INGREDIENTS. Eggs Add flavor Yolk helps emulsify oil and liquid elements of batter Provide...

INGREDIENTS

Eggs

Add flavor Yolk helps emulsify oil and liquid elements of

batter Provide moisture Help bind other ingredients together Aid in browning Help a coating adhere to food surfaces for

frying

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Functions

Grades and Sizes of EggsGrades A AA B C

Sizes Small Medium Large Extra large Jumbo


Using Eggs in a Recipe Unless another size is designated in the recipe, use

large eggs for food preparation.

A large egg is the equivalent of 4 tablespoons.

To measure half an egg, crack the egg open and place in a bowl. Beat the egg and then measure out 2 tablespoons.


Tenderize Add flavor Add moisture Maintain freshness and extend keeping

quality Help produce a tender and/or flaky product Prevent foods from sticking to the pan Help transfer heat Add a degree of brownness


Fats or OilsFunction

Types of FAT or OILButterMargarineOils LardShortening


Measuring Fats or Oils

Solid Fat Use dry measuring cups, scoop, press firmly,

then level off.

Liquids Pour into a graduated (liquid) measuring cup.


Flavorings

Enhances natural flavors

Adds new flavors

Slows growth of bacteria in bread products


Functions

Types of Flavoring

Extracts vanilla, almond, peppermint

Spices cinnamon, nutmeg

Salt table kosher sea


Table Salt Used most often Mined and processed to form small,

uniformly shaped cubes - additives are added to prevent caking and some medical problems.

Processed in a manner so the crystals tend to linger on the surface of the tongue - can taste really salty and bitter.


Kosher Salt Produced by compacting granular salt

between rollers which produce large irregular flakes

Produced with no additives Dissolves easily and imparts a pleasing

flavor without over-salting


Sea Salt

Produced when seawater or water from saltwater lakes evaporates

Requires very little processing

Concentrates the minerals in the water which adds color and flavor to the salt


Measuring FlavoringSolid or granular flavoring

scoop into appropriate measuring spoonLiquids

pour into appropriate measuring spoons


Provides bulk Provides structure Acts as a thickener Coats food


Flour

Functions

Types of Flour All purpose Whole wheat Cake Bread Unbleached Pastry Instant Self-rising…


Measuring Flour Sift or stir to flour incorporate air (sifting

insures accurate measurements).

Scoop gently into dry measuring cups and level off with a straight edge.


Leavening Agents

Incorporate air into food products React with moisture or with sweetening

agents to produce carbon dioxide which will eventually create bubbles which will increase volume of a food product


Functions

Leavening Agents Used in Food Preparation

Baking soda

Baking powder

Yeast


Measuring Leavening Agents Scoop with an appropriate measuring

spoon Level off with a straight edge


Liquid

Add moistureHelp ingredients react with each otherBind ingredients together


Functions

Liquids Used in Food PreparationMilkButtermilkWaterJuice


Measuring Liquid Ingredients Place graduated measuring cup on a level

surface Pour liquid into the cup Read it at eye level Scrape the cup with a rubber spatula after

pouring


Sweeteners

Adds flavorProvides tendernessAdds crispnessBrowns as it melts during cooking

(caramelizing)


Functions

Various Sweeteners Granulated sugar Superfine sugar Powdered sugar Brown sugar Raw sugar Honey Corn syrup Artificial sweeteners


Measuring Sweeteners Granulated sugar

spoon into a nested measuring cup level off with a straight edge.

Brown sugar pack firmly in a nested measuring cup level with a straight edge.

Syrups pour into a graduated measuring cup.


INGREDIENTS. Eggs Add flavor Yolk helps emulsify oil and liquid elements of batter Provide...

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