J.C., Platz, Matthew S., Garcia-Garibay, M.A. “Steady state and transient kinetics in crystalline solids: the photochemistry of nanocrystalline 1,1,3-triphenyl-3-hydroxy-2-indanone” Chemical Science 2011 2(8) 1497-1501

Kubicki, J.; Luk, H. L.; Zhang, Y.; Vyas, S.; Peng, H.-L.; Hadad, C. M.; Platz, M. S. Direct Observation of a Sulfonyl Azide Excited State and Its Decay Processes by Ultrafast Time Resolved IR Spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7036 – 7044.

Kubicki, J.; Zhang, Y.; Vyas, S.; Burdzinski, G.; Luk, H. L.; Wang, J.; Xue, J.; Peng, H.-L.; Pritchina, E. A.; Sliwa, M.; Buntinx, G.; Gritsan, N. P.; Hadad, C. M.; Platz, M. S. Photochemistry of 2-Naphthoyl Azides. An Ultrafast Time-Resolved UV–Vis and IR Spectroscopic and Computational Study, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 9751 –9761.

Kubicki, Jacek; Zhang, Yunlong; Vyas, Shubham; Burdzinski, Gotard; Luk, Hoi Ling; Wang, Jin; Xue, Jiadan; Peng, Huo-Lei; Pritchina, Elena A.; Sliwa, Michel; Platz,M.S.. "Photochemistry of 2-Naphthoyl Azide. An Ultrafast Time-Resolved UV-Vis and IR Spectroscopic and Computational Study," Journal of the American Chemical Society, v.133, 2011, p. 9751.

Kuzmanich, G., Xue, J., Netto-Ferreira, J.C, Scaiano, J.C., Platz, Matthew S., Garcia-Garibay, M.A.. "Steady state and transient kinetics in crystalline solids: the photochemistry of nanocrystalline 1,1,3-triphenyl-3-hydroxy-2-indanone," Chemical Science, v.2, 2011, p. 1497.

Tu Siyu; Kim Se Hye; Joseph Jojo; et al. Self-Assembly of a Donor-Acceptor Nanotube. A Strategy To Create Bicontinuous Arrays, Journal of the American Chemical Society Volume: 133 Issue: 47 Pages: 19125-19130 DOI: 10.1021/ja205868b Published: Nov. 30 2011

Joseph, Jojo; Tu, Siyu; Kim, Se Hye; Parquette, Jon R.; Modarelli, David A. Photoinduced Electron Transfer studies in Self-assembled Porphyrin-Naphthalenediimide Dyads, Abstracts, 43rd Central Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Dearborn, MI, United States, June 5-9 (2012), CERM-296.


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https://origin-scifinder.cas.org/scifinder/references/answers/9B0D5B34X86F350ACX6325CD83461933A84F:9B2E3733X86F350ACX5B28942F29DCFD592B/1.html?nav=eNpVkLEvQ0Ecx39eI0INZRGRisEgJPfkVWlDgqrSeHkVRcQip73U4713z9212kUYMFgMymLoYGMn_gSJUVgkYmeVmNx7JeKmS36f-9z3971-h0YBDVhAbzyhTUdGIpGV2HAqEh2cnFqJJrRYfEhLafHkVCoZjWsJia5zBm2buISRhZ0CSjuCFAhrf6tdfu4fxRRoSENjCVtFUmYQ-uOMor1O2OF1NRw8fT1WAMouALRI4YaArsmlxdnMwlraWJ42FuXFyKzNLGSW5tPGjIBm03YpE9LAt2EXAvIdCFAY_Z8kQalFsPPQw_YeL74-ZJLV3ySux3Mu-QHKCiiHOaI8hxnihJUIQ3lqY9NBOWrb1EFZ-VnWJbmxk6ta-Pz1XgFFh1a7kmF508HWHKkI6NOlSJUi1RepdZFaF6l1kSrJUR2a7Ipn5AI6dS-tWhSmpeqms0Xys5hvZIkYLbuuDNfhL-ON0b_xs_W0Wn3p7_Za-13Zp37md8mD6tntzVDAa3WnVdYTGp8A_5QFBDjHfnFB-AZ3O6Ev&key=caplus_2012:798445&title=Photoinduced%20Electron%20Transfer%20studies%20in%20Self-assembled%20Porphyrin-Naphthalenediimide%20Dyads&launchSrc=reflist&p=1

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hao, Hui; Gao, Min; Kim, Se Hye; Jaroniec, Christopher P.; Parquette, Jon R. Aqueous Self-Assembly of L-Lysine-Based Amphiphiles into 1D n-Type Nanotubes, Chemistry--A European Journal (2011), 17(46), 12882-12885, S12882/1-S12882/28.

Chisholm Malcolm H. Incorporating MM Quadruple Bonds Into Conjugated Organic Oligomers:

Syntheses and Optoelectronic Properties, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Volume: 213 Issue: 8 Special Issue: SI Pages: 800-807 DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100656 (2012)

Keller Julia M.; Glusac Ksenija D.; Danilov Evgeny O.; et al. Negative Polaron and Triplet Exciton Diffusion in Organometallic "Molecular Wires," Journal of the American Chemical Society Volume: 133 Issue: 29 Pages: 11289-11298 DOI: 10.1021/ja202898p (2011) By Hauser, A. J.; Soliz, J. R.; Dixit, M.; Williams, R. E. A.; Susner, M. A.; Peters, B.; Mier, L. M.; Gustafson, T. L.; Sumption, M. D.; Fraser, H. L.; et al Fully ordered Sr2CrReO6 epitaxial films: a high-temperature ferrimagnetic semiconductor, Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics (2012), 85(16), 161201/1-161201/4 Joseph, Jojo; Tu, Siyu; Kim, Se Hye; Parquette, Jon R.; Modarelli, David A.. Photoinduced Electron Transfer studies in Self-assembled Porphyrin-Naphthalenediimide Dyads Full Text , Abstracts, 43rd Central Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Dearborn, MI, United States, June 5-9 (2012) Hauser, A. J.; Soliz, J. R.; Dixit, M.; Williams, R. E. A.; Susner, M. A.; Peters, B.; Mier, L. M.; Gustafson, T. L.; Sumption, M. D.; Fraser, H. L.; et al ; Fully ordered Sr2CrReO6 epitaxial films: a high-temperature ferrimagnetic semiconductor; From Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics (2012), 85(16), 161201/1-161201/4.

Lindsey, J. W.; Scott, T. F.; Lynch, S. G.; Cofield, S. S.; Nelson, F.; Conwit, R.; Gustafson, T.; Cutter, G. R.; Wolinsky, J. S.; Lublin, F. D.; et al; The CombiRx trial of combined therapy with interferon and glatiramer acetate in relapsing remitting MS: design and baseline characteristics; From Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (2012), 1(2), 81-86.

Durr, Christopher B.; Chisholm, Malcolm H.; Brown-Xu, Samantha E.; Spilker, Tomas F.; Gustafson, Terry L.; Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysics of a New Class of Inorganic Ligands for Metal-Metal Multiply Bonded Compounds; From Abstracts, 43rd Central Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Dearborn, MI, United States, June 5-9 (2012)

Wilfong, Erin M.; Kogiso, Yuri; Muthukrishnan, Sivaramakrishnan; Kowatz, Thomas; Du, Yu; Bowie, Amber; Naismith, James H.; Hadad, Christopher M.; Toone, Eric J.; Gustafson, Terry L.; Multidisciplinary approach to probing enthalpy-entropy compensation and the interfacial mobility model; From Abstracts


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of Papers, 243rd ACS National Meeting & Exposition, San Diego, CA, United States, March 25-March 29, 2012 (2012)

Wilfong, Erin M.; Kogiso, Yuri; Muthukrishnan, Sivaramakrishnan; Kowatz, Thomas; Du, Yu; Bowie, Amber; Naismith, James H.; Hadad, Christopher M.; Toone, Eric J.; Gustafson, Terry L.; A Multidisciplinary Approach to Probing Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation and the Interfacial Mobility Model; From Journal of the American Chemical Society (2011), 133(30), 11515-11523.

Wilfong Erin M; Kogiso Yuri; Muthukrishnan Sivaramakrishnan; Kowatz Thomas; Du Yu; Bowie Amber; Naismith James H; Hadad Christopher M; Toone Eric J; Gustafson Terry L; A multidisciplinary approach to probing enthalpy-entropy compensation and the interfacial mobility model; From Journal of the American Chemical Society (2011), 133(30), 11515-23.


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External Funding Seeded by IMR Research Enhancement Program Grants 2007-2012

Note: This list relies on self reporting and is likely to be underestimated; an asterisk (*) indicates those items obtained through leveraging more than one IMR-supported activity

Conjugated polymer tunneling devices for plastic electronic memory, NSF DIV Elect, Comm, & CyberSystems, PI: Paul Berger, 6/15/2010-5/31/2013, $241,547

GOALI: Passive millimeter-wave imaging using monolithic Si-based square-law detectors for security and transportation safety, , PI: Paul Berger, 9/15/2010-8/31/2013, $412,000

Mechanically reliable surfaces for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning and drag reduction, NSF Div Civil, Mechanical & Maufact Innv, PI: Bharat Bhushan, 8/15/2010-7/31/2013, $300,000

Synthesis of amphiphilic core-shell latex emulsions from soy proteins and delivery of corrosion inhibitors and biocides for coatings applications, Sponsor Confidential, PI: Dennis Bong, Co-I: Stephen Myers, 8/1/2008-7/31/2011, $150,000

Development of AlGaN biosensor sensitive in physiological saline, NSF Div Chem, Bioeng, Environ, & Trnsp S, PI: Stephen Lee, Co-I: Leonard Billson, Wu Lu, 8/2/2008-5/31/2012, $350,000

Hermetic seals for organic semiconductors, , PI: Paul Berger, 2/26/2008-6/26/2008, $10,000

Conjugated polymer tunneling devices for plastic electronic memory, NSF DIV Elect, Comm, & CyberSystems, PI: Paul Berger, 6/15/2010-5/31/2013, $354,000

Integrated ultrasonic additive manufacturing and laser machining for realization of novel smart structures, Ohio Department of Development, PI: Marcelo Dapino, Co-I: Sudarsanam Babu Suresh, $1,551,987

Collaborative research: Smart Vehicle Concepts Center (NSF I/UCRC), NSF Engineering, PI: Rajendra Singh, Co-Is: Marcelo Dapino, Gregory Washington, 07/01/2007-12/31/2012, $829,184

Smart vehicle concepts center (NSF I/UCRC) - Industrial Membership, Massachusetts Inst Tech - Lincoln Lab, PI: Rajendra Singh, Co-Is: Marcelo Dapino, Gregory Washington, 04/01/2007 – 06/30/2017, $40,000

Smart vehicle concepts center (NSF I/UCRC) - Industrial Membership, Edison Welding Inst Inc., PI: Rajendra Singh, Co-Is: Marcelo Dapino, Gregory Washington, 04/01/2007 – 06/30/2017, $160,000

Electric and magnetic measurements of photomagnet-fullerosome conjugates, UES Inc., PI: Arthur Epstein, 09/23/2010-08/23/2011, $30,000


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https://rf.osu.edu/secure/e-activity/awa-div.cfm?vtrg=spo&vidn=35000305%20%20%20%20%20%20%20














Multifunctional hydrogels as stem cell carriers for cardiac therapy, NSF Div Materials Research, PI: Jianjun Guan, Co-I: Sudha Agarwal, 9/15/2010-8/31/2013, $300,000

MRI: Acquisition of a hybrid diamond/III-N synthesis cluster tool, NSF Div Materials Research, PI: Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin, Co-Is: Harris Kagan, Roberto Myers, Siddharth Rajan, Steven Ringel, Fengyuan Yang, 10/01/2009-09/30/2012, $421,353*

High performance nuclear magnetic resonance imaging using magnetic resonance force microscopy, Army Res Office, PI: P. Chris Hammel, 07/15/2009-07/14/2013, $555,000

Electrical spin injection at chemically modified organic/inorganic interfaces, NSF Div Materials Research, PI: Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin, Co-I: Arthur Epstein, 06/01/2012-05/01/2015, $125,675

Collaborative research: Scaling laws for NanoFET biosensors, NSF DIV Elect, Comm, & CyberSystems, PI: Wu Lu, 10/01/2008-09/30/2013, $228,772

In vivo monitoring of oxygenation in implants: Applications to tissue engineering, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst, PI: Nicanor Moldovan, Co-Is: Keith Gooch, Periannan Kuppusamy, John Lannutti, 05/01/2010-04/30/2014, $1,139,938

Gas sensor array devices based on nanostructured metal oxides, Edward J Orton Jr Ceramic Fdn, PI: Patricia Morris, Co-I: Sheikh Akbar, 10/01/2007-12/31/2011, $289,671

Epitaxial growth of highly confined nitride nanostructures toward short wavelength quantum cascaded and ultrafast optical devices, Office of Naval Res, PI: Roberto Myers, 08/12/2009—04/30/2013, $476,969

MRI: Acquisition of high field physical properties measurement system with cryogenic AFM/MFM, NSF Div Materials Research, PI: P.Chris Hammel, Co-Is: Roberto Myers, Nitin Padture, Jessica Winter, Patrick Woodward, 10/01/2010-09/30/2012, $504,129

SPINCATS, an investigation of spin caloric transport in magnetic semiconductors, NSF Div Chem, Bioeng, Environ, & Trnsp S, PI: Roberto Myers, Co-I: Joseph Heremans, 09/01/2011-08/31/2014, $350,000

CAREER: Volatiles in the Earth's interior: A combined theoretical and experimental approach, NSF Div Earth Sciences, PI: Wendy Panero, 12/15/2009-11/30/2014, $225,986

Nanometer-scale studies of contacts to nanowires, advanced oxide films, and molecular layers, NSF Div Materials Research, PI: Jonathan Pelz, 07/01/2008-06/30/2013, $336,216

Modulation of macro and micro ECM mechanics by DDR1, NSF Div Civil, Mechanical & Maufact Innv, PI: Gunjan Agarwal, Co-Is: Peter Anderson, Gregory Lafyatis, Heather Powell, 05/01/2012-04/30/2015, $392,000

AlGaN/GaN 1-dimensional channel HEMT, Office of Naval Research, PI: Siddharth Rajan, 02/25/2009-12/31/2012, $339,348


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Investigation of electron transport properties in N-polar AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, Office of Naval Research, PI: Siddharth Rajan, 07/01/2009-04/30/2011, $140,000

High-performance graphene-based devices, NSF DIV Elect, Comm, & CyberSystems, PI: Siddharth Rajan, Wolfgang Windl, 08/01/2009-07/31/2013, $350,000

III nitride NEMS devices for chemical and biological sensing, NSF Div Civil, Mechanical & Maufact Innv, PI: Wu Lu, Co-I: Siddharth Rajan, 10/01/2009-10/31/2012, $366,000

I-SMART: Integrated curriculum for smart power engineering, Department of Energy, PI: Jin Wang, Co-Is: Betty Lise Anderson, Jose Cruz, Eylem Ekici, Liang-Shih Fan, Donald Kasten, Kevin Passino, Siddharth Rajan, Steven Ringel, Andrea Serrani, Longya Xu, $2,499,939

Center for high performance power electronics (CHPPE), Ohio Department of Development, PI: Longya Xu, Co-Is: Donald Kasten, Wu Lu, Siddharth Rajan, Jin Wang, 07/19/2010-07/18/2013, $3,000,000

Dielectric enhancements for innovative electronics - DEFINE MURI, Univ of California - Santa Barbara, PI: Steven Ringel, Co-I: Siddharth Rajan, 08/01/2010-07/31/2013, $541,252

Fluorescent-magnetic nanomanipulators for cytoskeletal mechanical investigations, NSF Div Civil, Mechanical & Maufact Innv, PI: Jessica Winter, Co-I: Anthony Brown, Jeffrey Chalmers, 07/01/2009-05/31/2012, $313,433

Mechanical properties by light scattering, Semiconductor Res Corp, PI: Ratnasingham Sooryakumark 04/01/2012-03/31/2015, $115,000

Design, synthesis, and photochemistry of new Ru(II) complexes as potential photo-cisplatin analogs, NSF Div Chemistry, PI: Claudia Turro, 08/01/2009-07/31/2013, $690,000

Autonomous non-battery wireless strain gage for structural health testing and monitoring in extreme environments, Syntonics, LLC, PI: Yakup Bayram, Co-Is: Eric Walton, Jonathan Young, 05/08/2009-02/28/2010, $30,208

High temperature sensing parameters, Syntonics, LLC, PI: Yakup Bayram, Co-Is: Eric Walton, Jonathan Young, 05/07/2008-08/23/2012, $286,445

Structural health monitoring phase II, Sytonics, LLC, PI: Eric Walton, Co-Is: Yakup Bayrum, Jonathan Young, 01/01/2011-12/14/2012, $244,245

Optical study of spin dynamics in semiconductor nanowires, US Department of Energy, PI: Fengyuan Yang, Co-I: Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin, 08/15/2009-05/14/2015, $820,000

CAREER: Integrated micro-electro-mechanical-system for cellular mechanotransduction studies, NSF Biological Infrastructure, PI: Yi Zhao, 03/01/2010-02/28/2015, $439,193


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Appendix C

Activities of Members of Technical Staff (MTS) for Fiscal Year 2011 – 2012

Dr. John Carlin, Research Scientist, Nanotech West Laboratory Dr. Evgeny Danilov, Senior Research Associate, Center for Chemical and

Biophysical Dynamics Dr. Robert J. Davis, Director, Nanotech West Laboratory and Associate

Director, Institute for Materials Research Dr. Denis V. Pelekhov, Research Scientist, ENCOMM NanoSystems

Laboratory Aimee Bross Price, Senior Research Associate, Nanotech West

Laboratory


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IMR Member of Technical Staff 2012 Activity Summary Dr. John A. Carlin, Research Scientist, Nanotech West Laboratory

Dr. Carlin is a lead scientist located at OSU’s Nanotech West Laboratory (NTW). He currently serves as co-PI on two active research grants (detailed in the section below) and is a co-PI on three new proposals submitted in FY12 which are still under review. In addition to those research activities, Dr. Carlin contributes much time to the day-to-day operation of the NTW cleanroom and expanding the process knowledge and capabilities to meet the growing needs of the NTW user base. These activities have included tool training for new users, tool acquisition and installations, process development and documentation, assisting internal and external users with project and process planning and serving on the NTW cleanroom user committee. Dr. Carlin has also been responsible for directing the activities of the various undergraduate students (10 students throughout FY12) hired to provide laboratory and process support to the NTW user base. While currently the primary contact for seven pieces of synthesis, fabrication and metrology equipment, during FY12, activity surrounding the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system received particular attention. Two hundred fifty one total deposition runs were executed during FY12 on various research projects resulting in user fees in excess of $45,000. Active Research Projects During FY11/FY12 Dr. Carlin was co-PI on two proposals which were awarded funding and effort initiated during FY12. For both projects, a portion of Dr. Carlin’s time was contributed by IMR as cost share during the proposal phase to satisfy budgetary requirements of the RFP’s. “High Efficiency Photovoltaic Enabled Off-Grid Solar/Led Lights”, awarded by Ohio Third Frontier in collaboration with Energy Focus Inc (PI), Replex Plastics and Lighting Services Inc. November 2011 – October 2013. Total award = $1,000,000 (OSU award = $345,000). “III-V/Active-Si Integration for Low-Cost High-Performance Concentrator Photovoltaics”, awarded by Department of Energy: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy to OSU in collaboration with Emcore Corporation, National Renewable Energy Lab and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. January 2012 – December 2014. Total award = $1,500,000 (OSU award = $750,000). Publications and Presentations C. Ratcliff, T. J. Grassman, J. A. Carlin, and S. A. Ringel. “High temperature step-flow growth of gallium phosphide by molecular beam epitaxy and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition” Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 141905 (2011). Javier Grandal, Tyler J. Grassman, Andrew M. Carlin, Mark R. Brenner, Beatriz Galiana-Blanco, John A. Carlin, Limei Yang, Michael J. Mills, and Steven A. Ringel, “Growth and characterization of InGaAs


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quantum dots on metamorphic GaAsP templates by molecular beam epitaxy”, presented at 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Austin, TX, USA, 2011. Proceedings in print. John A. Carlin, OSU ENCOMM weekly seminar series, “III-V MOCVD Capabilities at OSU and Utilization in Current Research Programs”, February 2012. General NTW Impact Summary

Provided day-to-day management and support of cleanroom operation and activities

Coordinated, managed and assisted in providing remote services for various internal and external NTW customers [MOCVD (Yang, Hamels, Johnston-Halperin, Myers) as well as other NTW processing services]

Process and user base development for MOCVD resulting in 251depositions during FY12 resulting in >$45,000 of billable user fees

Coordinated with OSU EH&S to meet Department of Homeland Security reporting requirements for NTW Room 200. Coordinated with OSU Security Services and OSU FOD to implement safety upgrades as required.

Member of cleanroom faculty user committee formed to provide advice and oversight to improve the cleanroom operation and user effectiveness

Attended and facilitated discussion at a monthly pizza luncheon implemented to improve communication between the community of NTW cleanroom users

Primary training and support contact for seven pieces of synthesis, fabrication and metrology equipment

Provided direct process and project planning to new and old, internal and external NTW users

Process support for the atomic layer deposition (ALD) system including depositions for external customers

Managed student engineering interns (10 throughout FY12) including hiring and planning short and long term activities

Assisted in hiring process (HR process and interview process) for NTW equipment engineer [Position filled by Peter Janney]

Coordinated hiring process (HR process and interview process) for NTW MOCVD/Safety technician

Assisted in coordination and installation and/or process start-up of various pieces of new equipment (Woollam ellipsometer, AGA 610 RTA, Plasma Therm PECVD)


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Outreach and engagement activities (e.g. representing OSU at a conference, tours of labs to outside groups):

o Staffed IMR information booth at the Ohio State Research Expo to develop new interactions.

o Provided tours of Nanotech West to both OSU and external parties including: faculty candidates, IMR review board members, postdoc and graduate student candidates, undergraduate students, IMR and ECE seminar visitors and external industry visitors and interested lab users.


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IMR Member of Technical Staff 2012 Activity Summary Dr. Evgeny Danilov, Senior Research Associate, Center for Chemical and

Biophysical Dynamics (CCBD) In FY 2012, Dr. Danilov continued serving the Chemistry and Materials Research community as the CCBD Manager. His main responsibilities include the regular maintenance of the CCBD instrumentation, necessary repairs, CCBD budget planning and user billing, upgrading current and designing new instrumentation, setting up experiments and writing data acquisition software, performing experiments, training users on the CCBD instrumentation and laser safety. In FY 2012, Dr. Danilov kept all CCBD femtosecond setups operational 100% of time. He has completed four major facility upgrades described in the CCBD Highlights and Accomplishments during FY2012 section. Dr. Danilov’s academic activities in FY 2012 included preliminary experiments for and participating in writing an NSF proposal submitted and approved for funding (PIs Profs. Platz, Hadad) and co-authoring one research publication: Negative Polaron and Triplet Exciton Diffusion in Organometallic "Molecular Wires" Author(s): Keller Julia M.; Glusac Ksenija D.; Danilov Evgeny O.; et al.; Source: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY Volume: 133 Issue: 29 Pages: 11289-11298 DOI: 10.1021/ja202898p Other related professional activities included

Attended a workshop on parallel computing and quantum chemical calculations.

Attended the 66-th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy, 2011 IMR Materials Week conference; regularly (1-2 times / month) attending Department and IMR seminars; regularly attended and presented at Dr. Gustafson’s group meetings.

Attended the National Center for Faculty Development and Diversity’s coaching “Faculty Success Program” as a part of College of Arts and Sciences Staff Professional Development program.

Outreach and Engagement Activities

Created informational write-ups in the form of Power Point presentations clarifying the details and underlying optical physics related to the operation of lasers and ultrafast instrumentation providing students with a background for better understanding of the instrument operation and data analysis. Six modules have been created and placed on the CCBD network.

Prepared and provided comments/suggestions to the NSF Materials Division directorate’s webinar on the development of mid-size multiuser facilities for Materials Research.

Provided members of the Institute for Materials research with laser safety materials and laser standard operating procedures developed earlier in the CCBD.


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Actively participated in EHS chemical safety campaign by ensuring compliance of Dr. Gustafson’s labs with EHS regulations.

Led the effort to make sure all CCBD users complete the laser safety course developed by EHS.


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IMR Member of Technical Staff 2012 Activity Summary Dr. Robert J. Davis, Director, Ohio State Nanotech West Laboratory, Associate

Director, IMR, Co-Director, Ohio Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC)

Refereed Publications and Conference Presentations “Design and Construction of a ~7x Low-Concentration Photovoltaic System Based on Compound Parabolic Concentrators”, Mark A. Schuetz, Scott A. Brown, Kara A. Shell, Roger H. French, and Robert J. Davis, IEEE J. Photovoltaics 2, 382 (July 2012). “Design and Performance of a Low-Cost Acrylic Reflector for a ~7x Concentrating Photovoltaic Module”, K.A. Shell, Scott A. Brown, Mark A. Schuetz, Robert J. Davis, and Roger H. French, Proceedings of the SPIE Vol. 8108 (Conference on High and Low Concentration Systems for Solar Electric Applications VI, SPIE, San Diego CA), page 81080A (September 2011). Conferences Organized First PVIC Workshop on Solar Durability, September 2011, Longaburger Alumni House, Ohio State University (approximately 60 attendees, 10 speakers). Current Research Funding “Ohio Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization”, $6.9M plus OSU matching funds, 27 February 2007 to 27 November 2011, Ohio Third Frontier Program. PVIC is now continuing operations on membership fees. “Low-Cost Low-Concentration Photovoltaics Systems for Mid-Northern Latitudes”, with Replex Plastics, Mt. Vernon OH, OSU share $357,500, 01 February 2010 – 28 December 2012. “Low Cost Concentrated PV Design”, with GreenField Solar, Oberlin OH, OSU share $50,000, 01 April 2011- 31 March 2013. “Development of Nanometer-Scale Design Structures for Nanoimprint Lithography Use for Non-Linear Optical Parametric Amplifiers”, Air Force Research Lab / Universal Technology Corporation, 28 June 2012 – 06 April 2013, $26,800. Proposal Activities

PI of the Ohio Sensors and Semiconductor Innovation Platform (OSSIP), a $2.6M proposal to the Ohio Third Frontier Program, with L-3 (Mason OH), Momentive Performance Materials (Strongsville OH) and Lake Shore Cryotronics (Westerville OH) as collaborators. Proposal was one of 13 (of a total of 37 submitted) selected to proceed to the Interview (verbal) verbal stage but ultimately was not one of the 6 that was funded.


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Co-PI of a Department of Energy SunShot Incubator Proposal, led by Replex Plastics, also with Case Western as a collaborator, in review as of July 2012. Proposal made it through concept paper stage and was invited for a full proposal.

See also Air Force nanoimprint lithography program above for proposal of same name submitted May 2012.

Other Ohio State University Representation Attended the IEEE Photovoltaics Specialist Conference, Austin TX, June 2012. IMR Activities

Served as Associate Director in FY12, attending Director’s Meetings to discuss issues including programs, budgets, Materials Week symposium, and guest speakers.

Served as a reviewer for two rounds of IMR Facilities Grants.

Nanotech West Activities Davis continued as Director of the Ohio State Nanotech West Lab; a separate report of Nanotech West is in this IMR report. In summary, Nanotech West Lab activity continues to grow; user fee income grew 18% over its FY11 total to $493k. Refer to the separate Nanotech West report for extensive details on FY12 activity at that lab. PVIC Activities Davis continues to Co-Direct the Ohio Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization (PVIC), an $18.6M research and development program funded by the Ohio Third Frontier Program with the goal of creating jobs in Ohio via the commercialization of advanced technology. A major challenge in FY13 will be the transition of PVIC from its Third Frontier initial funding, which ended in late November 2011. PVIC will continue to organize meetings, which its industry members have communicated is its most important function. Other Activities

Davis continues to serve on the Proposal Review Board of the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Davis was a Section Editor for the future Springer Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, which will be published in late 2012.

Davis served on the Advisory Board for the Ferro/StrateNexus/Edison Welding / Ohio State U. Ohio Third Frontier Program on Advanced Sealants for Photovoltaics, which concluded in June 2012.

In late FY12 Davis began serving on a small committee that is tasked with selecting a location on the University main campus for the 2011 Ohio State Solar Decathlon House.


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IMR Member of Technical Staff 2012 Activity Summary Dr. Denis V. Pelekhov, Ph.D., Research Scientist, NanoSystems Laboratory

Dr. Denis V. Pelekhov is the Director of the NanoSystems Laboratory (NSL) which is an OSU user facility located in the Physics Research Building on OSU’s Columbus campus. The primary goal of NSL is to provide academic and industrial users with access to various material characterization and fabrication techniques including Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, SQUID magnetometry, Atomic Force/Magnetic Force microscopy, EDS X-ray microanalysis, Langmuir-Blodgett trough monolayer deposition, e-beam lithography, physical vapor material deposition and diamond growth. Dr. Pelekhov oversees day to day operations of the facility; directs NSL staff consisting of two permanent technical staff members, one administrative assistant and several undergraduate research assistants; interacts with equipment vendors and suppliers for existing equipment repairs, upgrade and maintenance; oversees purchase of new equipment including negotiations of equipment specifications, design and price; oversees development and implementation of laboratory safety measures and protocols including chemical safety and chemical waste disposal; conducts training of NSL users in use of laboratory equipment; maintains online facility data acquisition software for NSL, SEAL and Dreese clean room; works with potential and current NSL industrial customers in order to guarantee their satisfaction with provided services and to expand industrial customer base. Publications I. Lee, Y. Obukhov, J. Kim, X. Li, N. Samarth, D. V. Pelekhov and P. C. Hammel. “Local magnetic characterization of (Ga, Mn) As continuous thin film using scanning probe force microscopy." Phys. Rev. B, 85(18) 184402 (2012)

K. C. Fong, M. R. Herman, P. Banerjee, D. V. Pelekhov and P. C. Hammel. “Spin lifetime in small ensembles of electron spins measured by magnetic resonance force microscopy." Phys. Rev. B, 84(22) 220405 (2011)

I. Lee, J. Kim, Y. Obukhov, P. Banerjee, G. Xiang, D. V. Pelekhov, A. Hauser, F. Yang and P. C. Hammel. “Magnetic force microscopy in the presence of a strong probe field." Appl. Phys. Lett., 99(16) 162514 (2011)

F. Wolny, Y. Obukhov, T. Muehl, U. Weissker, S. Philippi, A. Leonhardt, P. Banerjee, A. Reed, G. Xiang, R. Adur, I. Lee, A. J. Hauser, F. Y. Yang, D. V. Pelekhov, B. Buechner and P. C. Hammel. “Quantitative magnetic force microscopy on permalloy dots using an iron filled carbon nanotube probe." Ultramicroscopy, 111(8) 1360-1365 (2011)

Presentations

Made a poster presentation at Spin Master Voice workshop “Challenges and opportunities of Spin-Transfer Nano-Oscillators”, Château Villiers le Mahieu , France, December 14-16 2011


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Presented an talk “Nanoscale Scanning Probe Magnetic Resonance Imaging and its Applications” at IFW Dresden, Germany, December 19 2011

General NSL Impact Summary

Supervised installation and commissioning of seven new pieces of equipment including 14 T Quantum Design PPMS, Kurt J. Lesker Physical Vapor Deposition system, Evico Magnetics Magneto-Optical Kerr microscope, TerraHz time domain spectrometer, 9 T Quantum Design PPMS, 7 T Quantum Design PPMS and Quantum Design MPMS-XL

Conducted extensive testing and commissioning of a PPMS compatible cryogenic Atomic Force Microscope/Magnetic Force Microscope (AFM/MFM) delivered by ION-TOF GmbH

Supervised installation of a safety shower/eyewash system in NSL clean room as a part of ongoing effort to maintain the highest standards of operational safety

Implemented Local Area Network for NSL instrument computers thus simplifying data transfer and ensuring protection of NSL computers from viruses and malware

Conducted NSL tour for Physics 133 Honors Lab students

Organized a 3-day CEM Workshop on Magnetic Domains. The workshop was sponsored by the OSU Center for Emergent Materials (CEM) and was presented by Dr. Rudolf Schäfer (IFW, Dresden, Germany) on September 19-21, 2011 in room 4138 PRB.

Overall NSL Performance During FY2012

Revenues from user fees: $169,000.00 (increase of 12% compared to FY2011)

Number of supported research groups (PIs): 48(including four industrial customers)

Number of supported users: 163 (increase of 39% compared to FY2011)

Number of accounts/research projects that benefited from NSL use : 120 (increase of 74% compared to FY2011)

Estimated amount of funding in the accounts/research projects that benefited from NSL use: $17M


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IMR Member of Technical Staff 2012 Activity Summary Ms. Aimee Bross Price, Senior Research Associate, Nanotech West Laboratory

Ebeam Lithography

30 individual users performing either direct write EBL or mask fabrication

8 of these have become independent using the tool, with just higher level support from me

Worked with ENCOMM EBL users on process development

Delegated mask wet processing completely to undergraduate interns

$26k Air Force project awarded to NTW based on ebeam work

o ~2yrs of discussion preceding project award

SEM

29 new SEM users trained as compared to 30 last year

New Superuser

Started training uses on EDS/SDD ~ 3 users currently trained

ALD

Took over training/certification from John Carlin – need a new superuser

Run 400+ samples for external company

Spec’d, purchased, and qualified glovebox for ALD precursors (Pete installed)

Orientation Overhaul

Worked with P. Steffen to make orientation more efficient and effective

Resulted in breaking down single long tour into 3 shorter tours

2 New Documents with 1 more to come – BHL tour

In coming year will improve togging documentation (powerpoint, video, etc)

EDS/SDD Detector Purchase

Spec’d, purchased, and qualified Oxford EDS/SDD

including one day trip to M&M Nashville to compare 4 major vendors at one time

A few users at the moment, need to increase usage in the coming year

Training in California for me and possibly D. Ditmer in October ‘12 or January ‘13

Documentation Effort at Nanotech West

TMAH safety – official, was draft last year


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NTW Building Basic Training/Tour

Cleanroom Basic Training/Tour

Engineering Document for Ebeam – ongoing

Revised ETC01 spec

Chemical List – in process

Outreach

Mentored two UA Freshman Girls through entire State Science Fair procedure - from topic choice through award ceremony

Led numerous tours for visiting faculty, faculty candidates, student groups etc.


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Appendix D

2011 – 2012 IMR Facility Grant Awards


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Winter 2012 Facility Grants Awarded by the OSU Institute for Materials Research (IMR)

Eleven new research projects were awarded by the IMR in December 2011, for a total investment of $22,000 in nascent materials research. The eleven projects support faculty researchers from seven departments within the College of Engineering, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, and the Division of Natural and Mathematical Sciences.

Detecting Iron-Bound Proteins with MFM and SQUID Magnetometry Lead Investigator: Gunjan Agarwal, Biomedical Engineering It is well known that iron is an essential element in human physiology; yet too much or too little iron can be quite detrimental. For instance, an increase in body iron stores, termed as iron overload, is a consequence of several pathologies including hemochromatosis, chronic anemia and cirrhosis. When left untreated, iron overload can cause heart arrhythmias and can even lead to cardiac injury and congestive heart failure. The lack of sensitive techniques capable of directly measuring iron content is a major limitation in detecting iron overload. We propose here to adapt bioengineering techniques like SQUID magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy to exploit the magnetic properties of iron-bound proteins for direct evaluation of iron concentration in the blood. Self Patterning of Zirconia Substrate Surfaces for Biological Applications Lead Investigator: Sheikh Akbar, Materials Science and Engineering; Co-Investigator: Jessica Winter, Chemical & Bio-molecular Engineering We have recently discovered a unique nanobar morphology on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) (110) single crystal surfaces by doping with gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC). Our objective is to understand the mechanism by which these nanobars form and align parallel to certain crystallographic directions on the YSZ substrate surface. This work would involve microstructural characterization of the nanobars which would require use of focused ion beam (FIB), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) facilities. Steep Sub-Threshold Si/SiGe and III-V Quantum Tunneling Transistors Lead Investigator: Paul R. Berger, Electrical and Computer Engineering The goal of this project is to rapidly prototype 3-terminal quantum tunneling transistors for steep subthreshold slopes by extending the PI’s extensive work on resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITD). A paradigm shift with future device scaling from standard MOSFET topologies, where temperature effects limit the slope to 60 mV/decade, towards tunneling based incarnations, where tunneling is virtually temperature independent, is envisioned. The PI’s past collaborative work with the Naval Research Laboratory on 2-terminal Si/SiGe tunneling devices has created a library of understanding of tunneling devices and the materials growth and processing necessary to shape well defined degenerately doped quantum wells with active doping above 1020 cm-3 and with a waist of only 1 nm! This know-how will now be applied towards the demonstration of SiGe and III-V tunnel FETs with concurrent high ON currents, low OFF currents and subthreshold slopes below 60 mV/decade.


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Nanoscale Tribocharging Mechanism and Mechanical Properties Investigation of Novel Organic and Inorganic Nano-Object-Petroleum Hybrid Lubricants Lead Investigator: Bharat Bhushan, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The investigation of the effects of tribocharging and scale on mechanical properties of nano-objects, such as nanotubes, nanobuds and nanohorns from compounds such as molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide and carbon and their incorporation into petroleum-based lubricants, is proposed in this research. Incorporating these known solid lubricants into petroleum-based oils may lead to enhanced lubricity, however, as sliding progresses over time, an increase in attractive electrostatic forces could lead to greater adhesion. During sliding, nano-object aggregation may occur, leading to changes in morphology of the adhered nano-objects and change in the mechanical properties. The use of atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) provides the mechanism for the characterization of morphology and charge density. Initially, nano-objects will be deposited on metal and ceramic substrates either as dry nano-objects or as dispersions in petroleum-based oils using a spincoater, then tribocharging studies will be performed using AFM and EFM to correlate adhesion and electrostatic attraction and finally, mechanical properties will be evaluated using the Hysitron nanoindenter. This research will lead to an enhanced understanding of the properties of inorganic nanotube, nanobuds and nanohorns, and will lead to the creation of next generation petroleum-based oils with enhanced properties. High Temperature Irradiation Effects on Optical Fiber Dopant Migration Lead Investigator: Thomas Blue, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering; Co-Investigator: Wolfgang Windl, Materials Science and Engineering We propose to quantify the migration of dopants in silica optical fibers subjected to high temperature operation in a nuclear reactor radiation environment. The results of this work are generally applicable to existing optically based instrumentation and specifically relevant to development of optically based instrumentation for nuclear reactor environments. Optical instrumentation is already commercial-off-the-shelf technology for mundane environments and the purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility of extending the technology to the harsh environments of future high temperature reactors. When optical fibers are heated beyond 400°C, optical attenuation increases even in the absence of radiation. The attenuation increase is a result of several effects including diffusion of dopants within the fiber, diffusion of impurities into the fiber, mechanical stresses, and crystallization of the fiber. Irradiation by neutrons and gamma rays will cause additional damage to the fiber. The effects of these damage mechanisms are difficult to separate and quantify based on optical attenuation data alone. Quantifying the dopant migration and correlating those results with optical attenuation data will enable the separation of the effects and will establish bounding thermal and radiation conditions for long term use of optical instrumentation at high temperatures and in high temperature radiation environments. Ant Neck Joint Testing and Characterization Lead Investigator: Carlos Castro, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Co-Investigator: Blaine Lilly, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering This research seeks to characterize the micromechanical structure-function relation of several species of ants. We hypothesize that the ant’s ability to carry extremely large loads relative to its body mass is the result of a highly integrated system comprised of composite materials, internal muscle mechanisms, and surface microstructure. This work will employ a combination of scanning electron microscopy, microCT imaging, stress-strain experiments, and computational modeling to examine the exoskeleton and underlying tissues in the critical loadbearing regions where the head, thorax, and abdomen join. The results of this research will elucidate composite materials-based mechanisms that facilitate ants’ extraordinary load-carrying capabilities. Future work will apply this knowledge to the design and fabrication of bio-inspired lightweight innovative joints and mechanisms for micro- and macro- scale robotics applications.


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Evaluation of Nano, Micro and Macro Biobased Fillers in Elastomeric Applications Lead Investigator: Katrina Cornish, Horticulture and Crop Science We intend to substitute conventional mineral particulate and fibrous fillers and reinforcing agents used in elastomers with biobased materials made from agricultural byproducts and food processing wastes. We will prepare cellulosics, polysaccharides, proteins, plant-produced minerals and other bio-materials at macro, micro and nano scales, capitalizing on natural chemical and physical diversity. These materials will be incorporated into elastomeric films and compared with commercially-available materials. Applications may include (1) substrates and probiotic films with nutritional cues for controlled cellular adhesion, growth and proliferation, (2) medical gloves and balloons, (3) building materials, and (4) will explore environmental products for wastewater treatment, and oil and gasoline spills. Mechanistic Study of TIO2 Nanowires Grown by Thermal Oxidation of Titanium Alloys Lead Investigator: Suliman Dregia, Materials Science and Engineering; Co-Investigator: Sheikh A. Akbar, Materials Science and Engineering Titanium dioxide nanowires have been grown on titanium alloy substrates by a straightforward one-step heat treatment process. The Ti alloy substrates used contain a mixture of Ti-α and Ti-β phases. The nanowires produced by this method exhibit a strong preference for growth on the β phase. The objective of this proposed study is to use high resolution electron optics and compositional analysis tools to investigate the role alloying elements play in the growth of nanowires in both the α and β phases. With this information we hope to develop a better understanding of the underlying growth mechanism. An Oxygen Release System to Improve Neural Stem Cell Survival During Transplantation Lead Investigator: Jianjun Guan, Materials Science and Engineering NSC transplantation holds a great potential to treat brain diseases, but experiences a high rate of cell death during transplantation. One of the major causes is low oxygen condition at the transplantation site. The goal of this proposal is to create a novel oxygen release system capable of continuously supplying oxygen to NSCs to improve their survival under low oxygen condition. Proposal to Fabricate and Characterize Nanochannel Electroporation Devices Using Semiconductor/Cleanroom Technologies Lead Investigator: Gregory Lafyatis, Physics Nanochannel electroporation (NEP) refers to a very recently developed technique in which a controlled amount of a substance --- e.g. a drug, or targeted RNA, or DNA sample --- is electrically injected through the cell membrane of a biological cell and into the cytoplasm. In contrast to other transfection techniques, such as viral vectors, chemical agents, or even other electrical methods (“electroporation”), NEP enables precise control over the amount or dosage of the transfection agent introduced into the cell with virtually no cell mortality. To date, all devices used to effect NEP have been fabricated using polymer replication processing. Fabricating similar devices using semiconductor processing techniques should allow us to extend the capabilities of NEP beyond the technical limitations of the replication processing. In particular, we will work to make devices that, comparatively, a) are more dimensionally stable b) are specially suited to investigating the science behind NEP c) allow transfection of larger numbers of cells. Transformation Optics from Focused Ion Beams Lead Investigator: Ronald M Reano, Electrical and Computer Engineering In this research project, the use of focused ion beams to achieve large index of refraction gradients required for transformation optics will be investigated. Techniques to reduce and quantify optical losses will be established. The resulting fabrication fidelity will be compared with refractive index requirements from simulated designs.


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Spring/Summer 2012 IMR Facility Grants

Awarded by the OSU Institute for Materials Research (IMR)

Six new research projects were awarded by the IMR in June 2012, for a total investment of $12,000 in nascent materials research. The six projects support faculty researchers from five different departments within the College of Engineering and the Division of Natural and Mathematical Sciences.

Study of Fast Neutron Irradiation Effects on GaN using Depth-resolved Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy Lei (Raymond) Cao, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Gallium Nitride (GaN) is a radiation hard material that has unexplored potentials to be

used as a neutron detector in harsh radiation environment. In this study, we will

investigate the effects of radiation on semi-insulating (SI) and undoped GaN using

depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (DRCLS) to measure the lattice

defects due to neutron irradiation. The relationship between two main defects, termed

“yellow line” (YL) and “blue line” (BL) band will be investigated with different annealing

temperature to determine the evolution of the irradiation-induced defects in GaN. In

addition to the specified goals to be achieved in this project, the research also aims to

obtain preliminary data that could enhance proposals to meet high priority goals of

several federal agencies.

In‐situ detection of CO2 reduction intermediates Anne Co, Chemistry

The detection of reaction intermediates for identifying the mechanistic pathway of a

chemical reaction is crucial in the development of more selective heterogenous

catalysts. In this work, our goal is to utilize surface enhancing nanoporous copper foams

as an ideal substrate for identifying the reaction intermediates of the electroreduction of

CO2.


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Single- and Few-layer transport measurements of Group 14 Graphane Analogues Joshua Goldberger, Chemistry

Graphene's success has shown that it is not only possible to create stable, single-atom

thick sheets of a layered material, but that these materials can have fundamentally

different electronic structures than their parent that are significantly influenced by the

environment. With this IMR facilities grant, we will develop the capabilities of measuring

the transport properties of single-atom and few-layer thick Group 14 graphane

analogues, with a particular emphasis on H- and organic-terminated germananes. We

have successfully synthesized H-terminated germanane and have shown that it has a

1.55 eV direct band gap, that can be tuned from 1.3-1.6 eV depending on the surface

functionalization, which is in sharp contrast to the 0.67 eV indirect gap of bulk Ge.

These electronic measurements will allow us to understand the extent to which we can

manipulate the band structure with surface termination.

Single Cell Culture Wells (SiCCWells) for combinatorial approaches to cell biology Derek Hansford Biomedical Engineering

It is proposed to fabricate and evaluate microdevice platforms that allow combinatorial

culture of individual cells or clusters of cells for biological studies. This application is for

the facilities access and materials to fabricate prototype single cell culture wells

(SiCCWells) to produce preliminary results for proposals to the NIH. Studies showing

the controlled dosage of toxin to individual cells on multiple platform devices will

demonstrate the uniformity of devices and their ability to dose a known amount of

chemical to each cell.


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Development and characterization of a novel direct patterning technique for graphene using Dip-Pen Nanolithography Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin, Physics

Since its experimental discovery by Geim and Novoselov in 2004, the single atomic

layer of graphite known as graphene has proved to be an extremely promising material

for next-generation technology due to a high electron mobility, large thermal

conductivity, durability, and long spin lifetime. Since graphene is only one atomic layer

thick, its properties are strongly influenced by any materials it comes into contact with.

While this can prove useful in many situations, it also makes it difficult to pattern

graphene using typical forms of lithography such as photo- and electron beam-

lithography, which tend to leave damaging resist residues on the surface. We propose

the development of a direct patterning technique known as Dip-Pen Nanolithography

where the fine tip of an Atomic Force Microscope cantilever is used as a pen to transfer

a solution the polar solution of CoCl2 in agarose to the graphene surface. This direct

patterning will act as a non-volatile electrostatic gate, restricting the flow of electrons to

channels, allowing the study of nano- and microscale charge and spin interaction in

graphene.

Using Nanostructured Aerogel Films for Improved Performance of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors Patricia Morris, Materials Science & Engineering

The objective of this project is to use a continuous aerogel film as a gas sensing

element, which has never before been reported. Aerogels are ultra-lightweight materials

synthesized by sol-gel chemistry and are generally composed of metal oxides which

exhibit high porosity and extremely high surface area, a critical characteristic in gas

sensor performance. By using existing in-house deposition systems, this work seeks to

create an aerogel-structured gas sensor with a two- or three-fold increase in usable

surface area over current sensing oxide structures. Once proof of concept has been

established, this work can use the highly-customizable aerogel chemistries to create

devices optimized for applications as dictated by external funding agencies.


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