Installation and Commissioning of the Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility

A. Nagler1, D. Berkovits1, Y. Buzaglo1, I. Gertz1, A. Grin1, I. Mardor1, L. Weissman1, F. Kremer2, K. Dunkel2, C. Piel2

1Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel2Accel Instruments, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany

WAO 2007

September 25th, 2007

225/9/2007

Topics of the Talk

Brief overview of SARAF

The specialty of SARAF

The commissioning plan and its execution

Summary and Conclusions

325/9/2007

SARAF LayoutParameterParameter ValueValue CommentComment

Ion Species Protons/Deuterons M/q ≤ 2

Energy Range 5 – 40 MeV

Current Range 0.04 – 2 mA Upgradeable to 4 mA

Operation 6000 hours/year

Reliability 90%

Maintenance Hands-On Very low beam loss

Nagler et el., LINAC 2006

425/9/2007

SARAF Phase I – Detailed Design (2006)

EIS LEBT

RFQ PSM D-Plate

Beam Dump

MEBT

Extracted from a 3D model of SARAF developed under “Inventor 3D” (CAD application)

3D model was crucial for:

• The detailed design of infrastructure interfaces

• Installation of all accelerator components

525/9/2007

SARAF Phase I – As installed (2006)

PSM is temporarily off the beam line to enable parallel commissioning

625/9/2007

The specialty of SARAF (1)0.04 - 2 mA of protons and deuterons, CW, at energies 5 - 40 MeV, with hands-on maintenance

Flexible, independently phased design

Very low beam loss required (1 nA/meter)

Beam dynamics calculations focused on beam loss

40 MeV

31

725/9/2007

The specialty of SARAF (2)

Superconducting acceleration starting at 1.5 MeV/uSC Linac based on Half Wave Resonators (HWR)Separation of vacuum between beam line and cryostat4-Rod RFQ with a heat flux of 60 kW/m

Prototype Superconducting Module (PSM)

Beam

Novel design

Pekeler et el., LINAC 2006

825/9/2007

The Specialty of SARAF (3)

Accelerator – Accel Instruments (Germany)

Cryogenics – Linde Kryotechnik (Switzerland)

Building and Infrastructure – U. Doron (Israel)

Applications - Soreq

Overall Integration – Soreq

Construction and Commissioning of a (Beyond-)State-of-the-Art accelerator within an international business collaboration

925/9/2007

The Construction and Commissioning Group

SARAF engineering group members - SoreqSoreqElectrical EngineerElectrical Engineer (Control Systems, Infrastructure, RF)

Mechanical EngineerMechanical Engineer (Cryogenics, Vacuum)

Physicist Physicist (Accelerator, Diagnostics, Beam lines)

Industrial EngineerIndustrial Engineer (Maintenance, Documentation)

Safety SpecialistSafety Specialist (“online” safety, procedures for present and future)

Two techniciansTwo technicians (part time)

Installation and commissioning teams from Accel InstrumentsAccel Instruments and Linde-KryotechnikLinde-KryotechnikDetails in talk by I. Gertz tommorow

1025/9/2007

Installation and Commissioning of Auxiliary systems

Install as many auxiliary systems as possible (RF, Magnets power supplies, PLCs, Cryogenic Plant) in parallel and as soon as possible and commission with dummy loads

Cold Box LHe Dewar

Vaporizer

LEBT Rack MEBT

Rack

RFQ-RF System

PSM-RF PSM Control

D-Plate Rack

Beam Dump Rack

Cooling water

Floating floor

RF and control racks as installed

1125/9/2007

Installation of Cryogenic Plant

Beam Corridor

Energy Center

Accelerator Building

Service Corridor

Linde TCF50 Coldbox

1225/9/2007

Installation and Commissioning of Personal Safety System (PSS)

Controlled entry to the accelerator area

PSS Station at the Main Control Room

1325/9/2007

Installation and Commissioning of RFQ

Install RFQ (most rigid component) and perform RF conditioning

Control system application of RFQ-RFThe RFQ as installed in beam corridor

1425/9/2007

Installation and Commissioning of Ion Source and LEBT

Commissioning performed with Diagnostics and Faraday Cup in LEBT

20(40) keV, 5mA p(d) 100(200) W

Measure current, emittance and their stability using LEBT

Low power enables CW commissioning

Pulsed commissioning also needed for higher energy

ECRIon Source

Slits, Wires,Faraday Cup

LEBT

1525/9/2007

Preliminary Commissioning results of Ion Source and LEBT

Ion Beam Current [mA]

Emittance rms 100% beam

[π mm mrad]

Proton 5.0 0.20

Proton 2.0 0.18

Proton 0.04 0.14

Deuteron 5.0 0.15

Beam stability over 1 hour±2.5% at 6.3 mA protons

Beam current adjustmentBy variable aperture

Kremer et el., PAC 2007, ICIS 2007

Deuteron beam, 5mA, norm, rms,100% = 0.15x-x’ contour plot y-y’ contour plot

y’ [mrad

]

y [mm]x [mm]

1625/9/2007

Seforad 3He neutron spectrometer

Snoopy neutron monitor

Faraday Cup

First nuclear reactions at SARAF with deuterons (1)

Even 40 keV deuterons generate nuclear reactions

In our case, beam deuterons interact with deuterons that are adsorbed in the graphite Faraday Cup

d+D 3He+n (En=2.45 MeV)

At 5 mA, neutron flux was measure to be ~1.2×107 n/sec, corresponding to ~68 mrem/hr

Flux is about a factor of 7 less then original calculations which were the basis of the shielding design

Ion Source

LEBT

1725/9/2007

1.E+00

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Detector energy (keV)

Co

un

ts (

a.u

.)

Thermal neutrons FWHM=20 keVQ

En+Q full peak

En elastic scattering on protons

3/4En elastic scattering on 3He

2.45 MeV neutrons FWHM=85 keV

First nuclear reactions at SARAF with deuterons (2)

Neutron reaction inside detector:

3He + n 3H + p + Q(764 keV)

Peak efficiency for 2.45 MeV neutrons is ~ 2.5 10-5

Full efficiency is ~ 1.5 10-3 (good agreement with Beimer NIM A245 (1986) 402)

1825/9/2007

Installation and Commissioning of MEBT and D-Plate

Install and commission MEBT and custom D-Plate (current, energy, transverse and longitudinal emittance, beam halo)

The SARAF Diagnostic Plate (D-Plate)

Beam

650 mm MEBT between RFQ (right) and D-Plate (left) including 3 quadrupoles, 3 sets of streerers, 2 sets of wire scanners, 2 BPM (phase probes)

Piel et el., PAC 2007

1925/9/2007

Protons Commissioning of RFQ usingD-Plate and custom beam dump (1)

1.5(3.0) MeV, 2mA p(d) 3(6) kW

Maximum beam on diagnostics – 200W. High power requires pulsed beam

Pulsing established by combining low DF Ion Source pulses with shifted high DF (99%) RFQ pulsing, in order to test RFQ rods at CW power

Piel et el., PAC 2007

2025/9/2007

Protons Commissioning of RFQ usingD-Plate and custom beam dump (2)

Beam Energy Measurement using TOFbetween 2 BPMs sum signals, 145 mm

apart, E = 1.504 ± 0.012 MeVE = 1.504 ± 0.012 MeV

X and Y transverse beam profiles as measured by wire scanners in D-Plate There is no effect of the RFQ power duty cycle on beam position or shape

Piel et el., PAC 2007

2125/9/2007

Protons Commissioning of RFQ usingD-Plate and custom beam dump (3)

INPUT Raw Data Sampling rate: 20GS/s, Pfor = 58.3 kW (M3)

-5,00E-03

0,00E+00

5,00E-03

1,00E-02

1,50E-02

5,E-07 5,E-07 5,E-07 5,E-07 5,E-07 6,E-07

Time [s]

Am

pl [

mV

]

FFC measurement after averaging @ Pfor=58.3 kW

-0,002

0,000

0,002

0,004

0,006

0,008

0,010

0,012

0,0E+00 1,0E-09 2,0E-09 3,0E-09 4,0E-09 5,0E-09 6,0E-09

Time [s]

Am

plit

ud

e [

mV

]After FFT corrected [mV]

Fast Faraday Cup (FFC) raw data of measured longitudinal beam profiles. The overall bandwidth is 6 GHz which allows measurement of bunch length > 26 psec

Measured longitudinal beam profile after averaging of up to 100 bunches of one macro-pulse and a Fourier correction. The FFC can be used in combination with a superconducting. cavity operated as a buncher for longitudinal emittance measurements.

Piel et el., PAC 2007

2225/9/2007

Installation of Prototype Superconducting Module (PSM)

Installation period

Helium pipes

RF Connections

PSM interfaces

2325/9/2007

Integration of PSM and Cryogenic PlantEstablished the very stringent pressure stability requirement (1200.0 ± 1.5 mbar),which is needed for operating a high-Q superconducting cavities

LHe Pressure

LHe Level

Linde Kryotechnik AG control system screen

2425/9/2007

Commissioning of the Control System

Most applications are being developed and upgraded during commissioning and used mainly by experts

Overview of the SARAF Main Control Room Main accelerator vacuum control screen

2525/9/2007

Further actions in commissioning plan

Perform PSM RF conditioning and establish quality curves (Q vs. E)

PSM beam commissioning using D-plate and custom beam dump

4-5 MeV, 2 mA p/d 8-10 kW

Main Control System operating screens for operators will be finalized at the end of commissioning

Final Acceptance Test

Beam Characterization, towards Phase II of SARAF

2625/9/2007

Construction and Commissioning Time Table (1)

Cryogenic plant and RFQ-RF (11/2005)

Standard systems, custom designed for SARAF

Installation + commissioning ~6 months for each system - within schedule

PSM RF and LLRF (4/2006)

Special developments for SARAF, technology is well known

Installation + commissioning ~2 months - within schedule

2725/9/2007

Construction and Commissioning Time Table (2)

Ion Source, LEBT, RFQ, MEBT, PSM, D-Plate (6/2006)

Advanced technology, part of it beyond the existing state of the art

Combined installation time of all components 4 months - within schedule

Planned commissioning time 6 months

Probable commissioning time > 18 months

2825/9/2007

Reasons for delays in accelerator commissioning

Ion SourceDelays in achieving the required performance, especially for H2

+ (used for mimicking deuterons and enhancement of proton flux on targets)

RFQSeveral component failures

RF conditioning much longer than expected

Vacuum leaks

Cryogenic plantInstabilities in control system

Helium impurities

2925/9/2007

Installation and Commissioning Documentation

Installation and commissioning plans laid out very roughly. Detailed plans compiled on a monthly or weekly basis

Acceptance of systems performed according to detailed protocols

3025/9/2007

Summary

Phase I of SARAF is now under commissioning

Commissioning will end by mid 2008

Full operation should commence by 2012

The specialty of SARAF and its commissioning process were presented

We hope to report on successful commissioning and operation in the next WAO’s