MAR \ () i99l 0Cl , 61992

Stained Wretch

November 1,1991 - February 29, 1992

Old Habits Die Hard in the Newsletter of Special Projects & Journalism

New, ('Free" Korean Press 1992 Jefferson Fellows Selected 2

By DAVID HALVORSEN The major papers make hand­ pages about life-style and topics Japanese and U.S. journalists some, though not excessive prof­ that interest women. However, exchange views 2 David Halvorsen, aformer edi­ its. There are more than 34,000 the fundamental coverage has

tor ofthe San Francisco Exam­ men and women employed in not changed. The editors devote Richard Halloran speculates iner, has completed a study of broadcast and print. It is a pres­ 30 percent of the newshole toon the future of Asia 3 the Korean press while working tige career with good salaries every Korean's favorite topiC:

Sunanda Datta-Ray assesses as a Research Fellow at Special and opportunity for growth. politics. That is much more than the Indian press 4 Projects 60 Journtllism. The In the last six months, a third typically found in an American

Korean journalists attend study, to be published soon, is television network went on the newspaper.

mickareer workshop 5 based on his year in Korea as a air, competing with the govern­ All of this has come about Fulbright scholar researching ment's Korea Broadcasting Sys­ since October 29,1987, when

Special Projects & the topic. Recently, he gave a tem and the quasi-independent the Korean people obtained Journalism staff talk on Korea's press at the Munwha Broadcasting Com­ what Americans have taken for activities 7

T

Pacific and Asian Affairs Coun­ pany. Korean television net­ granted for more than 200 years. Some recent visitors 8 cil. Here are some excerpts. works do not air programs dur­ That is freedom of the press.

ing the daytime Monday Since the first general newspa­he Korean press enjoys con­ through Friday. One major rea­ per was founded on April 7, siderable influence today. son for this is that parents do 1896, the Korean press has been

The Choson Rbo has a paid circu­ not want their children to be dis­ under some goverrunent's firm lation near two million. Several tracted from their studies. control. There have been a few others have circulations of one In 1989, the newspapers in­ interludes of press freedom dur­million or more. Many of the 85 creased their publication cycles ing that time, but those inter­daily newspapers have electronic from six to seven days a week ludes add up to about three production systems and high­ and increased the number of years.

+ . The East-West Center speed presses capable of produc­ daily pages from 8 to 12 up to Literally, thousands ofKo­~ 1777 East-West Road ing fme-quality color 16 and 24, and sometimes 32 rean reporters and editors spent

Honolulu, Hawaii 96848 photographs and advertising. pages. They have added special More on page 6 ~

1992 Jefferson Fellows Selec OSpecial Projects

& Journalism

Richard Halloran Director JAB 4057 944--7602

John Schidlovsky Curator-Journalism JAB 4058 944--7340

Sunanda Datta-Ray Editor-in-Residence JAB 4060 944-7324

Bradley K. Martin Journalist-in-Residence JAB 4056 944--7682

David Halvorsen Visiting Fellow JAB 4059 944--7619

June Sakaba Secretary JAB 4141 944-7322

Laura Miho Secretary JAB 4141 944-7603

Fourteen journalists from the

United States, Asia. and the

Pacific have been selected as

1992 Jeff-erson Fellows to partici­

pate in this yeats program from

April 5 to June S.

John Schidlovsky is the cura­

tor of the Jefferson Fellowships,

which this year marks its 25th anniversary. During the past

quarter-century, more than 200 journalists from the United

States and the Asia-Pacific

region have participated in the

program. The 1992 Fellows are:

• Bangladesh: Mr. Arshad

Mahmud, diplomatic corre­spondent, Holiday.

• China: Ms. Shang Rongguang,

North America correspondent,

Beijing Review.

• India: Mr. Vivek Bharati, sen­ior editoc. The Times ofIndia.

• Japan: Mr. Chimaki Sakai, NHK TV correspondent.

.• Korea: Mr. Lee Sang Seok;

assistant world news editor,

Hankook nbo.

• New Zealand: Ms. Suzanne Carty, editor, Waikato Times, Hamilton.

• Singapore: Ms. Lee Siew Hua, correspondent, Sunday Times.

• Tonga: Ms. Mele Laumanu . Pe~o,controllerofnewsand

current affairs, Radio Tonga.

• United States: Mr. Jeffrey Brody, Asian Affairs reporter. Orange County Register; Mr;-' Joseph Copeland, editorial

page editor. The Herald,

Everett, Washington; Mr. Philip Primack, business

reporter, Boston Herald; Mr. Joseph (Chip) Visci, assistant

managing editor, Detroit Free Press; Ms. ThuyVu,

reporter/afternoon anchor. KQED-FM, San Francisco, and

Ms. Laura Ziegler, producer. Weekend Edition, National

Public Radio, Washington.

The Fellows will spend half

their time at the Center in a

program of intensive seminars

designed to acquaint them with

major issues affecting the

region. The Asian FellowS then

travel for a month in the United

States while their American

counterparts travel in Asia. .L

Japanese and u.s. Journalists Exchange Views at EWe

Special Projects Be Journalism helped organize and conduct

a three-day conference among

Japanese and U.S. jQurnalists

meeting at Jefferson Hall in October that examined cultural.

political, and security issues

affecting the two countries.

The conference was co-spon­

sored by the American Commit­

tee of the International Press In­

stitute and the Japan Publishers

and Editors Association (Nihon

Shimbun Kyokai) as part of an

annual. 17-year-old exchange.

Also co-sponsoring the event

was the Center for Foreign Jour­nalists in Reston, Virginia.

Among the speakers partici­

pating from Special Projects Be Journalism were Richard Hal­

loran. John Schidlovsky. David

2

Halvorsen, and Robert HewetL Also making presentations were

Richard Brislin, research associ­

ate, ICC; Tomoko Yoshida,

research fellow, ICC; Paul

Hooper, chairman of the De­

partment of American Studies

at the University of Hawaii; and

James Kelly, president of the

Honolulu Committee on

Foreign Relations.

The U.S. journalists were:

Ms. Karen Arenson. New York Times; Ms. Betty Ann Williams,

USA Today; Ms. Paula Green,

Journal ofCommerce; Mr. Rich­ard Grimes, Charleston Daily Mai~ Ms. Kathleen Burke,

Fresno Bee; Mr. Geoff Lewis,

Business Week, and Ms. Cathy

Keirn, St. Petersburg Times. Journalists from Japan were:

Mr. Yoshimitsu Sakakibara, Chunichi Shimbun; Mr. Makoto

Nagamitsu, Chugoku Shim bun; Mr.Takashi Iijima, Yomiuri Shimbun; Mr. Keinosuke Fu­jishima, Asahi Shimbun; Mr. Muneo Kuwabara, Sankei Shim­bun; Mr. Aldo Hirayama,

Mainichi Shimbun; Mr. Sadao

Imura, Kyoto Shimbun; Mr. Mikio Sanada, Nihon Keizai Shimbun; and Mr. Masashi

Pukano, Kyodo News. Accompa­

nying the delegation was Mr. Gengo N akaj irn a, chief of the

international section of Nihon Shimbun Kyokai.

Following the conference, the

u.s. journalists traveled to Ja­

pan, while the Japanese journal­

ists traveled to the U.S. main­land . .L

Risks and Uncertainty Await 21st-Century Asia

By RICHARD HALLORAN

The 21st century in Asia and the Pacific. home for 60 per­

cent of the world's people, will surely be an era of uncertainty full of both promise and risk.

In promise, the new century will see Asians driven by vigor­ous nationalism, by uneven but steady moves toward new forms of democracy, by desires for eco­nomic prosperity, by searches for Asian social orders, byef­forts to forge regional security.

The risks will lie in the potential for ultranationalistic maneuvers to gain hegemony over the region, a reversion to totalitarian regimes, a collapse of fragile economies, internal conflict among political and re­ligious factions, and open war.

It is tempting to see the

future of Asia in the context of the end of the Cold War:. But the region has been driven far more by its own dynamics than by the Cold War, which in essence was

a conflict between the Ameri­cans and Russians over the

heads of the Western and East­ern Europeans.

Instead, the course of history in Asia over the last hundred years has been mainly the strug­gle ofAsians to rid themselves ofWestern colonialism and to build independent nations. The Cold War intruded but little into those endeavors.

The fIrSt 50 years of-this pe­riod saw two movements that ended colonialism. The first was a surge of nationalism and the desire for independence. The

second was the rise of Japan as an imperial power fIrSt seeking

to ward off the West, then to

compete with the West, and fi­nally to replace the Western powers as the colonial masters ofAsia.

In the end, Japan lay devas­tated. Even so, the Japanese had

broken the back ofWestern co­lonialism, loosing the forces of nationalism and independence. Asia headed into what has been known as the postwar period but which might better have been called the postcolonial era.

This postcolonial era has been turbulent. Asians have grappled with the concept of the nation-state, an alien political thought, and have experimented with various forms of govern­ance. Economically, they have struggled to recover from the damage of World War II and more from colonial exploitation.

Now the close of the post­colonial period is in sight; it will probably end within this decade after a life of about 50 years. The postcolonial leaders-Kim II­Sung in North Korea, Deng Xiaoping in China, Suharto in Indonesia, Lee Kuan Yew in Sin­gapore-are passing from the scene. The last outposts of em­pire, Hong Kong and Macau, will revert to China before the end of the decade.

In the coming century, Asian and Pacific nations will be ener­gized by leaders who will be in­fluenced less by the colonial ex­perience and more by their own

traditions. New centers of power are being fashioned beyond the single parties and armies that have been so powerful for so long-civilian bureaucracies, business, labor unions, universi­

ties, the press and television, all functioning in expanding mid­

dle classes. Economically, many nations

ofAsia are well into the Indus­trial Revolution that began in the West in the mid-18th cen­

tury, in Japan in the mid-19th century, and elsewhere in Asia

in the mid-20th century. Japan has already reached a

world-class level. The "Four Ti­gers" of Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore are rush­ing forward, and others-Thai­land, Malaysia, Indonesia-are coming up fast. China and India seem to be shucking some of the bureaucratic constraints that have seriously hampered their economies. Regional economic organizations, such as the Asia­Pacific Economic Commission, or APEC, may bring economic

and perhaps political cohesion to the region.

On the other hand, the dis­parity in economic progress in Asia is underscored by the pov­erty that abounds in India, Burma, Bangladesh, Indochina,

and in the Philippines. Per cap­ita income in Japan is $23,500 a year while that in India is only $315. This gap will surely be a source of discontent and con­flict.

Political instability still reigns in the Philippines and Burma and may be churning under the surface in China, North Korea, and Vietnam. Marxism, an im­port from the West, may have run its course in Asia. The fu­ture of the Conununist parties in North Korea, China, and Viet­

nam is unclear but they have More on page 5 ~

3

Richard Halloran. the

director of Special

Projects & Journalism.

delivered a talk on

February 27 to the

annual symposium of

the National Defense

University in Washington.

D.C .• on the future of

Asia's international rela­

tions and security. These

are excerpts from his

remarks.

India's Diverse Press RefiectsPluraIistic Society

Sunanda Datta-Ray,

Editor-in-Residence at

the East-West Center,

recently gave a talk to

,;"18 Pacific and Asian

Affairs Council on the

subject of the Indian

press. Here are

excerpts.

By SUNANDA DATTA-RAY

I n any assessment of India,

especially to understand its press, we must remember some basic facts.

First, India is a highly plural­

istic society. India speaks with many voices, and there is very little unanimity even within the

ruling Congress Party. Secondly, Indian society is

extremely porous. Nothing re­mains a secret for very long. But, at the same time, it is not easy to sift a real secret from one that is invented.

Third, India may be the world's biggest democracy, but it is so in a purdy political sense. Our social life is not or­ganized on terribly democratic lines. In fact. when we speak of "India" we mean only the 3 per­cent of the population that is fluent in English and in which people interact constantly at many levels. It's such a close­

knit coriununity that at one time Rajiv Gandhi's press ad­viser and the newspaper editor who seemed most implacably out to "get" Rajiv Gandhi were brothers-in-law.

What should be remembered is that everything we discuss is confined to a small minority. In­dia has a population of 844 mil­lion. The literacy rate is 52 per­

, cent, which meanstoughly 439 million people can read and write. But the combinedcircula­tion of some 25,000 publica­

tions in our 15 major and 76 mi­

nor languages-including 1,600 daily newspapers-is only about

70 million. For a variety of reasons, his­

torical, social, geographic and

4

political, only newspapers in the

English language qualify for na­tional status. Yet their shareof ' the cake is small. The 4,000 Or , so publications in English (in­eluding magazines, trade joUr­nals, etc.) do not account for more than 20 percent of the:to- ' tal readership, that is, about 14 million in absolute terms.

In contrast, 100 radio sta­

tions cover 95 percent of the population; some 500 TV trans­mitters reach out to 84 percenL But these are government '

owned and controlled. When MfS. Gandhi was murdered, Ra- ' jiv Gandhi was touring in a West Bengal village. Assaon as he heard the rwnorj he whipped '

out a portable transistor and tuned in to the BBC for confir-: ' mation.

Now that people are begin­

ning to put up dish antennae-'­my mother tells me hers will be installed some time this week.:­

the impact of CNN and STAK~ TV might force India'selec- , tronic media to reconsider their position. As yet, however, they '

neither adVise nor dissenL Those functions are left to the infinitesirrially Snwl English­language press, whose main '. weakness is sociological: it is bound to the rest of the estab.;

lishment by outlook and by a discreet community of interests.

Not that the establishment al­ways smothers all dissent. When '

Mr. V. P. Singh lavished honorS '

and jobs on a number ofleading . newspapermen who. had sup- .. ported him against Rajiv Gcindhi, a well-known Delhiedi­tor declined an honor, saying

that accepting an official decora­

tion while professing journalis­tic independence would be "like 'wearing a chastity belt in a brotheL"

Some other factors have a bearing on the media's ability to advise ·or disagree:

First, most newspaper pro­prietorS are also industrialists who are beholden to the govern­mentfor perinits, licerises, ~aw materials, etc.

SecondlY, journalists, too,are beholden to the government, which lays doWli minimwn wages:and annual increments and periodically reviews the wage structure;

, Third, newsprint is strictly rationed by the government, and more than 30 percent of even a major newspaper's adver­tisin~revenue comeS from offi- ' cialsources.

Fourth, in ,a' n~tion ofpoliti­

ci~the'media often s.eem to

be more anxious to be power brokers than opinion makers.

Duimgthe twnult that Ide­scribed e~lier, at least one lead­ing paper' in Delhi did more

than just report. Its oWiler and editOr played a vigorous role be­hind the sceneS, a~vely helping th.e president and the ,finance minister against the prnn-e min­

, ister. '

Finally,.moreand mare, pro­prietors ate exteridingdir~t controlQver editorial matters. . ' Given -all thiS, I must adapt

Mr. NIxon, who said thatthe wOnder ofIndia is not that it is

governed badly but that ids gov­'emed atall~: to claim that the

More on page 8 ~

Next Century Holds an Uncertain Future for Asia

~ Continued from page 3

most likely been shaken by the

crwnbling of their brother par­

ties in the Soviet Union and

Eastern Europe. In values, the Islamic funda­

mentalism of some Arab na­

tions and Iran may spread to the Moslem communities of Asia. Signs of Hindu fundamentalism have appeared in India. Bud­

dhism, after a long period of passivity, may be awakening to

exert new influence. Christian­ity, although a Western religion, has taken long strides in South Korea and may elsewhere.

In the international arena,

many Asian and Pacific nations are likely to become more asser­

tive. South Korean leaders have let it be known that they aspire

to regional influence. India is loosening its links with the for­mer Soviet Union and the non­aligned world and is quietly lQoking for new ties to the United States and the West. On the other hand, Japan has shown

few signs of accepting interna­

tional responsibilities commen­surate with its economic

strength.

Among the great risks in Asia

and the Pacific is an unchecked

arms race. Of the world's eleven

largest military forces. eight op­erate in Asia and the Pacific­Russia, China, the United States,

India, Vietnam, North Korea,

South Korea, and Pakistan. The threat from weapons of mass de­struction has spread across the region. China and India can make nuclear arms while North Korea and Pakistan are believed to have the capacity to make

them; Vietnam is reported to

have used chemical weapons in

Cambodia. Some contend that economic

strength has replaced military power as a primary instrument in the international arena. That is only partly true. Among na­tions who agree not to use armed force in disputes, eco­nomic muscle can often carry

the day. But a Saddam Hussein,

a Kim II-Sung. or an Indian or Pakistani leader who resorts to force can only be met with mili­tary strength.

It further seems likely that

economic power works mainly

among the advanced nations where nuclear or conventional deterrence has stayed the hand

of those seeking military solu­tions. Nations without substart~ tial economic capacity, and

many Asian and Pacific nations fit this description, may resort to armed force or terror as they try to enforce their wills on thm

neighbors. Unhappily, nowhere in this

volatile situation has there ap­

peared a serious effort at arms . . .

control, either for nuclear or for

conventional weapons. Nor does there seem to be much prospect for such negotiations. There is ·

no mechanism for collective se­curity in Asia and, despite occa~ .

sional calls for organizing some sort of forum, the prospects

seem dim. .J.

Korean Joumalists Attend Third Mid-Career Workshop·

For th~third time since July, 1990, a group of 20 Korean

journalists associated with Chung-Ang University in Seoul

has completed a week-long workshop conducted by Special

Projects & Journalism. The 20 students and staff at­

tended seminars and mad.c field v.isitsduring a week in mid­

January. This year's session in­

cluded such topics as ethics in

journalism, freedom of the press, an American reporter's ex­

periences covering Korea, and views of the Korean press by an American editor who has stud­ied the subject closely.

The Korean journalists repre­sented a variety of broadcast, print and public relations com­

panies. The workshop is funded entirely by Chung-Ang Univer­sity's Graduate School of Com­

munications. The program was

coordinated by John Schid­

lovsky arid David Halvorsen. In addition to attending

seminars at the Center, the jour­nalists received briefmgsand · .

tours of the Honolulu Advertiser.. KHON-TV,Starr Siegle

McCombs advertising and pub­lic relations company and at the U.S. Pacific Command at Camp Smith, where a Korean-speaking U.s. military officer presented a briefing on security issues. The

journalists also attended· the

conference of the PacificTele.

communications Council in

Waikiki . .J.

5

Among the great

risks in Asia and

the Pacific is an

unchecked

arms race.

Korean Press Clings to Comfortable Habits ~ Ccntined from page 1

their careers under government going to cover the news. It was the 1980s consider themselves vigilance, from the Japanese, like trying on different pairs of part of the ruling class despite who more or less controlled Ko­ shoes to find a good fit. And the the fact that they have formed a rea from the tum of the century fit they found most comfortable strong union movement. What to 1945, the Americans from were the shoes of their predeces­ we have, then, is a tribal mem­1945 to 1948, and the authori­ sors of more than 100 years ago. ory ofhundreds ofyears of tarim regimes ofSyngman I speak of the scribes, poets, and yangban society and less than Rhee, Park Chung-hee, and philosophers of Korea's last dy­ five years of a democracy and Chun Doo-hwan from 1948 nasty, known as the Yi or press freedom that can only through 1987. There is nothing Chason dynasty, which existed walk when holding onto some-comparable to this experience in for more than 500 years until thing, in this case, the traditions American history. 1910. ofConfucianism.

Can you imagine what it Pronouncements from supe­must have been like for these journalists to wake up one

Can you imagine riors, in most cases the government, are readilyac­

morning and realize there what It must have cepted without question. The

• would be no Korean CIA censor been like for these journalists do not seek out in their newsroom, no knock on their apartment door with a journalists to wake

exclusive stories lest they embarrass their fellow reporters.

summons to go downtown for Up one morning and Anonymity is a virtue, thus questioning, and no beatings by one of their interrogator's favor­ite methods, rolled-up newspa­

realize there would

be no Korean CIA

eliminating the need for direct quotations and attributions. Simply put, the Korean journal­

0 pers? They could not believe it, censor in their ist sees himself as an advisor to and many still do not, carefully editing and writing in a manner

newsroom ... ? the royal court. That advice can be critical as well as praising.

that accommodates the central Unfortunately, the journalists government. Official censorship has been replaced by self-censor- There was a nice feel about

have decided to keep two old customs that are causing them

ship. those old shoes. They were eIe­ embamLssment. One is the press When the journalists realized vated and that gave the joumal­ clubs in the government rninis­

they had control of their own destinies, they needed a founda­

ists a sense of elitism. They were situated near the ruler's shoes

tries, city halls, and police sta-tions.These exclusive clubs con­

tion, or some kind of rules or and that gave them a sense of trol *=CeSS to the newsmakers, guidelines to go by. After all, power. And they could put them they fortify the male bonding so they had been told what to do on automatic pilot and the important to Koreans, and they for so long. Such instructions in- shoes walked them into the rul­ provide the conduit for the eluded what stories to print, ing class and they liked that. It is other embarrassment, the sys­what not to print, put this story true they also had the influences tematic acceptance of money on page one, put that story on page four. They did not have to make any decision; some colo­nel in the KCIA did it for them.

of the Japanese, the Americans, and the authoritarian regimes, but those were like sandals and . slippers. They wear them when

and gifts from the neWSltiakers. Accepting money and gifts is a conflict of interest, pure and simple; but the reporters and

Suddenly, they were on their they are called for. editors keep taking it and ration-own. They had to learn how to run their newspapers as busi­nesses and decide how they were

Even those young reporters and sub-editors who embraced the radical student rhetoric of

alizingthat it is part of the Con­fucian tradition of mutual help and reciprocity . .J.

6

Selected Activities of Research Staff and Fellows

RICHARD HALLORAN

Interviewed in November and

December about Pearl Harbor

50th anniversary by about 15

journalists from Japan, United

States, Sweden, Germany, Can­ada, and Australia.

t/ Appeared in November on KHET -TV "Dialogue" program

commenting on local newspa­per coverage and a critical re­

port issued by Honolulu Com­

munity-Media Council.

t/ Spoke in November on

"U.S.-Japan Relations" to Japa­nese and U.S. journalists partici­pating in exchange program at East-West Center sponsored by International Press Institute, Center for Foreign Journalists. and the Nihon Shimbun Kyokai.

Noted that U.S.-Japan relations

have more friction than at any

time since the end of World War

II.

t!' Participated in November in a conference on Kauai devoted to security and economic issues

in Asia, sponsored by the Pacific Forum of the Center for Strate­gic and International Studies.

t/Wrote article in December

for New York Times syndication service on unlikelihood ofJapan seeking military role in Asia SO years after Pearl Harbor.

t!' Appeared on KFVE-TV pro­

gram, "Island Issues," to discuss

U.S.-Japan relations on the 50th

anniversary of Pearl Harbor.

t!' Spoke in December to an­nual dinner meeting of Hawaii chapter of Society ofProfes­

sional Journalists, saying that

Japan has no plans to be a global political or military leader.

t/ Spoke in January on "The

First Amendment" to Korean

journalists attending third an­

nual Workshop for Mid-Career Journalists sponsored by Special

Projects & Journalism and

Chung-Ang University, Seoul.

t/ Spoke in January on "Ame­

rica Bashing, Japan Bashing: A Plague on Both Your House~"

to a Chicago meeting organized

by the Japan-America Society and the East-West Center Asso­ciation.

t/ Participated in January at conference at the Johnson Foun­dation in Racine, WISConsin, sponsored by the Asia Founda­tion to examine the role, if any, of the press and television in de­veloping democracy in Asia.

t/ Organized, together with the

Pacific and Asian Affairs Coun­

cil, a series of speakers on the

communications revolution in Asia. In January, spoke to a PAAC luncheon meeting to out­

line the topic and introduce the first speaker.

t!' Spoke in February on panel organized by Pacific and Asian Affairs Council on topic of Presi­dent Bush's visit to Asia, citing political ineptitude on both U.S. and Japan sides.

t/ Spoke in February on "Japan's lack of foreign policy

and military power" to a meet­

ing of board members of Free­

dom Forum Foundation and

former Freedom Forum Fellows at University of Hawaii.

t/ Spoke in February at Japan­America Society Roundtable on the topic of remoteness of Japa­

nese revival of militarism.

t/ Spoke in February at annual

symposium ofNational Defense

University in Washington, D.C., on Asian international relations

and security issues. Umcheon address on topic of "Asia in an

Age of Uncertainty."

t/ Interviewed throughout this period by American radio jour­

nalists on topics such as U.S.-Ja­pan relations, U.S. military pos­

ture in Asia, security issues, and

the question of North Korean

nuclear arms.

JOHN SCHIDLOVSKY

Appeared in November on KHET -TV program, "Dia­

logue," commenting on the state of the Honolulu press and a

critical report issued by the Honolulu Community-Media

Council.

t/Traveled to the U.S. main­

land in November to interview

candidates for the 1992 Jeffer­

son Fellowship program for journalists. Chaired selection

committee to choose from more than 40 candidates for the fel~ lowships.

t/ Met in November with dean of journalism school and presi­dent of Ohio University in Ath­ens, Ohio, to organize joint sponsorship of East-West Cen­ter's 1992 Asia Pacific News Fo­rum for editors, to be held in

September in Athens.

t/ Spoke on a panel in Novem­ber at the U.S.-Japan journalists

exchange at the East-West Cen­

ter sponsored by the interna­

tional Press Institute and the Nihon Shimbun Kyokai.

t/ Coordinated in January the third annual EWC Workshop

More on page 8 ~

7

Activities of SP Be JResearch Staff and Fellows ~ Continued from p"ge 7

Some Recent Visitors to Special Projects

& Journalism

Takashi Tachibana journalist and commentator

from Japan

Merrill Goozner Tokyo bureau chief,

Chicago Tribune

Pat Loui past president, EVVC Alumni

Dr. Oh Jaa-Wan special assistant to the

president, Research Institute for North-South Reunification; Seoul

Dr. Lee Kwang-Taek research director, Korea

Academy of Industrial Relations

Everette E. Dennis executive director, Freedom

Forum Foundation Media Center, Columbia University

Jon Vanden Hewel research assistant, Freedom

Forum Foundation Media Center, Columbia University

Phillip Harley cultural affairs offica-,

USIS, Seoul

Kim Eun-Sook staff director, education and

social affairs, Pusan city council, Pusan, Korea

Yong-Bum Cha assistant city news editor, Pusan Maeil Sinmun, Korea

Hiroshi Kondo and Kazuhiko Masuda

Japan Defense Agency

Peter Stephens Washington bureau chief,

Melbourne Age

Robert Deans, Jr. chief Asia correspondent,

Cox Newspapers

for Mid-Career Journalists from Korea co-sponsored by Special Projects & Journalism and Chung-Ang University in Seoul.

tI' Spoke in February on "Trends in the Asian Press" to a conference of former Gannett Fellows in Asian Studies and Freedom Forum Fellows in Asian Studies at the University of Hawaii.

SUNANDA DATTA-RAY

Spoke in January at an EWC­wide presentation on "India's Global Role: a Subcontinent in Search of a Policy; in which he argued that India's foreign pol­icy is likely to be set far more than in the past by the need to "take care of problems closer to home," such as economic liber­alization and regional issues.

tI' Participated in January at a "Cultural Dimension Confer­ence" in Makaha, at which he moderated a panel on cross­cultural conununication with speakers examining the Ameri­can, Japanese, native Hawaiian, and Singapore experiences.

tI' Spoke in February to a lunch meeting of the Pacific and Asian Affairs Council on "Advise and Dissent: India's Fourth Estate in Foreign Affairs," in which he traced the history of Indian journalists' role in setting for­eign-policy agenda.

BRADLEY K. MARTIN

Traveled in November to Tokyo and Seoul to interview scholars, politicians, diplomats, journal­ists, and others for work in pro­gress on South Korea.

8

tI' Spoke in November on a panel on "U.S.-Japan Relations: The Growing Crisis" at the Uni­versity of Hawaii Law School.

tI' Spoke in December to the annual dinner meeting of the Society of Professional Journal­ists, Hawaii chapter, on "Fifty Years After Pearl Harbor: Les~ sons for the Future."

tI' Spoke in January to partici­pants in the third ~ual East­West Center Workshop for Mid­Career Journalists from Korea. . Topic of talk was "A Correspon­dent's View of Korea "

tl'Traveled in February to Tokyo to interview scholars for work in progress on South Korea.

DAVID HALVORSEN

Wrote "Economic Woes Wobble Kim I1-Sung's Pedestal; in Honolulu Star-Bulletin, op-ed page, November 4, 1991, in which he wrote about the changed era of the North Ko­rean leader's most recent visit to China. Halvorsen noted: "Had Kim walked the halls of com­mercial centers in Beijing he would have heard the Korean dialects of Seoul and Pusan."

tI' Participated in November on a panel of the U.S.-Japan jour­nalists exchange held at the East­West Center and sponsored by the International Press Institute and the Nihon Shimbun Kyokai.

tI' Spoke in January to Korean journalists participating in the third annual East-West Center Workshop for Mid-Career Jour­nalists from Korea. noting the difficult development of the

Korean press in the clash be­tween traditionalism and mod­ernism.

tI' Spoke in January to the Pacific and Asian Affairs Coun­cil on "Meddlers or Messengers: The Korean press in Interna­tional Relations." See excerpts of the talk beginning on page 1of this newsletter. ~

Indian Press Mirrors N ation)s Great Diversity

>- Continued from page 4

wonder of the Indian press is not that it suffers from flaws but that it makes itself heard with such lusty vigor.

In all domestic matters, the Indian press is nowadays always

. . I

ready to advise and always also prepared to dissent Its weakness is foreign policy. where it is often quite content to follow uriCriti­cally, recalling those lines by an English versifier, Humbert Wolfe:

You cannot hope . to bribe or twist,

thank Godfthe British journalist

But, seeing what the man will do

unbribed, there's no occasion to.

By and large. there is an Indian consensus on foreign affairs. And, if one can general­ize, which is always a dangerous thing to do, the press is a-part of that consensus. ~