3D Scanning: The Bridge Between the Real World and the Computer

www.scansite.com

Lisa Federici, CEOScansite3D

Booth #620

Presented at ‘Inside 3D Printing’

Santa Clara, CA10/21/2015

• Three axes (X,Y,Z) arranged in an orthogonal pattern

• Probe can be run by a computer or operator

• Measurements are offset to compensate for size of probe

CMMCoordinate Measurement Machine

LiDARLight Detection and Ranging

(Time of Flight Scanners)

• Based on the Speed of Light

• Calculates time it takes laser to reach object & reflect back to sensor

• Millions of laser pulses return to sensor to calculate distance

• Rotating laser & sensor (usually via a mirror)

• Scanner can scan full 360 degrees around itself.

• Ability to scan from moving vehicle

LASER

• Most common scanning worldwide

• Uses triangulation

• The scanner analyzes where the laser interacts with the object relative to the laser source.

• All data from scan is analyzed and a digital representation is created.

• Projects moiré fringe pattern onto the object

• Video Camera records how features on object distort patterns

• Scanner analyzes distortions & creates 3D digital representation

Structured Light

Resolution? Sampling Density?

What does it really mean?

How many points are collected in a given area?

Low Resolution High Resolution

Data from scanner with lower point collection

Data from scanner with high point collection

Accuracy?

How close is single point to true surface?

• Translucent / Shiny surface

• Merge Errors

• Autofill

• Wrong Scanner

Even $200,000 Scanners Require Some Processing

Line of Sight issues & holes

reduce the quality of data

Software programs can analyze data and fill

holes, but hand editing produces best results.

Post-scan data Post Editing

Structured Light Scanner – Pre Editing

Structured Light Scanner – Post Editing

The World’s First Digital Dinosaur

• 1905 - first mounted Triceratops in the world.

• Bones fragile - traditional method of latex molding impossible

• Bones had Developed Pyrite- Disease in which the mineral pyrite grows inside the bone and breaks it apart from the inside.

• Bones from at least a dozen Triceratops were used to make original mount

• Skeletal elements from different individuals shown as different colors

• Foot bones of a duckbill dinosaur

What We Discovered

• 2 scale models made from SLA of all 256 individual bones

• First biomechanical studies ever done

• 15% larger skull, created through scanning and SLA prototyping

Rendered scan data

• CNC properly scaled replacement parts to correct mismatches

• Milled parts were better quality than ‘filler’ bones made by hand.

• New posture based on biomechanical studies

The ‘Fix’

New Posture

Old Posture

New skull scaled 15%Made from SLA pattern

‘Flora & ‘Priapus’ Metropolitan Museum of Art

4 Months of Editing per Sculpture

3D Inspection of Two 1962 Ferrari GTOs

1962 Ferrari GTO #2

Two Scan Data Sets Overlaid on One Another to Highlight Differences

Scanning a 1954 Ferrari Mondial for Body Restoration

Structured Light Scanning using Photogrammetry Markers

3D Scan Data

SolidWorks Model

3D Scanning

• Document the fragments

• 28 Major Fragments Digitally Reconstructed

• CAD files were create over the reconstructed digital data

• FEA used to determine stress Points

• Fiberglass pins were placed in each ankle and right knee

• Holes were filled with marble and epoxy & colored to match the original stone

EDIT!

EDIT!EDIT!

& EDIT Some More!

Structured Light Scanning + FEA

Redesigned Racecar

Structured Light Scan Data CAD File

Helicopter Cowling

3D Inspection & AnalysisCAD File Overlaid on

3D Scan Data

Good Data is

Essential for

Good 3D Prints

No Post Processing

3D Scan Data on the Left

Finished Bronze Reproduction on the Right

High Quality 3D Data is

Essential for High Quality

Prints!

Scan Data of “Le Magnifique“

Installation at Pittsburg Penguins Stadium

The Cloisters CrossThe Cloisters Museum

Required Photogrammetry for Exact Alignment

5 days of scanning

4 months of editing

The Cloisters Cross The Cloisters Museum

½ “ Bevel

CoppermanAmerican Museum of Natural History

Cut Planes

Support Structure Built in CAD

Close Up of Detail

Copperman Plaster 3D Print

Printing a heart to practice to reduce possible errors during actual surgery

Santa Barbara CourthouseSpirit of the Ocean Fountain

3D Scanning: The Bridge Between the Real World and the Computer

www.scansite.com

Lisa Federici, CEOScansite3D

Booth #620

Presented at ‘Inside 3D Printing’

Santa Clara, CA10/21/2015