Inquiry 1: A New Vision of Humanity

Italian Renaissance

Artistic Renewal Inspired by Greece and Rome Beauty of the human body Secular (non-religious) Perspective (give dimension to

painting) Sfumato (hazy effect)

Humanist Thought

Human beings as the central concern, not God

Started to question the meaning of life Doubt Freedom of thought Need to know – observations Tolerance Progress of science

Christendom

Roman Catholic Birth of Protestantism

Lutheran (Martin Luther) Calvinism (John Calvin) Anglican (King Henry VIII)

Council of Trent

Bishops and priests supervise parish priests

Colleges to educate priests Official version of Bible in Latin

All done by Pope in hopes of reuniting Christians (note: this didn’t work)

Japanese Society

Shogun Mikado Daimios Samurai

after masters death they did a ritual suicide

Peasants, artisans, and merchants

Japanese Art

Landscaping Architecture Painting Theatre (Noh)

Terms

SecularPatronTheologianClergyReform

IndulgencePolytheistExcommunicate

Annulheretic

Inquiry 2: European Expansion in the World

Motives to explore the world Economic Motives

GOLD▪ Spices, silk, minerals, etc.

Political Motives GLORY

▪ More land Religious Motives

GOD▪ Spread Christianity

Navigation Tools

Ships Caravel, Cog, Carrack

Astrolabe Compass Portolan

Triangular Trade Route

Mother Country African Colony Cloth, metal, firearms

African Colony New World Slaves

New World Mother Country Metal, cocoa, corn, fur, tobacco, cotton,

fish, sugar

Effects of Colonization on Conquered People Epidemics Massacres Forces labour Economic dependence Cultural loss

Explorers

Christopher Columbus Vasco da Gama John Cabot Ferdinand Magellan Jacques Cartier Samuel de Champlain Marco Polo

Terms

Indigenous People

MiddlemenMonarchPaganEmpire

ColonyMother Country

BarterConquistadorMissionary

Inquiry 4: IndustrializationAn economic and social revolution

Advances in Agriculture

Crop Rotation Manure as fertilizer Higher quality seed Plough improvement Thresher driven by water wheel

Inventions

Spinning wheel Spinning Mule Steam engine (James Watt) Railway

Coal and iron

From cottage to factory

COTTAGE Slow

production Small quantity High cost High quality

FACTORY Fast production Large quantity Low cost Low quality

Working class vs. Bourgeois Working Class

Lived close to factory Small, crammed, dirty

houses (epidemics) High rent, many people Poor ventilation Children worked, no

school Wages:

▪ Men = full▪ Women = ½▪ Children = ¼

Bourgeois Factory owners Spacious living area Comfortable houses

with servants Children went to

school

Social Classes

Industrial bourgeoisie Entrepreneurs, bankers

Petty bourgeoisie Lawyers, doctors, civil servants

Working class Factory workers

Child Labour

Small hands to get into machines Whipped if not on task Many died young due to exhaustion Permanently stunted due to heavy

labour

Trade Union

Higher wages Reduced working hours Right to strike Socialism = for the government and

factory owner Liberalism = for the workers rights

Persuaded government to pass labour laws

U.S.A.

Steamship Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell) Electric light bulb (Thomas Edison) Airplane (Wright brothers) Gas (Rockefeller) Order of the Knights of Labor

Labour movement

Germany

Ruhr Valley Krupp company

Iron and steel plants to make weapons

TermsIndustrializationIronmongerEntrepreneurCapital ($$$)UrbanizationSocial classMonopoly

Inquiry 5: Imperialism and Colonization

End of slave TRADE 1807-1818

End of SLAVERY1833 - 1865

Colonization Economic Motive

Needed raw material New markets and companies to invest in

Political Motive Increase land ownership

▪ “Scramble for Africa” – to claim land for Mother Country

Social Motive Get rid of excess population

▪ Moved poorer people to move to the new colony

Raw Materials

Minerals Gold, diamonds, copper, etc.

IvoryWoodRubber

Berlin Conference

Practice free trade

Slaves prohibited

Importing weapons to Africa prohibited

Country must occupy colony to claim the region

Effects on Africa

Racial discrimination

Economic exploitation

Cultural loss

Forced Labour If resisted, they were killed

Battle over land

Europeans fighting amongst themselves for land rights

Partly the cause of WWI

Terms

NationalismHydrographyPactAllies

Inquiry 6: Winning of Civil Rights and Freedoms

Great Depression

Economic crisis Abandoned free trade High unemployment rate

Treaty of Versailles

Germany Had to abolish military No right to rearm Give up territory and colonies in Europe

WWII

Hitler voted to change German government from democracy to authoritarian regime Went against the Treaty of Versailles

United Nations

UN created after WWII to prevent another war Foster peace Respect of human rights Improve living conditions for all Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Decolonization

India (Mohandas Gandhi)Africa (Habib Bourguiba)

How to balance old life and new life▪ Language▪ Culture▪ Religion

Civil Rights - USA Life for blacks after abolition of slavery

Martin Luther King Rosa Parks KKK (Ku Klux Klan) Poorer conditions High unemployment rate Ban from areas (segregation) Racism

Civil rights act to recognize blacks and whites as equals To stop segregation

South Africa

Apartheid System Population Registration Act

▪ Classify as a racial group

Group Area Act▪ Non-whites excluded from areas

Nelson Mandela and Frederik De Klerk▪ Proved that black and white can work

together

Feminist Movement

Right to vote Canada – 1917 Quebec – 1940 Marches, vandalized male areas (golf), disturbed

political meetings, etc.

Childrearing and housekeeping

Wanted higher education

Wanted jobs

Adolf Hitler (Anti-semitism) Nuremberg Laws

Jews stripped of German Citizenship No political rights Jews and non-Jews couldn’t marry Property confiscated Had to identify by yellow star

Holocaust Genocide Anne Frank

Terms

Civil RightsProtectionism

CharterMandateBoycottRepression

DissidenceSegregationApartheidPropagandaGenocideIndochina

Inquiry 7: GlobalizationA social phenomenon of the present

Globalization

Common currency International organization and

business

Labour

Multinational Free Trade

Globalization on Poor Countries Debt Lack of investment Difficulty for agricultural countries

Affect on... Health

Spread of disease pollution

Culture Internet

▪ Advantages and disadvantages TV, music, books, film, etc.

▪ Americanized Politics

NAFTA G8 UN