INSENSITIVE GUN PROPELLANTS WITH LOW … · INSENSITIVE GUN PROPELLANTS WITH LOW TEMPERATURE...

Mue

INSENSITIVE GUN PROPELLANTS WITH LOW TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT BASED ON DNDA

Dr. Dietmar Mueller

Fraunhofer Institut Chemische Technologie ( ICT ), D-76327 Pfinztal, Germany

[email protected]

43rd GUN & MISSILE SYSTEMS CONFERENCE

April 21-24, 2008

New Orleans, LA, U.S.A.

Mue

INSENSITIVE GUN PROPELLANTS

Content

Processing TechnologyLow Temperature Coefficient (LTC) Propellants

● Temperature Behaviour● Characteristics of the Propellant Components ● Performance, Safety & Sensitivity Datas● Shaped Charge Tests ● Closed Bomb Tests● Gun Firing ● Erosivity

Results & Conclusion

Mue


Processing Technology for Insensitive Gun Propellants based on DNDA

Continuous Process- Shear Roll Mill- Twin Screw Extruder (TSE) ZSK 58 E

Batch Process- Kneader / Mixer- Rampress

Mue


Shear Roll Mill (Continuous Process)

Mue


Corotating intermeshing Twin - Screw Extruder ZSK 58 E

Mue


Dew atering

Solidloss-in-w eightFeeder

Solvent Pump System

Gear BoxHydraulic Drive

Die w ithDie Lif t -Off -System ( Safety – Device )

Cutter Conveyer ( sw ivel )

ConveyerConveyer

Strands Cutter

Remote Controlled Ref illing Equipment

T S E 58 E o o

o o

Con - veyer( w ide )

Twin - Screw Extruder Process

Mue


4 0 0 0

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60propellant temperature (°C)

max

imum

gas

pre

ssur

e

LTC PropellantDNDA Propellant

Conventional Propellant

Pm

LTC PropellantDNDA Propellant

Temperature behaviour of gun propellantsMax. gas pressure vs propellant temperature

Mue


NC M30 NC CP2 P10

NC 66

NC 53

0,01

0,1

1

10

120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170Temp. [°C]

Acce

lera

ting

Rat

e [°

C/M

in.]

ARC measurement of several Nitrocellulose (NC) types

Mue


NC M30 NC CP2 NC 53

Lightmicroscope pictures of different NC types

Mue


FOX 12

RDX

DNDA

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260Temp. [°C]

Acce

lera

ting

Rat

e [°

C/m

in]

Accelerating Rate Results

ARC measurement of RDX, FOX-12 and DNDA

Mue


DNDA

NENA

DNDA

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260Temp. [°C]

Acc

eler

atin

g R

ate

[°C

/min

]..

Accelerating Rate Results

ARC DNDA-5,7 compared with NENA

Mue


Heat - Development at 89°C

DNDA 120401WH

DNDA 120401WH Q

-13

-11

-9

-7

-5

-3

-1

1

0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0

Time(Days)

dQ/dt (µW/g)

-0,03

-0,02

-0,02

-0,01

-0,01

0,00Q (J/g)

Microcalorimeter Result of DNDA-5,7Endothermic Behaviour

Mue


RDX / FOX-12 x x x x x x x

NC x x x x x x xDNDA-5,7 x x x x x x xStab., Additives x x x x x x x

T [K] 2540 2913 3118 3160 3264 3335 3390

Force [J/g] 1080 1182 1212 1229 1250 1263 1300

Qex [J/g] 4000 4204 4347 4411 4519 4594 4730

Mw [g/mole]Reaction gas

19,4 20,8 21,4 21,4 21,7 21,9 22,1

Performance Data of LTC Propellants

till max. 59 Wt. - %

Mue


Mass - Loss weight after 18 days, 90 °C 0.50 till 0.70 %

Mass - Loss weight after 30 days (no autocatalytic effects) 1.10 till 1.40 %

Ignition temperature > 215 °C

Cook - off temperature approx. > 210 °C

Safety Data of selected LTC Propellants

Mue


FOX - Prop.

ICT 8

FOX - Prop.

ICT 7

RDX - Prop.

ICT 1

i -RDX - Prop.

ICT 2

RDX - Prop.mod. DNDA

ICT 3Reaktion Class Shaped Charge Testcal. 35 mm

O

no Reaction

A A A B

Friction Sensitivity[N] 240 252 288 240 240

Impact Sensitivity[ Nm ] 6,0 7,5 6,0 6,0 5,0

Ignition Temperature[ °C ] ~ 200 ~ 200 ~ 220 ~ 216 ~ 219

1“ Detonationtube

MG cal.50 /12.7 mm

noDetonation

Sensitivity Data of different DNDA - Propellants

IM Reaktiontype 5 ( MIL – STD 2105B )

WIWEB Results

Mue


Shaped Charge Tests, FOX Propellant ICT 8 and RDX Propellant ICT 1

Mue


Longtherm - Storage Stability at 90 °CMass - Loss over Time

DNDA Propellant90°C

00,30,60,91,21,51,82,12,42,7

3

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30

Days [d]

ML [%]

MV-MittelML average

Mue


DNDA Propellant90°C

0123456789

10

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Days [d]

ML [%]

ML average

Longtherm - Storage Stability at 90 °CMass - Loss over Time

Mue


Single Base

CAB-LOVA

M30 DB

180707E 02/01

E 03/01

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210

T [°C]

h [°C/min]

ARC Accelerating Rate Investigations of DNDA - Propellants compared with CAB-Lova, M30, Single Base and Double Base

Mue


0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

Los 190705 - Temperaturbeschuß bei Δ=0.2g/ml in Vb=310 ml

343 K 336 K 323 K 294 K 233 K

Lebh

aftig

keit

[1/(M

Pa*s

)]

relativer Abbrand z

Los190705

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

Los 250199/W - Temperaturbeschuß bei Δ=0.2g/ml in Vb=310 ml

294 K 323 K

Lebh

aftig

keit

[1/(M

Pa*s

)]

relativer Abbrand z

Los 250199/W

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75


343 K 336 K 323 K 294 K 233 K

Lebh

aftig

keit

[1/(M

Pa*s

)]

relativer Abbrand z

Los 180705

vivacity of the propellants

Batch Process Mixer compared with Shear Roll Mill

Low Friction High Friction

Mue


Batch Process Mixer compared with Shear Roll Mill Process

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75


343 K 336 K 323 K 294 K 233 K

Lebh

aftig

keit

[1/(M

Pa*s

)]

relativer Abbrand z0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

0.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75


343 K 336 K 323 K 294 K 233 K

Lebh

aftig

keit

[1/(M

Pa*s

)]

relativer Abbrand z

Low Friction High Friction

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

1.50

1.75

Los 250199/W - Temperaturbeschuß bei Δ=0.2g/ml in Vb=310 ml

294 K 323 K

Lebh

aftig

keit

[1/(M

Pa*s

)]

relativer Abbrand z

Gaspressure in the GunLOS 180705

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Temp. [°C]

Pres

sure

[bar

]

-40 0 5020 70

Gaspressure in the GunLOS 190705

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Temp. [°C]

Pres

sure

[bar

]

-40 0 50 20 70

Gaspressure in the Gun LOS 250199

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Temp. [°C]

Pres

sure

[bar

]

-40 0 5020 70

Viva

city

[ M

Pa*s

]

Viva

city

[ M

Pa*s

]

Viva

city

[ M

Pa*s

]

p / pmp / pmp / pm

vivacity of the propellants

gas pressure of the propellants

Mue


0

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,1

0,12

0,14

0,16

0,18

0,2

0,22

0,24

. -40°C 0°C 10°C 21°C 30°C 50°C

propellant temperature (°C)

linea

r bur

ning

rate

(m/s

)

3000 bar

2500 bar

2000 bar

1500 bar

Linear burning rate of LTC Propellants at different pressures

Mue


2200

2600

3000

3400

3800

4200

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

Prop 2

Prop 1

Prop 3

max

imum

gas

pre

ssur

e (b

ar)

Propellant temperature (°C)

40 mm Gun Firing Tests of 3 LTC Propellants based on DNDA, NC, RDX

Mue


75 mm Scale model gun derived from cal. 120 mm tank gun ( Diehl BGT )♦ based on interior ballistic similary laws♦ less cost ( combustible paper case, less propellant mass )

Mue


Test Firing in 75 mm cal. Model Gun ( Diehl BGT )Optimized propellant for firing at 21°CGas pressure vs temp.

P m vs T

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

Temp. [ °C ]

P m

[ ba

r ]

- 40 + 21 + 50

JA 2

LTC Prop

Mue


Test Firing in 75 mm cal. Model Gun ( Diehl BGT )Optimized propellant for firing at 21°CMuzzle velocity vs temp.Muzzle velocity of LTC propellant same at 21°C like JA 2

V o vs T

1500

1550

1600

1650

1700

1750

Temp. [ °C ]

V o

[ m

/ s

]

JA 2

LTC Prop

- 40 + 21 + 50

Mue


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200

Force (J/g)

mas

s lo

ss (%

)

double base

double base

triple base

triple base

single base

single base

single base

LTC 1

LTC 2LTC 3

LTC 4

LTC 5

Erosivity of LTC - Propellants and Conventional PropellantsResults from Diehl BGT

Mue


♦ LTC Propellants based on DNDA 5,7 for a wide Caliber - Range

♦ Excellent Shaped Charge Testresults ( Reaktion Class 0 or A )

♦ High Ignition Temperature > 215 °C

♦ Insensitive, Reactiontype 5 (MIL - STD 2105 B) Shaped Charge TestMG cal. 12.7 mm firing on Steeltube with propellant

♦ Excellent Longtherm Stability

♦ Low Combustion Temperature at High Force

♦ Low Gun Tube Erosion

♦ Pilot Lot for Eurofighter - Gun, Mauser cal. 27 mm

Results & Conclusion

INSENSITIVE GUN PROPELLANTS WITH LOW … · INSENSITIVE GUN PROPELLANTS WITH LOW TEMPERATURE...

Documents

Transcript of INSENSITIVE GUN PROPELLANTS WITH LOW … · INSENSITIVE GUN PROPELLANTS WITH LOW TEMPERATURE...