Where did “Engineers” Where did “Engineers” first come from?first come from?

Engineers where people who Engineers where people who “ran” engines and engines came “ran” engines and engines came

from being ingeniousfrom being ingenious

Ingenious Ingenious Engine Engine►Some of the earliest Some of the earliest

ingenious ingenious inventions where inventions where war machines, such war machines, such as this Mangonel.as this Mangonel.

►This lead to This lead to ingenious becoming ingenious becoming engine and the war engine and the war engine.engine.

What is an Engineer?What is an Engineer?(from the dictionary)(from the dictionary)

1.1. a person who a person who designs, constructs, designs, constructs, and uses engines and uses engines or machines.or machines.

2.2. a person who a person who manages an engine manages an engine or locomotiveor locomotive

3.3. Also someone who Also someone who creates solutions to creates solutions to problemsproblems

1. Water Compartment1. Water Compartment2. Coal Bunker2. Coal Bunker3. Worm Coal Conveyor3. Worm Coal Conveyor4. Reverse Lever 4. Reverse Lever (Johnson Bar)(Johnson Bar)5. Stoker5. Stoker6. Throttle Lever6. Throttle Lever7. Water Gauge7. Water Gauge8. Firebox8. Firebox9. Crown Sheet9. Crown Sheet10. Safety Valve10. Safety Valve11. Turbine-Generator11. Turbine-Generator12. Boiler Water12. Boiler Water13. Steam Dome13. Steam Dome14. Throttle Valve14. Throttle Valve15. Boiler Tubes15. Boiler Tubes16. Dry Pipe16. Dry Pipe17. Water Delivery Check17. Water Delivery Check Valve Valve18. Sand Dome18. Sand Dome19. Flue Tubes19. Flue Tubes20. Superheater Tubes20. Superheater Tubes21. Smokebox21. Smokebox22. Blast Pipe22. Blast Pipe23. Steam Chest23. Steam Chest24. Cylinder24. Cylinder25. Piston25. Piston26. Crosshead26. Crosshead27. Main Rod27. Main Rod28. Side Rod28. Side Rod29. Sand Pipe29. Sand Pipe30. Ashpan Hopper30. Ashpan Hopper31. Brick Arch31. Brick Arch32. Grate32. Grate33. Injector33. Injector

For the first time, machinery started to become complex in

its nature and needing specialized skills to operate. No longer could “anyone” run

these machines.

Steam Timeline A few of the Highlights

100 100 A.D. Hero's Engine is CreatedA.D. Hero's Engine is Created1606 1606 Giovanni Battista Della Porta uses Giovanni Battista Della Porta uses

steam to make water rise through steam to make water rise through a columna column

1690 1690 Denys Papin discovers a way to Denys Papin discovers a way to produce a vacuum using steam but produce a vacuum using steam but does not pursue the knowledgedoes not pursue the knowledge

1698 1698 Thomas Savery combines the force Thomas Savery combines the force of steam with the pressure of the of steam with the pressure of the atmosphere and patents the first atmosphere and patents the first atmospheric engineatmospheric engine

1712 1712 Thomas Newcomen produces a self Thomas Newcomen produces a self acting atmospheric engineacting atmospheric engine

1769 1769 James Watt is granted a patent for James Watt is granted a patent for the Separate Condenserthe Separate Condenser

Hero’s Steam engine

1780 1780 James Pickard and James Pickard and Matthew Wasborough create an Matthew Wasborough create an engine with rotary motion by engine with rotary motion by fitting a crank, rod and flywheel fitting a crank, rod and flywheel to Newcomer's Modelto Newcomer's Model

1783 1783 A double acting engine A double acting engine is introduced by Watt - Steam is introduced by Watt - Steam pushes on each side of the pushes on each side of the piston alternately as opposed piston alternately as opposed to just one sideto just one side

1786 1786 Boulton and Watt Boulton and Watt produce a double acting produce a double acting rotative enginerotative engine

1802 1802 A steam railway A steam railway locomotive is built at locomotive is built at Coalbrookdale, ShropshireCoalbrookdale, Shropshire

Newcomer’s Steam engine

1802 1802 A stern wheel steam paddle A stern wheel steam paddle tug is created by William tug is created by William SymingtonSymington

1807 1807 Robert Fulton's ship the Robert Fulton's ship the "Clermont" becomes the first "Clermont" becomes the first steamship to provide regular steamship to provide regular passenger service in Americapassenger service in America

1825 1825 The First Public Railway to The First Public Railway to use steam locomotives opensuse steam locomotives opens

1827 1827 The era of locomotive The era of locomotive success begins in Britainsuccess begins in Britain

1838 1838 The Great Western Railway The Great Western Railway opensopens

1844 1844 The "Lancashire" boiler is The "Lancashire" boiler is introduced in Manchester by introduced in Manchester by William FairbairnWilliam Fairbairn

1846 1846 The Regulation of Railways The Regulation of Railways (Gauge) Act is passed (Gauge) Act is passed The "Tank Engine" is bornThe "Tank Engine" is born

1850 1850 Randolph Elder fits the first Randolph Elder fits the first marine compound enginemarine compound engine

Steam Timeline A few of the Highlights

1865 1865 Commuter Traffic becomes prominent in large cities - Passenger traffic Commuter Traffic becomes prominent in large cities - Passenger traffic locomotives are introduced by the railwayslocomotives are introduced by the railways

1878 1878 Willans patents the high speed fully enclosed "inverted vertical" engineWillans patents the high speed fully enclosed "inverted vertical" engine1890 1890 Charles Pain patents the forced-lubrication-high-speed-enclosed engineCharles Pain patents the forced-lubrication-high-speed-enclosed engine1898 1898 The first British express locomotive travels on the Great Northern The first British express locomotive travels on the Great Northern

RailwayRailway1906 1906 Superheating of steam is invented by Dokter Schmidt and used in British Superheating of steam is invented by Dokter Schmidt and used in British

Railway Railway locomotiveslocomotives1938 1938 The streamlined "Pacific" 4-6-2 locomotive "Mallard" reaches a speed of The streamlined "Pacific" 4-6-2 locomotive "Mallard" reaches a speed of

126 miles 126 miles per hour (201 kph), per hour (201 kph), This speed still stands as a world record.This speed still stands as a world record.

1960 1960 The final steam locomotive is built by British Railways - "Evening Star"The final steam locomotive is built by British Railways - "Evening Star"

Steam engines where used for Steam engines where used for heavy machineryheavy machinery

Most steam engines where so Most steam engines where so large they had to be transported large they had to be transported by rail or over water on bargesby rail or over water on barges

Eventually someone realized Eventually someone realized you could run a steam engine you could run a steam engine over land and the first tractors over land and the first tractors

were builtwere built

20 HP Oil City Steam Engine20 HP Oil City Steam Engine

14x17x19”

Stanley Steamer AutomobileStanley Steamer Automobile

1897-1924Invented by the Stanley Brothers from Maine and manufactured in Massachusetts

The world’s most popular automobile until about 1908.

Every engineering discipline eventually Every engineering discipline eventually leads to combining different leads to combining different

technologies to improve the designtechnologies to improve the design

Why engineers were Why engineers were important:important:

► Cost:Cost: Steam engines Steam engines

represented a huge represented a huge investment that investment that needed to be needed to be protected (by taking protected (by taking good care of it)good care of it)

By protecting people By protecting people who relied on the who relied on the engines (try getting engines (try getting stuck in the middle of stuck in the middle of the ocean with a the ocean with a broken steam engine.broken steam engine.

Ready to make a call?

Why engineers are importantWhy engineers are important► Their job is to look Their job is to look

at how something is at how something is done or how done or how something should something should work and make it work and make it happen using happen using principles of principles of engineering and engineering and science and science and mathematics.mathematics.

► They are often They are often innovators innovators (inventors)(inventors)

► They find ways of They find ways of improving the way improving the way things workthings work

► They are given They are given challenges to challenges to overcomeovercome

Safety:Safety:► Safety:Safety:

Steam engines are Steam engines are operated by super heated operated by super heated waterwater

Water boils at 212 degrees Water boils at 212 degrees F (100 degrees C) but F (100 degrees C) but engines keep their water engines keep their water around 350-400 degreesaround 350-400 degrees

If the boiler fails, all the If the boiler fails, all the super heated water super heated water immediately turns to immediately turns to steamsteam

1 gallon liquid water =1 gallon liquid water = 2000 gallons of steam! 2000 gallons of steam!

NYC Steam ExplosionJuly 2007July 2007

Other types of engineers:Other types of engineers:► ChemicalChemical► BiomedicalBiomedical► CivilCivil► MechanicalMechanical► ElectricalElectrical► ComputerComputer► AgriculturalAgricultural► AerospaceAerospace

► AeronauticalAeronautical► FoodFood► CommunicationsCommunications► SystemsSystems► ProcessProcess

What do engineers do?What do engineers do?► Engineers create Engineers create

solutions to solve solutions to solve problemsproblems

► They identify the They identify the problemsproblems

► They incorporate new They incorporate new technologiestechnologies

► They develop plans for They develop plans for making new making new products/technologiesproducts/technologies

► They refine what They refine what already existsalready exists

BUILD

PROBLEMSDEVELOP

IDENTIFYSOLUTIONS

IMPLEMENTSOLUTIONS

Engineering todayEngineering today► 1,600,000 engineers in the United 1,600,000 engineers in the United

StatesStates► 5,000 engineers in Maine5,000 engineers in Maine

► Engineers are usually very happy in Engineers are usually very happy in what they do because they get a what they do because they get a chance to work on projects that are chance to work on projects that are creative and help people by making creative and help people by making something work better or safer.something work better or safer.

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