Insecticide usage for backyard vegetable production
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Transcript of Insecticide usage for backyard vegetable production
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Integrated Pest Management for Backyard Vegetables
Dr. Ayanava MajumdarExtension Entomologist (Peanuts, Vegetables)
State SARE Coordinator (Auburn U)&
Willie DatcherReg. Ext. Agent, ACES
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Alabama insect monitoring project 2009-10
2009 (15 sites)
2010 (30 sites)Outputs:
25,000+ insect trapped400+ lbs of soil analyzed
+
Peanut farm
Vegetable farm
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Insect Trap Catches in Vegetables2010 2009
InsectTrap
catchesNo. of sites
Trap catches
No. of sites Peak moth activity
Beet armyworm 962 15 606 7 July, AugustFall armyworm 728 15 674 7 July, AugustSouthern armyworm 46 13 167 4 AugustTomato fruitworm 144 15 290 7 JulyTobacco budworm 125 15 71 7 AugustLesser cornstalk borer 2307 15 715 1 July, AugustCabbage looper 274 15 83 3 AugustSoybean looper 181 15 100 1 AugustCorn rootworm 65 5 200 6 June, JulySquash vine borer 573 15 - - May, June, JulyTomato pinworm 54 15 4 6 AugustTOTAL 5479 2910
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EBPM Training Events
Regional Extension Agent training in improved scouting practices IPM training to farmers at farms in
Alabama
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Master Gardeners IPM Project (2010): Efficacy of Imidacloprid
April 2010
Establishing a Vegetable Research Garden
Phyllis & George Holman (MG Volunteers)
May 2010
Soil preparation:FertilizerInsecticide gran.
Final vegetable garden (TP date: May 7, 2010)
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Major Insect Pests – Sentinel Plots (2010 - A drought year)
Colorado potato beetleLeptinotarsa decemlineata
Brown stink bug, Euschistus servus
Grasshopper
Tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa zea
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Major Insect Pests – Sentinel Plots (2010 - A drought year)
Spider mites (Tetranychus sp.)
Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperdaYellowstriped armyworm, Spodoptera ornithogalli
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Major Insect Pests – Sentinel Plots (2010 - A drought year)
Squash vine borer, Mellitia cucurbitae Sugarcane borer,
Euetheola rugiceps
Tomato hornworm, Manduca quinquemaculata
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Emerging Pest on Vegetables: Leaffooted Bugs
Leptoglossus phyllopus
Leptoglossus zonatus
Leptoglossus gonagra
Heavy fruit drop in eggplants and tomatoes (LFBs)
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Emerging Crop Pests: Invasive Insects
Brown marmorated stink bug, Hyalomorpha halys
Detected in 3 Counties
Bean plataspid, Megacopta cribrariaDetected in AL in 2010Seeks shelter in homesInfests kudzu, soybean, kidney beans, lima beans, etc. UGA Photos
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Trap Cropping for Insect Pest Reduction
• Trap crop = early planted squash, apply insecticide on borders
• Squash lured 66% cucumber beetles and 90% squash bugs
• Reduced insecticide usage
Perimeter Trap Cropping
Main crop (watermelon, cantaloupe, cucumber)
Trap crop (squash)
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Net house vegetable production, 2011
Untreated check (insect injury 15 days after planting)
Untreated bell peppers inside net house (slight insect injury)
Research sites: Fairhope, Thomaston
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Organic collard production (Brewton, 2010)
• BotaniGard ES, Molt-X, Suffoil-X• BotaniGard is a living insecticide• Molt-X is an insect growth regulator
(3% azadirachtin)• Suffoil-X is a pre-emulsified paraffinic
oil• Results (Oct. 2010):
– Aphid pop. high, no caterpillars– Sign. results: BG + MX rotated with SX
to below 0 aphid/plant for 3 wks; Untreated check = 3-5 aphids per plant
– No yield response (22-24 lb/plot)
BioWorks, Inc. sponsored organic vegetable research
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APHID NUMBERS
Treatment Treatment datesMean Yield (lb/plant)
Obs. 1 (Nov. 10)
Obs. 2 (Nov 22)
Obs. 3 (Nov 29)
Obs. 4 (Dec 6)
#1 Untreated Check None 0.15 ± 0.01 031.5 ± 18.8
a108.00 ± 194.81
40.00 ± 73.48
#2 Mustang Max (Chemical std.) November 15, 22, 29 0.13 ± 0.01 2.5 ± 5.0 0.25 ± 0.50 b 0.75 ± 1.50 0
#3 BotaniGard & Molt-X rotation every 5-7 days
BG = Nov. 15; MX = Nov. 22; BG = Nov. 29 0.15 ± 0.02 0 4.75 ± 9.50
b 3.75 ± 7.50 0
#4 BotaniGard mixed with Molt-X, rotated with Molt-X every 5-7 days
BG+MX = Nov. 15; MX = Nov. 22; BG+MX = Nov. 29 0.13± 0.01
0.5 ± 1.0 5.75 ± 10.21 b 0 0
#5 BotaniGard rotated with a tankmix of Molt-X+Suffoil-X every 5-7 days
BG = Nov. 15; MX+SX = Nov. 22; BG = Nov. 29 0.14 ± 0.01
1.0 ± 2.0 0 b0 0
#6 BotaniGard mixed with Molt-X, rotated with Suffoil-X every 5-7 days
BG+MX = Nov. 15; SX = Nov. 22; BG+MX = Nov. 29 0.13 ± 0.01 0 0 b 0 0
ANOVA F = 1.979, df = 5, P = 0.131
F = 0.773, df = 5, P=0.581
F = 6.568, df = 5, P = 0.001
F = 1.208, df = 5, P = 0.345
F = 1.185, df = 5, P = 0.355
RESULTNS NS *** NS
R squared 0.355 0.177 0.646 0.251 0.248
Organic collard production (Brewton, 2010)
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What is IPM?• Major crop losses occur due to:
• Lack of early detection of insects• Insecticide resistance by over-use• Loss of natural control with insecticides
• “Integrated pest management (IPM) is a threshold based decision management system which leads to judicious use of multiple pest control tactics.”
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Decision making in IPM…
• Insect detection & monitoring• Insect identification• Population pressure• Economic threshold• Make treatment decision• Choosing right insecticide• Applying insecticide timely & correctly
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Toxicity of formulations
Source: Penn State Univ. IPM Program
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Bayer’s systemic insecticide
• Systemic poison, introduced in 2010
• Apply at first sign of insects: aphid, thrips, WF, flea beetles
• Best as PoE drench
• CAUTION: Long waiting period (21 d) Bayer Advanced FCV
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Master Gardeners IPM Project (2010): Insect Monitoring & Scouting
Volunteer: Carol Rhodes (detailed observations on insect pests and plant yields)
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Master Gardeners IPM Project (2010): Efficacy of Imidacloprid
Volunteer: Carol Rhodes
Observations:
• Imidacloprid provides early season protection
• Promotes plant establishment & growth
• Earlier fruit harvest
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Master Gardeners IPM Project (2010): Plant Yield from Integrated Treatments
Details Bell pepper yield, lb per plant ± SD
Okra yield, lb per plant ± SD
Tomato yield, lb per plant ± SD
IPM Regime 1 Imida + Carb FR + Mala FR
3.6 ± 0.3 1.1 ± 0.6 1.9 ± 0.5
IPM Regime 2 Imida + Carb HR + Mala HR
2.1 ± 0.1 1.7 ± 0.5 3.2 ± 1.0
IPM Regime 3 Untreated check 1.8 ± 0.8 1.3 ± 0.7 2.2 ± 1.5 F 10.829 0.624 1.107 P 0.010** 0.567 0.390
Findings:
• Yield response significant for bell peppers but not for okra, tomato
• Spray of carbaryl & malathion did not provide large returns
• Repeating study in 2011
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Treat underside of leaves to increase product persistence
Extend life of biological insecticides (Bt, BotaniGard)
Use an angled sprayer boom
Treat the young top leaves
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Alabama Vegetable Entomology Website
www.aces.edu/go/87
ONE-STOP-SHOP for vegetable IPM: ACES Publications, Research Projects, Slideshare, Facebook, YouTube
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The IPM Communicator(A FREE electronic newsletter-weekly)
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IPM Recommendations…• Choose the right cultivar• Use pheromone traps (first detection is important)• No substitute for scouting!• Insecticides for rescue treatments only• Treat the underside of leaves (increase i-cide persistence)• Careful with insecticide generics (phytotoxicity)• Integrate using newer insecticides (IPM):
• Use the Home Garden Vegetable IPM Guide (ANR-500)
• Call ACES for help with insect ID!