[Ingles] Maratona 2012

LÍNGUA INGLESA MARATONA AFA 2012

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SIMULADO AFA Texto I

MORE DIAPERS, PLEASE By George Wehrfritz October was a trying month for the obstetrics team at Hong Kong’sPrince of Wales Hospital. On average, six women from mainland Chinaentered its maternity ward every day, most just hours before giving birth – asurge that pushed the monthly workload for doctors, nurses and midwives tonearly double the ward’s capacity. Over the past two years so many mainlandwomen have flocked into the territory to give birth in the city’s public hospitalsthat Hong Kong maternity wards now resemble emergency rooms.Why are so many coming? Some women seek to avail themselves ofHong Kong’s superior medical care or dodge China’s strict family-planningrules. But the majority seek something they believe will give their newborns aleg up in life: Hong Kong citizenship. “It’s just like in the old days when HongKong people would go to Canada or the U.S. to have their babies,” quips onesenior servant. “Only now we’re at the receiving end.” The influx is a demographic blessing, of sorts. Hong Kong has one of theworld’s lowest birthrates and faces a serious aging crisis, so much so thatChief Executive Donald Tsang has called on young married couples to adopta “three-child policy” to boost the city’s paltry fertility rate. But many in HongKong worry that care for local women could be compromised in the rush.And the notion of tourists’ plotting to gain passports for their unborn babiesstrikes a discordant note. Residents foresee large numbers of newcomersdemanding free schooling and social services and low-cost medical care.

(Newsweek, January 15, 2010.)

1- According to the text:

a) women from mainland China are swamping Hong Kong maternity wards. b) chinese women give birth very easily. c) Hong Kong intends to double its maternity ward’s capacity in order to provide prenatal care. d) in mainland China there are not enough doctors, nurses and midwives, so Chinese women go to Hong Kong to give birth.

2- According to the text, most mothers seek to grant Hong Kong citizenship totheir newborns because having such citizenship:

a) entitles the kid to live in Canada or in the US. b) is likely to give children an advantage in life. c) grants a superior medical care. d) allows women to give birth in good hospitals.

3- The sentence from the last paragraph – “The influx is a demographicblessing” – most probably means that Hong Kong:

a) is panicked over a demographic surge. b) is having trouble with its high birth rate. c) does not welcome mainlanders to live and have children in its territory. d) could use a boost to its birthrate

4- The “three-child policy” mentioned in the text, most likely refers to:

a) a suggestion to mainlanders to have three children. b) a policy intended to lower the birth rate in Hong Kong. c) a plan aiming to oblige all families in Hong Kong to have three children. d) a method of action intended to increase Hong Kong’s low birth rate.

5- According to the text, Hong Kong residents:


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a) have shown concerns about social service strains. b) worry about low birth rates and the aging crisis. c) welcome mainlanders offering them free schooling and social services. d) want politics to slow the mainlander’s influx.

Texto II

POWER PAPER: ENERGY STORAGE BY THE SHEET Could paper be the future of power in electronic gadgetry? Just asplastics unleashed a revolution in the manufacture of everyday materials, anew power source composed of cellulose, carbon nanotubes and a dash ofliquid salts could revolutionize the energy behind gadgets from iPhones topacemakers. “We have a paper battery, supercapacitor and hybrid device that couldbe used in a variety of energy storage applications,” says biological andchemical engineer Robert Linhardt of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (R.P.I),who helped lead the team that made the discovery. “These devices arelightweight and flexible and are primarily composed of cellulose paper – anenvironmentally friendly and biocompatible material.”In addition to all the flexibility gained from creating this thin dry sheet of “nanocomposite paper,” the paper battery can also be cut up or stacked andworks at a wide range of temperatures, from –100 degrees Fahrenheit to 350degrees F (without bursting into flame). And, depending on how the paper ismade, it can function as a battery, a supercapacitor (an unusually efficientenergy storage device that can deliver a quick burst of power) or both. “Thenanotubes on which the cellulose is cast contact the paper at the molecularlevel with an enormous surface area, allowing the device to efficiently storeand release power,” Linhardt says.The power paper could also absorb salty bodily fluids, such as sweat orblood, to function as a supercapacitor. “The use of these electrolytes basedon bodily fluids suggests the possibility of the device being useful as a drybody implant,” Linhardt notes. “We are very interested in the possibility ofdisposable paper defibrillators as a potential medical application.”If the power sheets can be rolled off a printing press, as scientistshope, the future of energy storage may be in paper. “We are realisticenough to recognize that the actual scale up of a process can be fraughtwith unanticipated difficulties,” Linhardt says. But “we do not see any insurmountable challenges.”

(Adapted from the article by David Biello.) 6- In synthesis, the article describes a:

a) gadget that uses up all the stored power in batteries. b) process that can be riddled with unanticipated difficulties. c) device that can be used as a dry body implant. d) flexible, paper-thin power source derived from carbon nanotubes andcellulose.

7- The new discovery exhibits all of the following aspects but one, which isthat :

a) works at a wide temperature range. b) is lightweight and flexible. c) is a source of paper. d) can be cut up or stacked.

8- The word “actual” in the last paragraph means:

a) current. b) modern. c) real. d) present.

9- According to the text, the possibility of using this process on a large scale in the future seems:

a) intractable. b) insurmountable.


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c) unlikely. d) feasible.

10- All verbs are correct according to the sentences but one. Mark it.

a) The scientists have worked by repairing nanotubes recently. b) They recommended to work with nanotubes last month. c) Polytechnic Institutedislike working with nanotubes. d) The chemical engineer kept doing the work with nanotubes.

Texto III HALF THE NATION, A HUNDRED MILLIONCITIZENS STRONG Source: www.economist.co.uk Sep 11th, 2008 (Adapted) 1.It remains hard to define, and attempts to do so often seem arbitrary. Butin Brazil, the middle class describes those with a job in the formal economy,access to credit and ownership of a car or motorbike. According to theFundaçãoGetúlio Vargas (FGV), a research institute, this means householdswith a monthly income ranging from 1,064 reais ($600) to 4,561 reais.Since 2002, according to FGV, the proportion of the population that fits thisdescription has increased from 44% to 52%. Brazil, previously notorious forits extremes, is now a middle-class country. 2.This social climbing is a feature mainly of the country’s cities, reversingtwo decades of stagnation that began at the start of the 1980s. MarceloNeri of FGV suggests two factors behind the change. The first is education.The quality of teaching in Brazil’s schools may still be poor, but those aged15-21 now spend on average just over three more years studying than theircounterparts did in the early 1990s. 3. The second is a migration of jobs from the informal “black” economy tothe formal economy. The rate of formal job creation is accelerating, with 40%more created in the year to this July than in the previous 12 months, whichitself set a record. Together with cash transfers to poor families, this helpsto explain why – in contrast with economic and social development in Indiaor China – as Brazil´s middle class has grown, so the country´s incomeinequality has lessened. 11- According to paragraph 1, in Brazil:

a) 44% of the population has just entered the middle class. b) the middle class aims to earn 4,561 reais per month. c) a set of features defines its middle class. d) access to credit has boosted by 52%.

12- The tense of the verb of the following sentence is “It remains hard to define”:

a) Simple Past. b) Simple Present. c) Present Perfect. d) Past Perfect.

13- In the sentence “Brazil, previously notorious for its extremes, is now a middle-class country.”, the bold typed pronoun refers to:

a) middle class. b) country. c) Brazil. d) formal economy.


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14- According to paragraph 3, Brazil’s income inequality has lessened. Therefore, it has:

a) increased. b) been eliminated. c) remained unaltered. d) decreased.

15- The negative form of the following sentence is “…counterparts did in the early 1990s.”

a) “…counterparts didn’t do in the early 1990s.” b) “…counterparts didn’t did in the early 1990s.” c) “…counterparts hadn’t done in the early 1990s.” d) “…counterparts didn’t in the early 1990s.”

16- In the sentence “…which itself set a record…” itself is a :

a) personal pronoun. b) possessive pronoun. c) possessive adjective pronoun. d) reflexive pronoun.

17- The negative form of the following sentence is “… Brazil’s middle class hasgrown…”

a) “… Brazil’s middle class hasn’t grown…” b) “… Brazil’s middle class has grown not …” c) “… Brazil’s middle class had not grown…” d) “… Brazil’s middle class doesn’t have grown…”

18- The tense of the verb of the following sentence is “…the rate of formal job creation is accelerating…”

a) Simple Past. b) Present Continuous. c) Present Perfect. d) Past Perfect.

19- The interrogative form of the following sentence “… this helps to explain…”

a) “… does this helps to explain…” b) “… this does help to explain…” c) “… this is helping to explain…” d) “… Does this help to explain…”

20- Complete the sentence with the correct verb tense: I_______________________ hard before you visited me.

a) had being working. b) had worked. c) had. d) has worked.


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GABARITO:

1. A

2. B

3. D

4. D

5. A

6. D

7. C

8. C

9. D

10. B

11. C

12. B

13. C

14. D

15. A

16. D

17. A

18. B

19. D

20. B

[Ingles] Maratona 2012

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