INNOVATION-CHAIN+ APPROACH FOR THE NANO-ENABLED AGRIFOOD SECTOR Douglas K. R. Robinson teQnode SARL,...
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Transcript of INNOVATION-CHAIN+ APPROACH FOR THE NANO-ENABLED AGRIFOOD SECTOR Douglas K. R. Robinson teQnode SARL,...
INNOVATION-CHAIN+ APPROACH FOR THE NANO-ENABLED AGRIFOOD SECTOR
Douglas K. R. RobinsonteQnode SARL, 75005 Paris, France
&
Centre de Gestion Scientifique (C.G.S.), Ecole des Mines, Paris
The 4th International Seville Conference onFuture-Oriented Technology Analysis (FTA)
12 & 13 May 2011
Tilo ProppIndependent researcher, Gouda, the Netherlands
INNOVATION-CHAIN+ APPROACH FOR THE NANO-ENABLED AGRIFOOD SECTOR
teQnode
A TRAILERSee FTA website for feature length edition
Aims of presentation•To give a glimpse (without too many SPOILERS) of the paper
•Entice you to read the paper (popcorn is not provided)
•To provoke first round comments
The paper
• FTA approaches need to be tailored, not only to project technology trajectories, but to speculate (in a controlled way) how the socio-technical landscape (the various environments and framing conditions that will shape future innovation journeys) will evolve
• In this theme, Orienting innovation systems towards global challenges, the emphasis is shifted from promising technologies stemming from hype & hope in technoscience, a technocentric view where projections stem from a key enabling technology, towards a system, challenge or societal need (a multi-actor view) in which many technology options (and non-technological options) may provide solutions and can (in theory) be selected as the most suitable option.
• This places a real challenge on the FTA practitioner. On the one hand, trustworthy future-oriented technology analysis is our trade, projecting futures from the present, like trajectories that can be mapped and followed or avoided. On the other, we are now faced with understanding current and potential socio-technical landscapes where the technology options are part of entanglements in a multi-actor and multi-level arrangement.
STARTING POINT
NEED TO COUPLE PROMISING TECHNOLOGY WITH SOCIETAL NEEDS
A CHALLENGE FOR FTA
The first of two slides I shall read lots of text
The paper (2)
• Our interest was in near to mid-term grand challenges and thus look at the (co) evolution of the present socio-technical landscape with promising technologies into future socio-technical landscapes.
• We wanted an approach that could be modified for all those wishing to shape technology to meet societal challenges (policy makers, civil society orgs, citizen/consumers, entrepreneurs, large firms, proactive researchers etc.)
• Would allow the tracing of both de/re alignments of current socio-technical configurations
• Would include the different assessment worlds of the various actors/stakeholders.
The second of two slides I shall read lots of text
The paper (3) Methodologies Objects Outcomes Nature
A Techno-organizational mapping Actors, activities ‘Innovation chain’: actual horizontal and vertical links and emerging chains being linked, as supply chains, into the X, Y, Z chain
Descriptive
B Rationales/
expectations mapping
Endogenous futures (techno-centric; governance-centric) and enabling conditions
‘+’: Ongoing interactions in ‘arenas of concern’
Descriptive
C Social
science
analysis
Functions of expectations; relationships between emerging and incumbent technologies
‘+’: Connections between technologies and grand challenges are mediated: they emerge from interactions between technically and socially enabling factors per future path
Prospective
We reviewed literature on approaches that could help us capture actors and activities, the connections between the present and the future and ways of assessment.
•Networks and systems (Innovation Systems, st-systems, value chains, etc.)•Expectations, agendas and activities leading to entanglements and alignment•Novelty creation and selection (evolutionary economics, enactor/selectors)
The paper (4)• We see that these elements can be combined if you
move away from a system of actors and activities
• To a system of arenas of technology production, novelty creation and selection mechanisms.
• Placing emphasis on:
• Organisational processes and entanglements (including sunk investments)
• Expectations of how the present will evolve into the future• Assessment processes (innovation and selection regimes)
Innovation-Chain+
Each bubble represents an arena of activities, novelty creation and selection
Depending on focus of analysis and FTA objective, can explore
(1)Assessment processes (2) Innovation/design regime (3) expectations and agendas (4) alignments/lock-ins (5) actor mix (6) processes of interaction within and across arenas
Methodologies Objects Outcomes Nature
A Techno-organizational mapping
Actors, activities ‘Innovation chain’: actual horizontal and vertical links and emerging chains being linked, as supply chains, into the X, Y, Z chain
Descriptive
B Rationales/
expectations mapping
Endogenous futures (techno-centric; governance-centric) and enabling conditions
‘+’: Ongoing interactions in ‘arenas of concern’
Descriptive
C Social
science
analysis
Functions of expectations; relationships between emerging and incumbent technologies
‘+’: Connections between technologies and grand challenges are mediated: they emerge from interactions between technically and socially enabling factors per future path
Prospective
GLOBAL AGRIFOOD CHALLENGES
9
SUSTAINABILITY
HUMAN HEALTH
VULNERABILITY
THE AGRIFOOD SECTOR?What do we mean by
10
Food Packaging
Here is just one small segment of the food chain tracking the elements influencing food value chain from farm to fork.
Food Value Chain Perspective
Food Packaging
Production Processing
Packaging
Distribution
Roughly this breaks down it down into four overlapping areas
Food Value Chain Perspective
Agricultural production Food Processing Food Packaging Food Distribution
Nano forms of agro chemicals
Nano carriers enabling genetic manipulation of crops and livestock
Controlled release Nano-
emulsionsNanofibers
Nano-diagnostics Nano clays
Packaging environment sensors
Edible nano-coatings
Bio-degradable packaging
Nano RFID Nano bar codes
Lots of nanoscale options
Precision Agriculture
Sustainable farmingWater and nutrient
controlFunctional foods Neutraceuticals
Improved quality control Active
packagingFlavour scalping reduction Tracking Authentication
Potentially enabling many macroscale technology applications
Consumer mistrust of Agrotech (e.g. Aftermath of BSE and GMO in UK)
Trend in disposal and convenience packaging reinforces end-of-life concerns
Tracking and Privacy issues arising from track and trace technologies
Concerns over labelling of ingredients in food, what system for nano? Specific like E-numbering system?
Concern about food contact materials (i.e. Antibacterial agents) and migration
Little clarity on what is novel food, and thus concern that lack of transparency when nano is in a product
Enhanced absorption and bio-availability leads to questions on exposure in the gut (issue of mucosal and cellular translocation)
Definition of novel food unclear. This inhibits labelling standards and thus product transparency
Contamination of food through migration of nanoparticles from food packaging or activesurfaces used in food processing.
Risk and Hazards of environmental exposure
Nan
o op
tions
and
in
fluen
ce o
n fo
od c
hain
Qua
lity
and
Safe
ty Is
sues
Soci
etal
and
G
over
nanc
e is
sues
Limited knowledge on toxicity of nano-formulations ofexisting agrochemicals which are designed to bebe more reactive and more bioactive
Consumer group concerns on dominance of fortified foods versus natural
Longevity of nano-based pesticides in question by many environmental NGOs
Nano fulfils many technical requirements, but other criteria must be met for the nano-enabled macroscale technology to be taken up and well embedded in society.
Food Value Chain Perspective and NANO +
FOOD PACKAGING
14
The Driver for Green PackagingPackaging waste costs money and costs the environment
Using figures just for the UK:
Approximately 10.5 million tons of packaging enters the UK waste system every year (DEFRA report)
More than half of this is related to food and drink
The cost of the raw materials for this is about 4.5 billion Euros per year
And this cost does not include disposal and recovery costs or wider social and environmental costs such as the accumulation of platicizers in underground water, or the production of dioxins by, for example, PVC and paper based packaging materials
SO LETS GO GREEN?
Bio-based plastics with desirable properties
Raw material from renewable sources
What is the holy grail in green packaging?
SUSTAINABLE, ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY & COMPETETIVE OPTIONS
What is the holy grail in green packaging?
SUSTAINABLE, ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY & COMPETETIVE OPTIONS
Environmentally friendly during retail, consumption and waste management
Promising Technologies
Where does NANOTECHNOLOGY add value?
Adapted diagram from: Ecobionanocomposites: A New Class of Green Materials, John R. Dorgan, Colorado School of Mines,
Renewable Sources Processing
NANO modificationBiopolymer
Traditionally biopolymers have suffered because of:• Poor barrier properties• Poor mechanical properties
Processing many of these biopolymers into nanofibres and nanowhiskers or incorporating nanoadditives can augment barrier and mechanical properties of biopolymers.
Biodegradable and edible packagingBionanocomposites
When biopolymers (such as cellulose) are mixed with nanoclay particles, the resultant nanocomposites exhibit improved barrier properties compared with the pure polymer, and after their useful life can be composted and returned to the soil . Other nanomaterials can be used including nanoparticles, nanofibres and nanowhiskers.
Bio-based nanofibres
Many biopolymers such as chitosan, cellulose, collagen and zein (derived from corn) have been synthesised as nanofibres using high electrostatic potentials from various biopolymers via the electrospinning technique.
Edible nano films
Edible films are layers of digestible material used to coat food (edible coatings) or as a barrier between food and other materials or environments (edible films). Bionanocomposites created from vegetable and fruit puree and cellulose nanowhiskers have recently been developed . Proteins that can be used include casein, whey, collagen, egg white and fish derived protein. Soya bean, corn and wheat protein also are candidates for edible films producing proteins.
A reasonably well defined societal challenge
&Lots of promising technologies
We wanted to look at the landscapes innovation
journeys would cross and co-evolve with to achieve this
societal challenge
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Wrapping Up
Methodologies Objects Outcomes Nature
A Techno-organizational mapping
Actors, activities ‘Innovation chain’: actual horizontal and vertical links and emerging chains being linked, as supply chains, into the X, Y, Z chain
Descriptive
B Rationales/
expectations mapping
Endogenous futures (techno-centric; governance-centric) and enabling conditions
‘+’: Ongoing interactions in ‘arenas of concern’
Descriptive
C Social
science
analysis
Functions of expectations; relationships between emerging and incumbent technologies
‘+’: Connections between technologies and grand challenges are mediated: they emerge from interactions between technically and socially enabling factors per future path
Prospective
teQnode
teQnode
Robinson D. K. R., Huang L., Guo Y. & Porter A. L. (In review 2011) Forecasting Innovation Pathways (FIP)
NANOBIOSENSORS
Van Merkerk & Robinson 2006Technology Analysis and Strategic Management
LAB-ON-A-CHIP
Robinson & Propp 2006 2nd FTA conf.
2008 TF&SC on multipath mapping
LAB-ON-A-CHIP
Robinson 2010 PhD ThesisSIRNA DELIVERY
Te Kulve 2011 PhD Thesis FOOD AND PHARMA
Robinson D. K. R., Huang L., Guo Y. & Porter A. L. (In review 2011) Forecasting Innovation Pathways (FIP)
DEEP BRAIN IMPLANTS
ParandianPhD Thesis forthcoming 2011
LARGE AREA ELECTRONICS
BODY AREA NETWORKS
Robinson 20083rd FTA Seminar
2009 TF&SC
CO-EVOLUTIONARY SCENARIOS FOR NANO GOVERNANCE
Elwyn et al 2011Journal of Evaluation in Clinical PracticeMEDICAL INFORMATICS FOR HEART DISEASE
Extra Slides
Locating worldwide nanobiosensor research over a base map of science (Database: SCI)
Cognitive Sci
Computer Sci
GeosciencesAgri Sci
Ecol Sci
Chemistry
Physics
Engr SciMtls Sci
Infectious Diseases
Clinical Med
Health Sci
Env Sci & Tech
Biomed Sci.
175 Science map label overlay
See Lu Huang et al.After Lunch on Text
Mining for Forecasting Innovation Pathways
THE NANOSCALEPutting into perspective
33
Putting the Nanoscale into perspective
34Artificial structures Natural structures
Putting the Nanoscale into perspective
35Artificial structures Cheese to the nanoscale
Cheese
Cheese mites
Fat Globules
Casein micelles
Milk Protein
Bouwmeester et al. (2009) Reg. Tox. & Pharma