1 Adolescent Development 48.212: Dr. Jeffrey Leitzel Chapter Five: Peer Groups.
Instability in adolescent peer groups
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Instability in adolescent peer groups Jill Antonishak Alison K. W. Schlatter Joseph P. Allen University of Virginia Collaborators F. Christy McFarland Elizabeth Ball Jennifer Haynes Katie Little Nell Manning Melinda Rosenbaum L. Wrenn Thompson
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Instability in adolescent peer groups. Jill Antonishak Alison K. W. Schlatter Joseph P. Allen University of Virginia. Collaborators F. Christy McFarlandElizabeth BallJennifer Haynes Katie LittleNell ManningMelinda Rosenbaum L. Wrenn Thompson. Changes in adolescent friendships. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Instability in adolescent peer groups
Instability in adolescent
peer groups
Jill AntonishakAlison K. W. Schlatter
Joseph P. AllenUniversity of Virginia
Collaborators
F. Christy McFarland Elizabeth Ball Jennifer Haynes
Katie Little Nell Manning Melinda Rosenbaum
L. Wrenn Thompson
Changes in adolescent friendshipsPeer groups are fluid (Cairns et al., 1995;
Neckerman, 1996)
Most youth experience transitions in their affiliative ties (e. g., Hardy, Bukowski, & Sippola, 2002; Berndt, Hawkins, & Jiao, 1999)
Most research has focused on the disintegration of dyadic relationships (e.g., Benenson & Christakos, 2003; Berndt, Hawkins, & Hoyle, 1986; Bowker, 2004)
Limited research on peer group instability (Parker & Seal, 1996)
Research questionsDo adolescent peer groups
become more stable over time?Are there patterns of instability
that may be more problematic for adolescents?
What are the predictors and sequelae of peer group instability?
Participants179 participantsEqual number of males and
femalesAssessed annually beginning at
age 13Socio-economically diverse
(median income=$40-60,000)31% African American; 69%
European American
Changes in peer group
Teen
MeasuresCBCL - Externalizing scale (Achenbach
& Edelbrock, 1983)
Child Depression Inventory (Kovacs & Beck, 1977)
Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment – Peer Alienation scale (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987)
Friendship Quality Questionnaire (Parker & Asher, 1993)
Self-perception Profile for Adolescents – Self-worth Scale (Harter, 1988)
Peer group instability trajectories
Latent growth curve model
0
5
10
15
20
7-8th gr 8-9th gr 9-10th gr 10-11th gr
χ2/df =5.66, 6; RMSEA=.03 (CI=0, .09); CFI=1.00
Growth mixture modelingPopulation is composed of
distinct subgroupsThree class model
Increasing (28)Chronic High (73)Low (78)
Groups should be validated by distal outcomes (Muthén, 2001)
Means for GMM classes
Externalizing behaviors
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Externalizing behaviors
Low
Increasing
High
High >LowF=3.76, p<.05
Alienation from peers
0
5
10
15
20
Alienation from peers
Low
Increasing
High
Increasing>Low & ChronicF=3.86, p<.05
Negative friendship quality
20
25
30
35
Conflict and betrayal
Low
Increasing
High
Low>Increasing & ChronicF=5.28, p<.01
Higher scores are less conflict and betrayal
Positive Friendship Quality
100
110
120
130
Warmth and support
Low
Increasing
High
Low>Increasing & ChronicF=3.28, p<.05
Self-worth
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Self-worth
Low
Increasing
High
Chronic & low>Increasing F=5.19, p<.01
Depression
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Depression
Low
Increasing
High
Predictors and sequelaeLatent difference score models
(McArdle & Hamagami, 2001)
Considers changes within a variable and the time-ordered relationships between variables
How are changes in instability related to changes in adjustment?
y1 y2 y3 y4
Δx2
Δy2 Δy3 Δy4
Δx3 Δx4
y1 y2 y3 y4
x1 x2 x3 x4
x1 x2 x3 x4
x0
y0
ex
ey
σx0,y0
y1 y2 y3 y4
Δx2
Δy2 Δy3 Δy4
Δx3 Δx4
y1 y2 y3 y4
x1 x2 x3 x4
x1 x2 x3 x4
Kxs
ys
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y0
y0*
ys*
xs*
x0*
ex
ey
αy
αx
σx0,ys
σy0,xs
σx0,y0
y1 y2 y3 y4
Δx2
Δy2 Δy3 Δy4
Δx3 Δx4
y1 y2 y3 y4
x1 x2 x3 x4
x1 x2 x3 x4
Kxs
ys
x0
y0
y0*
ys*
xs*
x0*
ex
ey
βx βx βx
βy βy βy
αy
αx
σx0,ys
σy0,xs
σx0,y0
y1 y2 y3 y4
Δx2
Δy2 Δy3 Δy4
Δx3 Δx4
y1 y2 y3 y4
x1 x2 x3 x4
x1 x2 x3 x4
Kxs
ys
x0
y0
y0*
ys*
xs*
x0*
ex
σy
γy γy γy
βx βx βx
βy βy βy
αy
αx
σx0,ys
σy0,xs
σx0,y0
y1 y2 y3 y4
Δx2
Δy2 Δy3 Δy4
Δx3 Δx4
y1 y2 y3 y4
x1 x2 x3 x4
x1 x2 x3 x4
Kxs
ys
x0
y0
y0*
ys*
xs*
x0*
ex
ey
γx γx γx
βx βx βx
βy βy βy
αy
αx
σx0,ys
σy0,xs
σx0,y0
y1 y2 y3 y4
Δx2
Δy2 Δy3 Δy4
Δx3 Δx4
y1 y2 y3 y4
x1 x2 x3 x4
x1 x2 x3 x4
Kxs
ys
x0
y0
y0*
ys*
xs*
x0*
ex
ey
γy γy γy γx γx γx
βx βx βx
βy βy βy
αy
αx
σx0,ys
σy0,xs
σx0,y0
Coupling parameters
Instability→y y→Instability Externalizing .26* (2.3) ns
Alienation .42* (2.0) 1.51** (3.1)
Conflict and betrayal
ns 1.46* (2.0)
Warmth and support
-4.80* (2.1) -.20** (3.0)
Self-worth -.35* (2.0) -2.13* (2.3)
T-values in parentheses
ConclusionsOverall, adolescents peer
groups remain stable over time, but there is considerable heterogeneity
Some patterns of instability are linked to adjustment outcomes
Transactional framework (Caspi, Elder, Bem, 1987)
