Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader...
-
Upload
coral-hicks -
Category
Documents
-
view
224 -
download
1
Transcript of Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader...
![Page 1: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Inquiry into LifeTwelfth Edition
Chapter 3
Lecture PowerPoint to accompany
Sylvia S. Mader
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
![Page 2: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
3.1 The Cellular Level of Organization
![Page 3: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3.1 The Cellular Level of Organization
• The cell is the structural and functional unit of an organism, the smallest structure capable of performing all the functions necessary for life.
![Page 4: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
3.1 The Cellular Level of Organization
• Prokaryotic cells lack membrane enclosed structures.
• Eukaryotic cells possess membrane enclosed structures.
![Page 5: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Cell Theory
![Page 6: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Cell Theory
• All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
![Page 7: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Cell Theory
• All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
• Cells are the basic living unit of structure and function in organisms.
![Page 8: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Cell Theory
• All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
• Cells are the basic living unit of structure and function in organisms.
• All cells come only from other cells.
![Page 9: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sizes of Living Things
![Page 10: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Surface Area / Volume Ratio
![Page 11: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Surface Area / Volume Ratio
• The amount of surface area affects the ability to get materials in and out of a cell.
![Page 12: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Surface Area / Volume Ratio
• The amount of surface area affects the ability to get materials in and out of a cell.
• As cells increase in volume, the proportionate amount of surface area decreases.
![Page 13: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Surface Area / Volume Ratio
![Page 14: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Plasma Membrane and Cytoplasm
• All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
• The material inside of a cell is the cytoplasm.
• The plasma membrane regulates what enters and exits a cell.
![Page 15: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3.2 Prokaryotic Cells
![Page 16: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
3.2 Prokaryotic Cells
![Page 17: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
3.2 Prokaryotic Cells
• Cell Wall
• Capsule
• Flagellum
• Nucleoid
• Ribosomes
![Page 18: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
3.2 Prokaryotic Cells
• Cell Wall
• Capsule
• Flagellum
• Nucleoid
• Ribosomes
![Page 19: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
3.2 Prokaryotic Cells
• Cell Wall
• Capsule
• Flagellum
• Nucleoid
• Ribosomes
![Page 20: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
3.2 Prokaryotic Cells
• Cell Wall
• Capsule
• Flagellum
• Nucleoid
• Ribosomes
![Page 21: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
3.2 Prokaryotic Cells
• Cell Wall
• Capsule
• Flagellum
• Nucleoid
• Ribosomes
![Page 22: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Prokaryotes are:
• Structurally simple
• Metabolically diverse
• Adapted to most types of environments
![Page 23: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Prokaryotes are:
• Structurally simple
• Metabolically diverse
• Adapted to most types of environments
![Page 24: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Prokaryotes are:
• Structurally simple
• Metabolically diverse
• Adapted to most types of environments
![Page 25: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
3.2 Prokaryotic Cells
![Page 26: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
![Page 27: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic cells:
– Are structurally complex
– Have a nucleus
– Possess membrane-bound organelles
– May have a cell wall
![Page 28: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic cells:
– Are structurally complex
– Have a nucleus
– Possess membrane-bound organelles
– May have a cell wall
![Page 29: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic cells:
– Are structurally complex
– Have a nucleus
– Possess membrane-bound organelles
– May have a cell wall
![Page 30: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic cells:
– Are structurally complex
– Have a nucleus
– Possess membrane-bound organelles
– May have a cell wall
![Page 31: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
![Page 32: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
3.3 Eukaryotic Cells
![Page 33: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Nucleus
• Stores DNA
![Page 34: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Nucleus
• Stores DNA• Nucleolus - rRNA
![Page 35: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Nucleus
• Stores DNA• Nucleolus - rRNA• Nuclear Envelope
– Nuclear pores
![Page 36: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Ribosomes
• Site of protein synthesis
• Two subunits (large and small)– Subunits consist of rRNA and protein molecules
• Polyribosomes– Several ribosomes with a single mRNA molecule
![Page 37: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Consists of membranous channels and saccules
![Page 38: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Rough ER– Processing and
modification of proteins
• Smooth ER– Synthesizes
phospholipids– Various other
functions
![Page 39: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Golgi Apparatus
• The Golgi apparatus collects, sorts, packages, and distributes materials such as proteins and lipids.
![Page 40: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Lysosomes
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down unwanted, foreign substances or worn- out parts of cells
![Page 41: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Vacuoles
• Vacuoles are membranous sacs that store substances.– For example:
Water
Pigments
Toxins
![Page 42: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Peroxisomes
• Membrane bound vesicles containing enzymes.
– The enzymes break down molecules and as a result produce hydrogen peroxide.
![Page 43: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Energy-Related Organelles
• Chloroplasts
• Mitochondria
![Page 44: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Energy-Related Organelles
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
![Page 45: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Chloroplasts
• Site of photosynthesis
• Structure:– Double-membrane– Stroma– Grana
• Thylakoids
• Chloroplasts contain:– Their own DNA– Ribosomes– Enzymes
![Page 46: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Mitochondria
• Found in all eukaryotic cells
• Site or cellular respiration
• Structure:– Double-membrane– Matrix– Crista
![Page 47: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The Cytoskeleton
• Maintains cell shape
• Assists in movement of cell and organelles
• Assemble and disassemble as needed
• Three types of macromolecular fibers
– Actin Filaments
– Intermediate Filaments
– Microtubules
![Page 48: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Actin Filaments
• Anchored to the plasma membrane• Allows intestinal microvilli to expand and contract• Found in pseudopods allowing amoeboid movement• Play a role in animal cell division
![Page 49: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Actin Filaments
• Actin interacts with motor molecules such as myosin.• In the presence of ATP, myosin pulls actin along• Example: muscle cells
![Page 50: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Intermediate Filaments
• Intermediate in size between actin filaments and microtubules
• Functions:– Support nuclear envelope
– Cell-cell junctions, such as those holding skin cells tightly together
![Page 51: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Microtubules
• Hollow cylinders made of two globular proteins• Assembly:
– Under control of Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC)– Most important MTOC is centrosome
• Interacts with specific proteins to cause movement of organelles
![Page 52: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Microtubule Operation
![Page 53: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Centrioles
• Short cylinders with a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubule triplets
![Page 54: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Centrioles
• Help organize microtubules during animal cell division• May be involved with microtubule formation and in the
organization of cilia and flagella
![Page 55: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Cilia and Flagella
• Hairlike projections that aid in cell movement
• In eukaryotic cells, cilia are much shorter than flagella
• They are membrane-bound cylinders enclosing a matrix area– The matrix consists of microtubules in a 9 + 2 pattern
![Page 56: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Cilia and Flagella
![Page 57: Inquiry into Life Twelfth Edition Chapter 3 Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Sylvia S. Mader Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697c0301a28abf838cdabe0/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
3.4 Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell