• inspiration from research When designing our steady hand game we

will need to think about the following : • developing concept

ideas

evaluating our research findings.

• modifying ideas, testing + modelling

evaluating your design ideas and testing them out.

• detailing the final design.

evaluating + refining our design thinking to make

sure they work.

CONCEPTS

This stage is all about recording your ideas very quickly.Do not get caught up with the details. As you explore each idea you can add detail such as colour later on

Remember – the game needs to be as innovative as possible so invest your time and

effort into being creative. Think about the other successful products you saw in your research.

Do not assume that your first idea will be the best

TASK: Sketch and describe some interesting ideas

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

tweezers- easy to make

fork- possibly dangerous

pliers- hard to use in small space

spike/rod- possibly dangerous

glove- tube would need to be bigger

Other considerations :-tube (inside the ‘bomb’)-must conduct electricitybombs are not square – needs to be roundbombs not a suitable idea for a child's toy

child could get his or her hand stuck inside

In design development we try to refine ideas by considering the user. We use our research to improve ideas and decide if they are feasible,

TASK: Add notes and sketches to evaluate ideas, and describe the changes they might need to improve them. Get your friends to give you suggestions

conduct electricity

be safe

collect the cube

possible ideas

the handle must

DEVELOPING AN IDEA This stage is all about developing one or

more of your ideas. Here you can evaluate the idea and begin to add some detail

Consider each idea against

your specification. Think about how you could make the

product. Is it feasible?

Asking the opinion of others could be useful at this stage

TASK: Produce more detailed drawings of your best ideas. Label the parts. Refer to your specification points

OVERALLTHEME

Thinking about materials could help you make the correct decisions

This idea could use a card tube with conducting foil inside.

As a result of asking the

opinions of others, our research has shown that

the puzzle wire game will be more popular if it has a theme.

Developing another idea

TASK: In order to improve all or some of your best idea or ideas, produce an image board that is relevant to your project

NEWTHEME

Once you have an idea

an image board can

help stimulate or improve ideas.

Collect images related to your theme and scanning them carefully to help to give you ideas.

Finding inspiration

Start withan image

Ideas can be produced using CADAlternative shapes and colours tried out quickly

Shapes can

be traced and then

modified to suit your design

DEVELOPING ANOTHER IDEA

Produced using 2D Design Tools V2

The PIC circuit

A suitable PIC circuit is the CH1040 circuit from Revolution Education. It has one input and four outputs, one of which can provide music through a piezo sounder.It is essential to make templates of this circuit and the batteries before developing our design further.It also enables us to accurately model our ideas in card so that we can get all our measurements correct.

Here are three arrangements for the circuit board and battery pack

TASK: Make full scale templates of a circuit and battery pack

MODELLING AN IDEA

Quick card modelling is a very effective ways to test out how a design ideas is working. Making card templates

of your circuit and battery helps to make sure that they

will fit the design idea that is being developed.

What advantages does the designer have by making models?

TASK: Make full scale models of your best idea in order to test them and estimate how much material you will need

MODELLING AN IDEA

After completing a satisfactory card model we

can use computer aided design (CAD) to develop the chosen idea further and prepare for computer aided manufacture.

Export the drawing into ProDesktop. Copy it. Then

extrude it by 3mm. Finally add the previously made

components – battery box

and circuit board

The circuit boards opposite has already been drawn and rendered using ProDesktop

TASK:Produce a CAD drawing of your best idea or model.

MODELLING AN IDEA

Not only is the ProDesktop a very realistic representation of a final idea but it also allows you evaluate the appearance after making changes.

Even the colour of the LEDs can be changed

DETAIL DESIGNING

When fitting components such as circuits, batteries, LEDs, sounders and switches we have to follow certain rules:• All components must be fully secure in the case

• All components must be accessible for repair or replacement

• Components should be placed in a way that minimises wiring• There should be as little bare wires showing as possible

• It should be possible to remove components when required

• The entire product should be designed in a way that allows disassembly and

recycling at the end of its life – sustainable design

Detail designing is about making the correct decisions about what goes where and how. If you get this wrong then your product may be hard to use or even dangerous.

TASK: Annotate your final design to show that you have considered all of the above

DETAIL DESIGNING

FITTING CIRCUIT BOARDS

Most circuit boards have a

hole in each corner. You can

use these in several ways.

Drill holes through the sides of

the case then fit small screws

that attach these PCB pillars to the case

Drill holes through the sides of the case. Fit a long screw all the way through, including the circuit

board. Use a plastic tube to

act as a spacer to keep the board away from the case

PCB

Case

Spacer

Use very small self tapping screws to attach the circuit board to

two strips of wood. Glue the wood to the inside of the case.

PCB

Case

Wood

DETAIL DESIGNING

FITTING CIRCUIT BOARDS

Circuit boards can held in

place using a slot or groove in a block.

You could cut the slot with a

saw or make up the holder using layers of wood or plastic.

Which method?This usually depends

on your budget, your

available equipment and the type of

material you are making the case out of. Some methods also take longer and need

more accuracy in manufacturing.Lining up holes before drilling can be difficult by hand but easy using CAM.

FITTING BATTERIES

DETAIL DESIGNING

The most common types of standard battery used in electronic products are:• the PP3 9V ‘square’ battery• the AA ‘penlight’ battery in series to produce 3v, 4.5v or 6v

Sheet metal such as aluminium or 2mm rigid polystyrene can be formed into PP3 holders. The material chosen needs to be springy

Another way is to make a little box to hold the battery in place

Each battery poses its own storage problems in electronic products.

The key when designing is to remember that batteries have to be changed!

Possible ways holding the batteries in place

A PP3 holder but these are expensive

The PICAXE circuit

DETAIL DESIGNING

CH104008M PicAxe

TASK:Draw the final design with ALL the detail needed to make it. Show how and where all the parts fit in your toy. Put measurements or dimensions on your drawing.

Here is the USB connector. You connect this to your PC and write your programme. You then download to the chip

This circuit board has three LED outputs.

This is the input connection on the PICAXE circuit. The PICAXE chip can detect contact between the wires.

This is the Piezo Sounder output.It is controlled by the sound and tune command.

PROGRAMMING in PICAXE BASIC – PART 1

DETAIL DESIGNING

The three LEDs are controlled by written instructions you type into software called PROGRAMMING EDITOR

The instruction or command for turning on an output (and

therefore an LED) is high followed by the output number.

This output is currently connected to the RED LED and is known as output 0 so the correct command to turn on that LED is high 0. What command turns to turn it off is low

PROGRAMMING in PICAXE BASIC – PART 1

DETAIL DESIGNING

This output is currently connected to the YELLOW LED and is known as output 1 so the correct command to turn on that LED is high 1.

The Piezo Sounder is on output 2 and the switch is on output 3. Therefore it is the GREEN LED that is on output 4 so is controlled by high 4

You can control how long an output stays on or off by using either a wait or a pause instruction

For example:

wait 5 will keep an output on for five seconds

pause 500 will keep an output on for 500 milliseconds or 0.5 seconds

PROGRAMMING in PICAXE BASIC – PART 2

DETAIL DESIGNING

A programme is a sequence of instructions that the picaxe chip will obey in a logical order. If our instructions are in the right order then the sequence will work correctly.

Here is a simple programme:

main:high 0low 4pause 250low 0high 4pause 250goto main

This programme is called ‘main’

These control the outputs

These control the outputs

The ¼ second delay

The ¼ second delay

This loops the program back to the start again so it carries on and on and on!

PROGRAMMING in PICAXE BASIC – PART 2

DETAIL DESIGNING

The programme must have the correct syntax – correct spelling, lower case, spaces, brackets and colons when required etc. Care is needed.

Here is another LED flashing programme:

main:high 0wait 2high 1wait 2high 4wait 2low 0low 1low 4goto main

This programme is called ‘main’

Turn on red LED

Now turn on the Yellow LED

The 2 second delay

Finally the green LED

This loops the program

These turn off all the LEDs Task: Type this

programme into Programming Editor and download it into your PICAXE circuit

PROGRAMMING in PICAXE BASIC – PART 2

DETAIL DESIGNING

1. Which command turns on a output 4?

2. Which instruction gives a 3 second time delay?

3. What does the command low 0 do?

4. What does the following programme do?main:high 4pause 500low 4pause 500

5. What line could you add to Q.4 to make it loop continuously

ANSWERS1. high 42. wait 33. Turn off output/LED 04. Turn output 4 on for ½ second then off5. goto main

Quiz

PROGRAMMING in PICAXE BASIC – PART 2

DETAIL DESIGNING

We can use the sounder on output 2 to provide simple sounds

main:high 0high 1low 4sound 2,(120,30)low 0high 4sound 2,(60,30)goto main

The correct syntax is : sound 2,(note,duration)

The note can be any value from 0 to 127 (0 is silent)

The duration can be any value from 0 to 255, each number is a multiple of 10milliseconds. For example 100 will last one second

Typical programme with sound

PROGRAMMING in PICAXE BASIC – PART 2

DETAIL DESIGNING

We can also use the sounder on output 2 to provide simple music

The correct syntax is : tune 0, 2,(note,note,note…)

Unless you are a composer it is best to download tunes from this linkhttp://www.rev-ed.co.uk/picaxe/software.htmand paste them into your programme

Typical programme with music

www.rev-ed.co.uk/docs/picaxe_manual2.pdf

PROGRAMMING in PICAXE BASIC – PART 3

DETAIL DESIGNING

The PIC chip circuit has one input. These are the two wiresWhen these wires touch or connected through a switch the PIC chip can sense it.

main:If pin3=1 then flashredgoto mainflashred:high 0wait 3low 0 goto main

Loop: to check all the time

Task:Type this programme into Programming Editor and download it into your PICAXE circuit.

One of the wires is connected to pin3 of the PIC and the other joins the positive of the battery.When the wires touch pin3 becomes ‘1’ otherwise pin3 is ‘0’

Next part of the program

Do the wires touch? If so go to flashred

Turns on the red LEDKeeps LED on for 3 seconds

Turns off the red LED

Goes back to the start

PROGRAMMING in PICAXE BASIC – PART 3

DETAIL DESIGNING

Task:

One possible solution to the steady hand game would be to have a tune play and

the LEDs light up when you touch the puzzle wire with the handle wire.

Write a programme that does these things.

Some useful commandshighlowtuneif.....thenwaitpausegoto

main:if pin3 = 1 then flashgoto mainflash:high 0high 1high 4tune0,2,($22,$26,$24,$22,$29,$27,$26,$02,$02,$6B,$41,$C2,$27,$29,$26,$22,$64,$E6,$64,$E2,$E9,$C2,$29,$26,$22,$22,$21,$22,$E4,$29,$29,$29,$66,$67,$E9,$02,$02,$02,$6B,$41,$C2,$27,$29,$26,$22,$64,$E6,$64,$E2)low 0low 1low 4

Here is one possible correct solutionThe tune is ‘Hen Wlad fy Nhadau’

Make sure you understand the role of each command in the programme

PROGRAMMING in PICAXE BASIC – PART 3

DETAIL DESIGNING

There are many lines in this programme. Go through each one and describe what each one does. Then describe what should happen when you run the programme in your PIC circuit

Task:You now have enough

knowledge to write a programme for your

electronic toy design.

Print out ideas and your final

working solution.

Annotate the ideas to explain what you are doing.

Quiz