DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKINGPRESENTED TO: MISS SARA TARIQ

PRESENTED BY:

Fatima Tariq

13041519-004

Ghufran Qamar

13041519-011

Warda Iftikhar

13041519-014

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCES

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT-LAHORE CAMPUS

TOPICS:

Mac OS Components

Installation of TCP/IP Protocol

Configuration of TCP/IP Protocol

Implementation of Recovery Software

WINDOWS COMPONENTS

WINDOWS COMPONENTS

• The main components of Windows when you start your computer are the Desktop, My Computer, Recycle Bin, Start Button, Taskbar, and Shortcuts to applications.

After opening an application, you will also have a window with an active application which will appear in your desktop and taskbar.

THE DESKTOPThe Desktop is the very first screen you see after Windows starts. There you find the folders: My Documents, My Computer, the Recycle Bin and any Shortcuts for applications and files that you have created.

THE TASKBARThe Taskbar is the row at the bottom of the Windows screen where all currently open applications or files are listed. The taskbar is used to select a file or application that is already opened or to put an application in the foreground.

START MENU

Start Menu By clicking the Start button, in the very bottom-left corner of the screen, a vertical window will come up with the Start Menu. The list of submenus in the pop-up window let you navigate and select the application you want to run.

MINIMIZE/MAXIMIZE/CLOSE BUTTONSIn the top-right corner of your document are the Minimize/Maximize/Close buttons.

The first one when clicked minimize your screen, sending it to the taskbar.

The second one maximize your screen, filling all desktop with the document you are working with.

The last button is used to close your document. It is best practice to work with your document window maximized.

MY COMPUTER

When you double-click on the My Computer icon on the desktop, it will open a window similar to the one shown, where you can navigate between the computer's drives and Control Panel tools.

RIGHT AND LEFT CLICKTo use the mouse, usually you click the left button.

However you can also right-click to display a hidden menu related to the object you are in when clicking.

This menu can vary depending on which application you are using. With right-clicking, you can operate different functions such as:

Copy/cut or paste a text, file, or folder, Rename or delete a file or folder.

MULTITASKING

The term multitasking means to be running or working in two or more applications at the same time.

You can be more productive by multitasking. For instance, you can download files from the Internet while managing your files or word processing.

In order to switch between the applications you can use the Taskbar, clicking on the icon of the application you want to have in the foreground.

RECYCLE BIN

When you delete a file from your computer's hard drive, it is removed to the folder called Recycle Bin.

Files deleted from your hard drive are still available for restoring if needed, unless you empty your Recycle Bin. 

WINDOWS ACTION CENTERCentralizes and reports on the status of anti-virus, Automatic Updates, Windows Firewall, and other security-related components of the operating system

DISK DEFRAGMENTERRearranges files stored on a hard disk to occupy contiguous storage locations in order to optimize computer performance

WINDOWS INSTALLER

An engine for the management of software installation. Includes a GUI framework, automatic generation of the uninstallation sequence and deployment capabilities for corporate networks.

APPLICATIONS AND UTILITIES

CALCULATOR

A calculation application

PAINTA simple graphics painting program  

NOTEPAD

A simple text editor

APPLICATIONS AND UTILITIES

WINDOWS MEDIA CENTERLets users browse and view pictures, videos, and music from local hard drives, optical drives, and network locations

DISK CLEANUPA utility for compacting rarely used files and removing files that are no longer required

SNIPPING TOOLA screen-capture tool that allows for taking screenshots (called snips)

APPLICATIONS AND UTILITIES

WINDOWS ERROR REPORTING

Generates error logs and reports errors.

WINDOWS UPDATEProvides updates for the operating system and its installed components

PLUG AND PLAY

Enables auto detection and configuration of hardware

INSTALLATION OF TCP/IP PROTOCOL

INSTALLING TCP/IP

• When viewing the list of components for a network interface, you may notice that the Uninstall button is disabled when Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is selected.

• In Windows XP, the TCP/IP stack is considered a core component of the operating system; therefore, it is not possible to uninstall TCP/IP in Windows XP.

• In extreme cases, reinstalling the Internet Protocol stack may be the most appropriate solution.

Click StartClick Network And Internet

Connections

LOCAL AREA CONNECTION PROPERTIES

Right-click on the Local Area Connection corresponding to the NIC for which you want to configure the network protocols and select Properties

LOCAL AREA CONNECTION PROPERTIES

If the protocol you want to install isn’t listed, you’ll need to add it.

First, make sure that the network client and service are installed.

If these components are already available, click the Install button.

INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP/IP) PROPERTIES

Ensure that Obtain IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically are selected.

INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP/IP) PROPERTIES

To specify an IP address, you’ll have to provide the associated subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses.

Once you’ve entered the IP address and its associated subnet mask, along with the addresses for the default gateway and DNS servers, click OK. When entering IP addresses, type periods to separate your dotted-decimal entries. Use the [Tab] key to move from box to box.

INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP/IP) PROPERTIESAfter you’ve provided the necessary addresses, you can click the Advanced button and specify any WINS servers you want to use. Click on the WINS tab, enter the WINS server address, and then click OK.

In the WINS tab, you can specify whether to enable LMHOSTS lookup and NetBIOS over TCP/IP. You can also specify that the NetBIOS configuration be set based on a DHCP server setting (if you're using DHCP). Click OK once you’ve set these values.

Click OK, click OK again, and click Close. Finally, close the Network And Dial-Up Connections box, and you should find your network connection working properly.

CONFIGURATION OF TCP/IP PROTOCOL

There are two paths to the Windows XP

TCP/IP Configuration Panel. Choose the

access method that you prefer:

Click Start Network Connections

Click Start Select Properties

OR

NETWORK BRIDGE PROPERTIES

The following procedure steps through the Windows XP Professional TCP/IP configuration process:

On some installations the interface will be called Local Area Connection and on others it will be called Network Bridge. On our system it is called Network Bridge.

Right-click on Network Bridge Properties.

INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP/IP) PROPERTIES

The Network Bridge Configuration, or Local Area Connection, panel is used to set TCP/IP protocol settings. In This connection uses the following items: 

Dialog box Click on Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), then click on Properties.

The default setting is DHCP-enabled operation (i.e., “Obtain an IP address automatically”).

INTERNET PROPERTIES (TCP/IP) PROPERTIES

Many network administrators will want to use DHCP to configure all client TCP/IP protocol stack settings.

If it is necessary to provide a fixed IP address, click on “Use the following IP address” and enter the IP Address, the subnet mask, and the default gateway address in the boxes provided.

ADVANCED NETWORK SETTINGS

Click the Advanced button to proceed with TCP/IP configuration. This opens a panel in which it is possible to create additional IP addresses for this interface. The technical name for the additional addresses is IP aliases, and additionally this panel permits the setting of more default gateways (routers). In most cases where DHCP is used, it will not be necessary to create additional settings.

DNS CONFIGURATION

Fixed settings may be required for DNS and WINS if these settings are not provided automatically via DHCP.

 Click the DNS tab to add DNS server settings. The example system uses manually configured DNS settings. When finished making changes, click the OK to commit the settings.

WINS CONFIGURATION

Click the WINS tab to add manual WINS server entries. This step demonstrates an example system that uses manually configured WINS settings. When finished making changes, click OK to commit the settings.

So, This is how TCP/IP Protocol can be Configured

Successfully…

BEWARE!!

The most common errors that can afflict Windows networking systems include:

Incorrect IP Address.

Incorrect or Inconsistent Net-Masks.

Incorrect Router Address.

Incorrect DNS Server Address.

Incorrect WINS Server Address.

IMPLEMENTATION OF RECOVERY SOFTWARE

GO TO THE WEBSITE OF RUNTIME RECOVERY SOFTWARE

DOWNLOAD IT BY CLICKING ON THE ‘FREE DOWNLOAD’ BUTTON. THE SETUP WILL BE DOWNLOADED

INSTALLATION WIZARD WILL APPEAR FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTION. CLICK NEXT.

AGREE TO THE LICENSE AGREEMENT BY CHECKING THE BOX. CLICK NEXT

SPECIFY THE DESTINATION FOLDER. CLICK NEXT AGAIN.

SELECT THE PROGRAM GROUP.

PROGRAM IS READY TO INSTALL. CLICK NEXT.

CLICK THE FINISH BUTTON TO COMPLETE THE INSTALLATION.

NOW TO RECOVER THE DATA, SPECIFY WHICH DRIVE YOU WANT TO RECOVER.

SCAN WILL BE STARTED AND PROGRAM WILL SEARCH FOR FILE SYSTEMS.

SCAN WILL FOUND ALL THE LOST DATA FROM DRIVE.

RECOVER YOUR DATA FROM THE LIST APPEARED.

That’s ALL…

QUESTIONS!?