INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT
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INNOVATION DEVELOPMENTValeria ShanksEducation 8841 Diffusion and Integration of Technology in Education
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INTRODUCTION
What is the significance of Innovation development for computer technology in K-12 schools?
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WHY WAS THERE A NEED TO INTRODUCE TECHNOLOGY?Competition with Russia’s space
program
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RESEARCHWhat organization (people)
developed a solution to the problem?
What were the findings?
Who were the lead thinkers for innovation of computer technology?
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DEVELOPMENTWhat problems were
encountered in the development process?
Who was the intended audience for computer technology?
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COMMERCIALIZATIONProcess for production,
manufacturing, packaging, marketing, and distribution for Apple which was the first company to donate computers to schools.
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Computers evolve through innovation-decision process
KnowledgePersuasion
DecisionImplementation
Confirmation
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Stage 1—KnowledgeComputer innovation
Apple I PC computers are donated to classrooms
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Stage II-Persuasion1979 ---Personal computers
popularity grows worldwide
1981---IBM develops drill and practice software for schools
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Stages 3 and 4Decision/Implementation
1983 Apple II computer gains acceptance into classrooms
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Stage 5--Confirmation1984—Apple Macintosh computer is
developed1986– K-12 schools use computers for
instruction and guidance purposes1990—Multimedia PCs are developed1994—multimedia capabilities are
popularized in schools1995—and beyond Internet gains
popularity in schools
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Timeline for computer innovation decision process
YEAR IMPACT/RESULT1965 Mainframes/minicomputers used in
school administration and counseling1971 Micro processors are developed PCs are
used in businesses1971 Mainframes/minicomputers used in
business1975 Apple I PC computers are donated to
classrooms1979 Personal Computers grow in worldwide
popularity1981 IBM develops drill and practice software
for schools1983 Apple II computer gains acceptance in
classrooms1984 Apple Macintosh computer is developed
1986 K-12 schools use computers for instruction and guidance purposes
1990 and beyond Multimedia PCs are developed and multimedia capabilities are popularized in schoolsInternet gains popularity in schools and becomes an invaluable resource for educatorsGoogle and Yahoo become popular web search engines
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Innovativeness and Five Adopter Categories
Innovators: Venturesome
Early Adopters RespectEarly Majority DeliberateLate Majority Skeptical
Laggards: TraditionalTraditional
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Who are the least likely to adopt computer technology?
Late Majority: Skeptical
Laggards: Traditional
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Rogers’ (2003) Diffusion of Innovations
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Computer diffusion is complete.
Page 3-Section 1-2 will show worldwide computer adoption in millionsFrom the years 2003 through 2015.
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Attributes that affect computer technology adoption
IN ORDER OF IMPORTANCE:
1.Relative advantage2. Compatibility3. Trialability
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Computer technology adoption(Benefits)
Connection with business and governmentEnhances problem solving skillsCollaboration and distance educationExposure to variety of computer programs
and software (sharing data)Meets challenges of global communicationPreparation for current and future careersStudents produce higher-quality work
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Predictability for future usageSchools must alter teaching strategiesGenerate support for technology from
parents, community, and business personnel
Continual professional development activities for educators on technology usage
Equitable distribution of computers among socioeconomic groups
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Hybrid ---centralized and decentralized
combines centralized and decentralized
1. (overall control will rest with local experts) (Research)
2. Encourage diffusion through peer networks
3. Problem-centered approach created by needs
4. A high-degree of local adaptation
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Change Agents for adoption of computer technology
School SuperintendentsCurriculum DirectorsPrincipalsTeachers
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Change agent for technology integration
1) develop a need for change2) establish an information
exchange relationship3) translate an intent into action
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Computer Technology Critical MassComputer technology has
reached critical mass.My proposal is to integrate
technology in K-12 schools that has not adopted a school-wide plan for technology usage.
Every teacher and child have access to a computer for instructional purposes.
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Need for Computer Technology in educationStudents support technology in their
learning activitiesTransforms the learning environmentSupport instruction across the
curriculumDevelops problem-based and
collaborative learningEnhances student-teacher relationshipsPromotes a variety of instructional
strategies
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Support for TechnologySpeak Up Study: Lack of
Technology in K-12 Limits Access to Educational Resources & Discourages Student Engagement
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Resources for adoption of computer technologyEnhancing Education through Technology (Ed-Tech)
State Program
“The National Education Technology Plan, Transforming American Education: Learning Powered by Technology, calls for applying the advanced technologies used in our daily personal and professional lives to our entire education system to improve student learning, accelerate and scale up the adoption of effective practices, and use data and information for continuous improvement” (ED.gov
U. S. Department of Education
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Appeal for technology adoptionResearchers have shown why integration of
technology has a positive effect on students’ academic and social-based learning skills.
Turner (2009)
Lewis (2009)
Davis, Edmonds & Kelly-Bateman (2008)
Norris, Sullivan, Poirot & Soloway (2003
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Students’ technology needs are in your hands!
Skype.lnk
Internet Explorer.lnk
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Here and Now!With technology access students can setand achieve their goals through:
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Students without technology access:
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Ladies and Gentlemen:Please support 21st
Century learning by integrating technology into our schools.
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THANK YOU!
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I will answer your questions and address your
concerns.
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REFERENCESA brief history of computers in education (n.d.)Science and Technology Communications. Retrieved from
http://mstf.org/a-brief-history-of-computers-in-education.htm
Apple Computer Inc. (n.d.) Early History Retrieved from <a href=
http://ecommerce.hostip.info/pages/51/Apple-Computer-Inc-EARLY-HISTORY.html>
Cator, K. (2011). Cator says national tech plan puts learning first. T.H.E. Journal, 38 (1).
Davis, C, Edmunds, E, & Kelly-Bateman, V. (2008). Connectivism. In M. Orey (Ed.), Emerging
perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology. Retrieved May, 2011 from
http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/
Lu, R., Overbaugh, R. (2009). School environment and technology implementation in K-12 classrooms.
Computers in the Schools, 26 89-106, DOI: 10.1080/07380560902906096.
Murdock, Everett (2007) History, the History of Computers, and the History of Computers in Education.
Retrieved from http://www.csulb.edu/~murdock/histofcs.html.Norris, C., Sullivan, T., Poirot, J., & Soloway, E., (2003). No Access, No Use, No Impact:
Snapshot Surveys of Educational Technology In K-12. Retrieved May, 2011 from
http://www.stcloudstate.edu/tpi/initiative/documents/technology/No%20Access,%20No%20Use,%20No%20Impact.pdf
Rogers, E. (1962) Diffusion of innovations. Free Press, London, NY, USA.
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: Free Press.
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ReferencesSource: Yates, S. (2007). Worldwide PC Adoption Forecast 2007-2015. Retrieved online:
http://www.forrester.com/imagesV2/uplmisc/NN_MarketResearch2.pdf
Zuniga, R., (2010) Computer Technology Integration Into the Public School Classroom - A Qualitative Update. Academic Leadership the Online Journal. Retrieved from
http://www.academicleadership.org/article/Computer_Technology_Integration_Into_the_Public_School_Classro
om_-_A_Qualitative_Update