Initial investment Price calculation Break even...
Transcript of Initial investment Price calculation Break even...
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Economical resources
Initial investment
Price calculation
Break even point
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Key concepts
One time costs are the expenses made at the beginning of the company and you won't have to invest on them again or for a long period of time
Fixed costs are not subject to change depending on the number of units sold
Variable costs are subject to change depending of the number of units sold
Mark up is the amount added to the cost of an item to cover expenses and ensure a profit
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Initial investment
Amount of money that you need to start your business.
You have to consider:
- Initial expenses = one time costs
- Monthly running expenses for the next (3) months
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Initial Investment
One time costs
C
A
P
I
T
A
L
Equipment and machinery $ Installations $ Remodeling $ Initial inventory $ Services deposits $
Initial Promotion $ Licenses and permits $ Unexpected expenses $ Professional fees $ Initial advertising campaign $
Total
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Initial Investment
Fixed costs monthly L
A
N
D
A
N
D
L
A
B
O
R
Salaries and wages $
Rent $
Promotion and advertising $
Delivering expenses $
Insurances $
Taxes $
Repairs and maintenance $
Training $
Services (Electricity, water, telephone) $
Interests over debts $
Total
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Investment funds
Direct funds:
Angel Investors and partners
Debt funds
Banks and loans by suppliers
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Initial Investment
Calculation
One time costs
+
3(Fixed costs)
=
Initial Investment
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Production levels
Calculation 1. Define your unit of production:
One bagel, one liter of hydrogen, one cupcake.
2. Calculate the number of products you can produce according to your resources (human, material, etc.) and to the market demand and the supply.
3. Consider it daily and then define how many days a week are you going to work. Then turn these into a monthly plan.
4. Finally divide your total fixed costs between the total amount of products in a month.
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Price
The price is the amount of money a seller is willing to accept in exchange for a product, at a given time and under given circumstances.
Enterprises have as an objective make its activity profitable and obtain an economic benefit.
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Characteristics of Price
Setting a price for a good, service or an idea is not easy. You must consider
costs and expenses
supply and demand
consumer perceptions
Competition
government regulations
technological trends
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Objectives for pricing
Based on Benefit: classic model, obtain maximum profitability
Based on sales: Maximum price, Penetration price (lowest)
Based on competitors: Positioning
Based on the costs: Calculation of middlemen costs .
Based on equilibrium: Supply and Demand
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Variable costs
L
A
N
D
Raw materials $ Processed materials $ Parts $ Supplies $ Packaging $
Total
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Price Calculation
(Fixed costs/number of products per month*)
+ Variable costs (per unit)
+ % mark up
= Price
* Due to your resources planned
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Breakeven point
This point is reached when the total product´s sales are equal to the production and distribution costs.
In this point, all the expenses are covered and you are ready to have incomes.
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Calculation
To calculate the number of units you are required to sell for your product to reach the breakeven point, the next formula is used:
F.C =Units for the Breakeven point
U.P. – V.C
F.E. = Fixed costs (month)
U.P. = Unit price
V.E. = Variable costs