Let´s destroy Political limits :

We present you… "PERU"

OBJETIVESPromote national values in the people and establish respect in the foreign people

Promote the proper valuation of a global culture as rich as ours. 

PROBLEM:‘¿How we can encourage and promote the national love? 

HIPOTESIS: -Using the information that the students of fifth grade of secondary are going to give in the project many other students and people will Know something more about our culture and in this way they will value and love it.

"PERU"History

Etymology

RegionsGeography

GovernmentEconomyCultureLanguage

Religion

Cuisine

Turistic Places

Dances

Celebrations

Peruvian Writers

National symbolsCultures

Our History has been changing through the years. First there were many different cultures that settled down in our country like Cupisnique, Chavin, Paracas, Mochica,Nazca,Wari,and Chimu, this cultures are called Pre-Inca cultures because they took place before the beginning of the Incas.

Each culture settled down in different cities of our country but here in Trujillo was the Mochica culture which gave us all our traditions and customs.

In the 15th century this new powerful state (the Incas) appeared and start to conquer those cultures so it became the most important Peruvian culture.

When the Incas were a big empire a group of Spanish conquerors came to our country and destroyed this majestic empire and that’s how the Viceroyalty started in Peru. 

The Incas got tired of Spanish abuse so they started planning liftings against the Spanish crown with José de San Martín and Simon Bolivar as principal leaders.

After a period of revolutions and civil wars we were able to claim for our Independence. That’s when José de San Martín proclaim our freedom on July 28 of 1821.

Etymology• ¬

• The word Peru is derived from Birú, the name of a local ruler who lived near the Bay of San Miguel. Then, it was changed by Francisco Pizarro who asked for the Spain crown to gave our country the legal name of Peru.

• We live in Trujillo and this name was given to our city by Francisco Pizarro as well because of the city ubicated in Spain which has the same name.

• .

Regions

Peru is divided into 25 regions and it’s capital is Lima. Each region has an elected government composed of a president and a council, which serves for a four-year term. AmazonasAncashApurímacArequipaAyacuchoCajamarcaCallaoCuscoJunín

La LibertadLambayequeLimaLoretoMadre de DiosMoqueguaPascoHuancavelicaHuánucoIca

 

TacnaTumbesUcayaliPiuraPunoSan Martín

 

The coast, to the west, is a narrow plain, largely arid except for valleys created by seasonal rivers.

Peru covers 1,285,216 km2 . It borders Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the southeast, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The Andes Mountains run parallel to the Pacific Ocean, dividing the country into three geographic regions.

Geography

The highlands is the region of the Andes; it includes the plateau as well as the highest peak of the country, the 6,768 m (22,205 ft) Huascarán.

The third region is the rainforest, a wide expanse of flat terrain covered by the Amazon rainforest that extends east. Almost 60% of the country's area is located within this region.

Peru's longest rivers are the Ucayali, the Marañón, the Putumayo, the Yavarí, the Huallaga and the Amazon

Government

Politics of the Republic of Peru takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, where the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government, legislative power is vested in both the government and the Congress and the Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature

Economy

Peru is considered a underdeveloped country but our state is trying really hardly to increase our economy and promote the national exportation.

Peruvian currency have been through many changes and modifications. For example years ago, peruvian people used as currency some little coins called “Intis” which now have turned into new coins called “Nuevos soles”.

Language

The main language is Spanish but there are also many others native languages like Quechua, Aymara, Kawki and Jaqaru. Also there are many others that are already cosidered as extincted languages.

Peruvian culture is primarily rooted in Amerindian and Spanish traditions, though it has also been influenced by various African, Asian, and European ethnic groups.

Peruvian artistic traditions date back to the elaborate pottery, textiles, jewelry, and sculpture of Pre-Inca cultures. The Incas maintained these crafts and made architectural achievements including the construction of Machu Picchu.

Culture

Peruvian literature has its roots in the oral traditions of pre-Columbian civilizations. In the early 20th century, the Indian Movement produced such writers as Ciro Alegría, José María Arguedas, and César Vallejo.

Peruvian cuisine is a blend of Amerindian and Spanish food with strong influences from African, Arab, Italian, Chinese, and Japanese cooking. Common dishes include anticuchos, ceviche and pachamanca.

Religion

The Peruvian government is closely allied with the Catholic Church. So we can say that it is the main religion in our country, anyway thanks to the freedom of religion there are many people who believe in many other and different religions like moslems protestants and even atheistics.

Tipical Dances

• Marinera: This is a really elegant dance which represents flirting between the man and the woman.

• The Huayno is a dance from the mountains from Peru, the origin of this dance is from Inca and Pre Inca time.

• The Huaylash is another dance from the mountains from Peru, it looks a bit like a funny tap dance and it’s a representation of agricultural tasks.

• The Diablada is a typical dance from the Southern Part of Peru, it started like a representation of the evil and the good spirits during colonial times and then developed into a colorful dance with costumes with evil heads.

• The dance of the scissors is an Indian dance originating in the region of Ayacucho, ,

• There are also many Afro Peruvian dances, called “negroides” , that began in Colonial times when the Spanish brought slaves to South America. 

• There are many more dances like some from the Amazon Region of Peru and we could say that every city has a different dance.

Peruvian Celebrations

PERUVIAN WRITERS WHO ARE RECOGNIZED ALL OVER THE WORLD:

Was born in Peru; in Arequipa and is considered the best Latin American writer. An important distinction he has received is the 1994 Miguel de Cervantes Prize. He is a pride for most Peruvians because he was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature. Becoming into the first Peruvian who has awarded a prize like this.

Mario Vargas Llosa :

César Vallejo Mendoza

César Vallejo was born in Santiago de Chuco.

He published "The Black Heralds.

By charging the freedom travels back to Lima and publishes "Trilce" and other works.

He leads a life full of hardships close.

Die one Friday on April 15, 1938.

José Carlos Mariátegui

José Carlos Mariátegui was born in Moquegua.

In 1919 he created the newspaper La Razón where university reform and support workers' struggles.

Then he published his "Seven Interpretative Essays on Peruvian Reality." A year later, he founded the Confederation of Workers of Peru.He died in Lima on April 16, 1930.

Claudia Llosa :

In 2009 Llosa finished her second film The Milk of Sorrow which was shortlisted for the 59th Berlin International Film Festival. It was the first Peruvian film nominated for the Golden Bear award, and won the main award. On February 2, 2010 Llosa's The Milk of Sorrow was nominated for the Academy Award in the Best Foreign Film Category.

Was born in Lima, studied in Newton College and received a degree in communication studies in the University of Lima.

Peruvian Flag :

The flag of Peru was adopted by the government of Peru in 1825. It is a vertical tree-band with red outer bands and a single white middle band. Depending on its use, it may be defaced with different emblems, and has different names. Flag day in Peru is celebrated on June 7, the anniversary of the Battle of Arica.

National symbols of Peru

National anthem:

This anthem was adopted in 1821. Seven compositions were entered to produce this national anthem, and on the prefixed day, they were reviewed and played. General José de San Martín chose master Jose Bernardo Alcedo musical production without no doubt. The beautiful voice of lady Rosa Merino, was the first to intone the anthem, from the original verses from the poet Don José de la Torre Ugarte.

This coat, consists of three elements: the top left section shows the vicuña, representing the fauna of Peru; the tree in the top right section is the cinchona tree, representing the national flora; and the bottom cornucopia with coins spilling from it, on a red field, represents the mineral resources of the country.

Coat of arms:

HISTORY OF THE FLAG OF PERU

The story says that the general Jose de San Martín was sleeping, so he had a dream. In this dream he could saw this flock of bird which wings were red and it’s breasts were white. In that moment, San Martín decided the color of our flag: red and white.

Meaning of the colors:

Many people say that the white represents peace and the red is the blood from the fighters who made everything for our freedom.

MANCO CAPAC AND MAMA

OCLLO LEYEND:AYAR

BROTHERS

Over the course of 1400 years, pre-Inca cultures settled along the Peruvian coast and highlands.

Cultures of Perú

The first Peruvian civilization settled in Huantar , Ancash in around 1000 BC. The power of the civilization, based on a theocracy, was centered in the Chavin de Huantar temple, whose walls and galleries were filled with sculptures of ferocious deities with feline features.

The Paracas culture (700 BC) rose to power along the south coast, and was to craft superb skills in textile weaving.

The north coast was dominated by the Mochica civilization (100 AD). The culture was led by military authorities such as the Lord of Sipan.

The highlands saw the rise of the Tiahuanaco culture (200 AD), based in the Collao region (which covered parts of modern-day Bolivia and Chile).

The Nazca culture (300 AD) were able to tame the coastal desert by bringing water through underground aqueducts. They formed an agricultural calendar which even today baffles researchers.

The Wari culture (600 AD) introduced urban settlements in the Ayacucho area and expanded its influence across the Andes.

The refined Chimu culture (700 AD) crafted gold and other metals into relics and built the mud-brick citadel of Chan Chan, near the northern coastal city of Trujillo.

The Chachapoyas culture (800 AD) made the best possible use of arable land and built their constructions on top of the highest mountains in the northern cloud forest.

TURISTIC PLACES IN PERUPeru is a country in western of South America. This country

has rich natural resources and many great places to visit. Check out the list below the most popular tourist attractions in Peru.

ARQUEOLOGICAL PLACES:1. Chan ChanIs an archaeological site. It is Located west of Trujillo, Chan Chan is an impressive set of ruins of an ancient city. Was added as a Unesco World Heritage Site in 1986.

2. Chavín de Huántar

Chavín de Huántar is an archaeological site containing ruins and artifacts constructed.

It is located 250 kilometers north of

Lima. Chavín de Huántar has been

designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

3. Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu is the site of an ancient Inca city, high in the Andes of Peru. It was built in the classical Inca style, with polished dry-stone walls.

4. Nazca lines

The Nazca Lines are a series of ancient geoglyphs located in a town on Peru Southern Coast. The Nazca Lines was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994.

LAKES AND NATIONAL PARKS:

1. Titicaca Lake

Lake Titicaca is a lake located on the border between northern Bolivia and southern Peru. It is considered the highest commercially navigable body of water in the world.

2. Huascarán National Park

This is located in the Cordillera Blanca range of Peru. It was also pronounced as Natural Heritage of Humanity and recognized as Reserve of Biosphere.

3. Manú National Park

It is a biosphere reserve located in the isolated region of Madre de Dios, is one of the most diverse areas in Peru and South America. The park was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987.  

4. Paracas National Reservation

The Paracas National Reserve is located in Ica, Peru and consists of the Paracas Peninsula. Paracas National Reserve is a popular nature reserve on the Southern Coast of Peru. Paracas is also a very popular beach resort destination.  

Peruvian Cuisine

The cuisine of Peru is among the most diverse in the world, as evidenced by the fact that we have the largest number of dishes in the world and according to several understandings, peruvian cuisine reached a level equivalent to French food, China and India.Peruvian culinary arts are constantly evolving, so it is impossible to establish a complete list of representative dishes.

 

Main features

The kitchen has been the meeting point of diverse cultures, thanks to the inclination of the mixture that has characterized the history of Peru. Rice is a food that accompanies many dishes from this popular country .

Main Ingredients

-Potato, more than 2,500 registered varieties of native potatoes in the Andean region.-Sweet Potato, with about 150 varieties.

Hot peppers are grown almost exclusively in Peru.

Cherimoya, which is of Peruvian origin. 

Achiote, a fruit seed originall from Peru and Mesoamerica, is used as food flavoring and as a natural dye in cosmetics in the world.

Corn grain of Peru is very large component of many traditional dishes, plus a variety: purple corn, is unique in the world.

Peruvian cuisine in the world of today In the last decade of the twentieth century, Peruvian cuisine started to become popular outside its borders. Because of this rich variety and the harmony of taste and food employees, Peruvian cuisine is consistently awarded internationally and his chefs often tend to get international medals that distinguish them.

Most popular dishes today

• Coastal cuisine:

Peru is one of the two major producers and exporters of fish meal for animal feed in the world.

Ceviche is a dish widely disseminated and Cultural Heritage of the Nation by the Peruvian government. The basic recipe ceviche is the same in all regions: fish pieces, lemon juice, red onion, pepper and salt. 

• Andean cuisine

The Andes are the source of ancient cultures and with them the taste of the cuisine. In this high country, the main power remains corn , potato, and multiple tubers.

Cuy :Travel in the highlands of Inca country, and you're likely to be offered cuy, a traditional Andean entree, on the menu. Cuy, alternately called conejillo de indias is a guinea pig or cavy.

The cuisine of the jungle

The most popular dishes of the Peruvian Amazon are Juane, tacacho and Suri

Tacacho:It consists in grilled bananas smashed.

Suri: Is a type of worm, typical of the rainforest and is eaten fried.

Desserts & Sweets:

Alfajor: Dessert of colonial origin.

Picarones: This dish is served like rings made from a mixture of flour and chunks of squash and fried in a hot pan coated in molasses syrup. 

..

Beverages:

Chicha: is prepared from the time of the Incas, is made by fermenting corn germ, called Jora and different fruits and spices.

Aguajina : It’s a typical beverages from the jungle , It’s prepared from Aguaje , Especial fruit from this region.

Spirits & Cocktails

Pisco: Pisco is the national drink. There are four varieties of Peruvian pisco, fresh, green juice, alcoholated and aromatic. Mixing pisco and lime, we prepare the famous pisco sour which is our national drink.

Conclusions 

Finally we can say that Peru is a country full of both physical and

intellectual riches, full of heroes who fought for independence showing

great courage and love for our homeland. It is an example of a

country, which is striving to get ahead and move from an underdeveloped

country to a developed one.

Students:

• Hilda Topacio Zuta Loyola

• Milagros Schmiel Pajares

• Claudia Horna García

• Samantha Artíca Espinal

• Andrea Rojas Bracamonte

• Lucero Cruz León

Thanks…