Innovative Treatment of Wood Waste ... - cedar.wwu.edu

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Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference 2020 Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference (Online)

Apr 21st, 10:30 AM - 12:00 PM

Innovative Treatment of Wood Waste Sediments Using Reactive Innovative Treatment of Wood Waste Sediments Using Reactive

Amendments and DGT Passive Porewater Sulphide Testing Amendments and DGT Passive Porewater Sulphide Testing

Techniques Techniques

Daniel Berlin Anchor QEA, LLC, [email protected]

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Conservation Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons

Berlin, Daniel, "Innovative Treatment of Wood Waste Sediments Using Reactive Amendments and DGT Passive Porewater Sulphide Testing Techniques" (2020). Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference. 45. https://cedar.wwu.edu/ssec/2020ssec/allsessions/45

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Innovative Treatment of Wood-Waste SedimentsPresented by Dan Berlin 1

Innovative Treatment of Wood-Waste Sediments Using Reactive Amendments and DGT Passive Porewater Sulphide Testing TechniquesPresented by Dan BerlinApril 21, 2020


Outline• Site Setting• Effects of Wood Waste• Porewater Sulphides Using

DGT• Bench Scale Treatability

Testing• Pilot Project

Tony Hisgett, CC BY 2.0


ESQUIMALT HARBOUR

VICTORIA HARBOUR

N


North Esquimalt Harbour• Log booming• Log storage• Wood mill operations


Physical Wood Waste Effects• Logs, bark, wood chips, processed

wood (sawdust), partially decomposed wood fibers

• Slow to decay• Can isolate benthic organisms

from native sediment• Can be highly flocculent


Chemical Effects• Wood waste degradation

– Biochemical oxygen demand

– Creates anoxic conditions– Ammonia and sulphide

production

• Degradation by-products can be toxic to benthic organisms

Source: Hyland et al. 2005


Biological Effects• Reduced benthic

community abundance and diversity

• Reduced survival of bivalves

• Beggiatoa spp. bacterial mats


Wood Waste Thickness


Wood Waste Cover


Porewater Sulphides Using DGT• DGT – Diffusive Gradient in

Thin Film– Reliable in situ measure of

porewater sulphide– Reaction of sulphide with silver

iodide gel (white) to produce silver sulphide (black)

– Intensity of color is proportional to

• Sulphide on the gel• Exposure duration


Porewater SulphideConcentrations• 65 samples

– Up to 105 mg/L– Median 25 mg/L

• 2 mg/L can cause toxicity to sensitive species

• Usually but not always co-located with wood waste


Wood Waste Remediation Options• Monitored Natural Recovery• Enhanced Natural Recovery• In Situ Treatment• Engineered Capping• Dredging


• Sand cover mixed with treatment amendments to reduce bioavailable porewater sulphide

• Siderite dissolves and precipitates iron sulphides(mackinowite)

• Iron and manganese oxide can oxidize sulphide into sulphate

Bench Scale Treatability Testing

SideriteFeCO3

Manganese OxideMnO2

Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO)


Treatability Setup• Sediment Control• Sand Cover Control• Siderite Treatment• MnO2 Treatment• MMO Treatment


Treatability Study Results


• Sulphides measured in overlying water for sand control but not in treatment amendments

• Iron sulphide precipitate

Treatability Results

SideriteSandControl


• Evaluate Effectiveness– Enhanced natural recovery (sand cover)– In situ treatment (sand mixed with siderite)

• Evaluate Constructability– Blending and placing amended sand layer in two wood

waste areas– Practice area– Multiple placement methods

• 5% granular siderite by weight at 30 cm nominal thickness

2020 Pilot Project


2019–2020 Pilot Project• Work Area 1

– Soft wood waste– Consolidation and

mixing anticipated

• Work Area 2– Coarse wood waste– Consolidation occurred


2019–2020 Pilot Project – Coarse Wood Waste


2019–2020 Pilot Project – Softer Wood Waste


2019–2020 Pilot Project


Questions/Discussion

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