Infsci1073/Telcom 2727 Application Development for Mobile ...

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Infsci1073/Telcom 2727 Application Infsci1073/Telcom 2727 Application Development for Mobile DevicesDevelopment for Mobile Devices

David TipperAssociate ProfessorAssociate Professor

Telecommunications ProgramUniversity of [email protected]@mail.sis.pitt.edu

http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~dtipper/2727.htmlSlides 1Slides 1

Infsci 1073/Telcom 27272

Course Outline Course Outline • Introduction (Ch1, 2)

– Mobile application issues

• Wireless Networks (Ch 3 and Slides)– Cellular Networks (2G, 2.5G, 3G) , WLANs, WPANs

• Location Based Systems/Services (Ch 17)• Mobile Application Architectures/Platforms and Protocols (Ch4-6,11

and posted articles)– WAP, Mobile IP, Wireless Internet, Proxies, Content Adaptation, etc.

• Smart Client Development (Ch 7-10) : – J2ME, – .NET CF C#, – Server side technology– Games

• Thin Client Development (Ch 12-15)– WAP, WML, cHTML, XHTML-MP, Voice-XML

• Case Studies

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Text and Grading

• Text: Mobile and Wireless Design Essentials, M. Mallick, Wiley Publishing, Inc. 2004– High level overview of application development

architectures– Will post many links to online tutorial material on software

development• J2m3, C#, WML, VXML, etc.

• Grading– Homework + Labs (4 labs) 35%– Final Exam 35%– Term Project 30%– Group/individual project that involves developing and deploying

mobile applications• Past Projects include

– Interactive Multiplayer Casino games– Voice activated and played email reader (Text to speech)– Role + Location Based Security Framework– PDA based control of rolling steel mill


MobileMobileCommunication SystemsCommunication Systems

• Wireless Communication System: – Any electrical communication system that uses a naturally

occurring communication channel, such as air, water, earth.• Mobile and Wireless are not interchangeable

Wireless vs. Mobile Examplesstationary computer, pay phonecalling card, call forwardingwireless local loop cell phone, laptop with WLAN

• Mobile Applications over wireless communication systems focus– Communicate over the air via radio-waves– Support some form of user mobility

• Examine how they are different from wired network applications

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Wireless IssuesWireless Issues•• Wireless link implicationsWireless link implications

– communications channel is the air• poor quality: fading, shadowing, weather, etc.

– regulated by governments• frequency allocated, licensing, etc.

– limited bandwidth• Low bit rate, frequency planning and reuse, interference

– power issues• Power levels regulated (safety issues), conserve mobile

terminal battery life

– security issues• wireless channel is a broadcast medium!


Mobility IssuesMobility Issues

• Mobility Types– User mobility : user can access network while mobile

• must handoff calls/connections in progress as user moves• track users as they move so they can receive info/calls

– Service mobility: user’s services follow them• Need to have authentication and services follow user

• Degree of Mobility – Geographic range

• ranges from a house/apartment to worldwide– Speed

• ranges from stationary to bullet train• cordless phone vs. cell phone

• Mobility portable device

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Device Issues• Mobile Device Issues

– Portability • Device and accessories size and weight

– Usability• User characteristics (size, dexterity, knowledge, etc.)• Environment characteristics (Temperature, degree of mobility,

etc)• Device Characteristics

– startup time– data integrity and security– cpu speed and memory size– power supply – user interface (keypad, stylus, voice, etc.)

– Functionality (standalone, network dependent)– Connectability (always, partial, never)

• In general have a limited power supply, user interface and speed compared to stationary device


Mobile Devices

Performance and CostPerformance and Cost

Pager• receive only• tiny displays• simple text

messages•two way pagers

Mobile phones• voice, data• simple text displays• simplified WWW

PDA• graphical displays• character recognition• WWW•Simple versions of standard applications

Palmtop• tiny keyboard• simple versions

of standard applications

Laptop and Tablet PC• fully functional• standard applications

Sensors,embeddedcontrollers

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2.5/3G/WLAN Mobile Devices• More Internet-friendly

interface– Wide, color screens

• More flexible to support new applications– Voice– Video telephony capabilities– Web browsing– Web Games– Electronic postcards– Location-based services– Streaming applications

• Various I/O modes/interfaces– Keypad, – voice recognition, – character recognition,– pen based, – touch screen, etc.


Mobile Terminal MarketMobile Terminal MarketTrend is to combine phone with other handheld devices

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Human Interaction Constraints• Usability Issues with:

– Size (too big and too small)– Errors (too many, unnatural I/O)– Speed (refresh rates not instantaneous)– Power (battery life too short)– Functions provided– GUI design appropriate for user’s task?– Training and Documentation issues

• Unlikely to get one all purpose portable device (despite I-Phone hype!)

“Goldilocks and the Three Bears Problem”


Wireless NetworksWireless Networks

– Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs)• Cellular Networks :

– GSM, cdmaone (IS-95), UMTS, cdma2000 EVDO

• Satellite Networks: – Iridium, Globalstar, GPS, etc.

– Wireless Metro Area Networks (WMANs)• IEEE 802.16 WiMAX

– Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)• IEEE 802.11, a, b, g, etc. (infrastructure, ad hoc, sensor)

– Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)• IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth), IrDa, Zigbee, sensor, etc.

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Wireless NetworksWireless Networks

IEEE 802.16100 MbpsMetro, suburb, campus 1-15 km

WMANs

IEEE 802.15 IrDa, BlueTooth, Zigbee

.1 – 1Mbps5-10 M around deviceWPANs

IEEE 80211a, b, g, etc.1-106 MbpsIn building, campus wide, subdivision wide,Range ~ 100 M per AP

WLANs

2G: GSM, cdmaone2.5G: GPRS, cdma 2000 1X-rtt3G: UMTS, cdma2000 1x-EDVO3.5G: HSPDA

2G: 9.6 – 45 Kbps,2.5G: 50 -300 Kbps3G : 50kbsp- 2Mbps 3.5G: .1 – 10 Mbps

National, Continent wideWWANs

StandardsTypical ThroughputGeographic CoverageNetwork


Evolving Hybrid Network Architecture

Laptops

Handheld PCs Switch & mobility and

radio resource management

Public Switched Telephone or Public

Data Network

Base Station

Multimedia terminal

WLAN

Switch

Access Point

Horizontal or Intra-tech Handoff

Vertical or Inter-techHandoff Router

LAN Segment

Cell

LEGEND WWAN

WPAN

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Mobile Applications

• Wireless Service is nice – BUT to do anything need networked applications

• In this course focus on the applications deployed on top of wireless networks– Voice, data and value added service– Examine existing (SMS) and evolving services (LBS)– Study Technologies that enable services

• Wireless networks, Location tracking, mobile application platforms, etc.

• Protocols: WAP, Mobile IP, Bluetooth, etc. • Software: J2ME, C#, V-XML, etc.

– What are the components, how do they work and are deployed • What are the issues unique to mobile information

systems– security, reliability, mobility, device characteristics, etc.

• Goal to be Smart Integrators


Evolving ApplicationsEvolving Applications

•• Focus on data based services and value added Focus on data based services and value added applicationsapplications–– Mobile Internet AccessMobile Internet Access–– Mobile Intranet/Extranet AccessMobile Intranet/Extranet Access–– Personalized InfotainmentPersonalized Infotainment

•• Video, audio, games, etc. Video, audio, games, etc.

–– Multimedia Message Service (MMS) Multimedia Message Service (MMS) –– Location Based Services (LBS)Location Based Services (LBS)–– Rich VoiceRich Voice

•• Theme Theme –– MultiMulti--mode (multimode (multi--media) servicemedia) service–– Community and identityCommunity and identity

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Something doesn’t seem right. Am I testing the right circuit? This is the one I’mworking on.

Less experienced technician at field site #1.

No, that’s not the correctone. Scan to the left, I’ll tell you to stop whenyou get to the right spot.

Expert technician at field site #2.

Example: Expert on Call

Streaming Media, Real-time voice, Best Effort Data Convergence

Feasible with 3G technology


Sample Multimodal Applications

• Travel information– Make request via voice– Receive response in text

• Directions– Make request via voice– Receive initial response in text– Get updates while traveling via voice or SMS

or map• One-to-many messaging

– Record message via voice or text– Deliver message via voice, SMS, or email

• Location Based Services– List of coffee houses in neighborhood, – List of friends in neighborhood– Directions to nearest X

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Example Application

Marie buys a new phone. She is showing it to her friend Susie.

Marie gives names to positions. Marie leaves to work, surprised that her phone helped her not to be late.

The device has learnt where Marie likes to visit and what she does.

Look, it remembers!

I am going to teach my phone my

habits.

Your phone is beeping

Looks cool!

After one week…


More Multimodal Examples

• Text or voice menus when accessing system– Voice to hear message– Voice or text to select item from menus

• Unified communications– While listening to a voice message from a customer, obtain a text

display of recent customer activity• Proximity Video Dating (3)

– View Video Clips of prospective dates in general area• Emergency response team

– SMS and voice alert– Voice conference, and text updates, while traveling to site of

emergency• Scan bar code of product

– Get ratings from Consumer Reports or other reference group• Location based museum tours with PDA• Asset location with WLANs and LAN ID tags

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Landline

Party 1Dad

Video and Data

3G

Let’s see ifthe kids are

okay.

Party 3Day Care

Voice ConnectionVideo Connection

We need to buy some flowers for the party. Let me show you a

few bouquets.

Data Connection

I like the roses.Can I have themIn a different vase?

How about this? Do you like the

vase?

This is perfect!

Party 2Mom

3G

1-800-Flowers. How can I help

you?

DoneNext Call

Voice Connection

DoneNext CallCall


Early Deployments

• Cricket/Football matches (Hutchinson)– SMS or Ring alert at start of coverage– Live voice coverage or text updates or video

• Festival Information delivery (SFR France)– SMS broadcast with phone # & URL– Choice of text display or

voice (text-to-speech)

• Proximity Video Dating (3)– View Video Clips of prospective dates in

general area

• Location based museum tours with PDA• Asset location with WLANs and LAN ID

tags (PANGO Networks)

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Asset Location

• Deploy WLAN in hospital

• Equipment given LAN ID tags

• Query to find.


Network Operators Need Applications

NewApplicationsprovided by3rd Parties,Operators

Application Platforms/Portals

ServicesCategoriesprovided byOperators

M-Office

Telematics

DispatchTelemetryGamblingBankingTicketing

Rich VoiceLBSMMSInternetAccess

IntranetAccess

Info-tainment

Info-provision

PersonalInfo Management

VideoConferencing

E-Mail

E-Pay Brokering Advertising

HealthCare

Map basedInfo

MusicVideo

InstantMessaging

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Mobile Application Types

• Services can be classified in several ways• Mode of Interaction

– Human to human (voice, instant messaging, etc)– Human to content (email, web browsing, playing video, etc.)– Human to machine (voice mail, scheduling, etc)– Machine to machine (printing file, exchange of address books,

etc)

• Paradigm– client server, peer to peer, standalone

• User– Consumer vs Business (B2B, B2C, B2E)

• Mobile specialized vs. Mobile extension


Consumer vs Enterprise

Consumer• Standard Internet

Applications– web browsing, gaming, music

download, e-commerce

• Mobility based applications,– location-based services,

micro-payment, mobile ticketing, m-commerce

• Wide range of devices• Performance is key• Price sensitive

Enterprise• Standard Business Applications

– e-mail, calendar, voucher, vendor payment, document sharing

– M-office– Customer relations info

• Mobility based applications– Data entry in the field– Field service info– Transportation and logistics

• More uniform high end devices• Security is a key• Performance is also important• Willing to pay more

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Business Value, ROIand Application

Deployment Issues! Not Technology

Selling mobile technology hype

Selling unrealistic solutions e.g., m-commerce portals

Enterprise Customer

Focus

Mobile Vendor Focus

Vendors are ignoring customers demands: show me how to make or save money using mobile?

The Tale of Two Perspectives


Mobile Specialized vs Mobile Extension

MobilePortal

RichVoiceand

SimpleVoice

InternetAccess

Intranet/ExtranetAccess

MultimediaMessaging

Service(MMS)

Location-based

Servics

Customisedinfotain-

ment

Mobile Extension Mobile SpecialisedServices

VoiceVideoInformation and Content

WIRELESS ACCESS MOBILITY REALTIME

Slide adopted from UMTS forum

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Actors in Mobile Applications

• Wireless operators and Service Provider– Provides connectivity, billing and CRM

• Hardware/software Vendors – both terminals and infrastructure

• Software Infrastructure providers – middleware and application development

tools• System Integrators/Application Developers• Content Providers


Value Chain?

WirelessAccessNetwork

WirelessAccessNetwork

TransportNetwork ISP PortalTerminal Content

End-to-End ConnectionSecurity, QoS, Billing

Terminal A Terminal B

Access +TransportNetwork

e.g. PSTN

Traditional Services Model (Voice, Fax, Data, SMS)

Content-related Services Model (e.g., Infotainment)

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Revenues for Service Providers?

• Service Providers expect to charge for– Mobile Internet Access (3% revenue 2010)

• Service fee, airtime– Mobile Intranet/Extranet Access (15% revenue 2010)

• Service fee, airtime, roaming, value added (security)– Personalized Infotainment (28% revenue 2010)

• Service fee, revenue sharing with content provider/portals– Multimedia Message Service (15% revenue 2010)

• Messaging– Location Based Services (3% of revenue 2010)

• Service fee, revenue sharing with content provider/applications– Rich Voice (34% revenue 2010)

• Service fee, airtime, roaming


Issue: How and When should firms make the shiftfrom the E-Business “S curve” to Mobile?

Next Innovation Mobile Apps??

Cascading S-Curves

80’s 90’s 00

MainframeMinicomputer

(30 years)

WebE-commerceE-business(7+ years)

Time

% Adoption

PCClient-Server

(15 years)

GROWTH

MATURITY

INNOVATION

Mobile Solutions

Web Services(?)

05

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Enablers• Wireless network development

– Increased bandwidth/data rate – Falling costs– Always on capability– WLAN – hotspots

• Mobile Devices– Fast development– More connectivity, computing power and autonomy, but lower size, weight

and cost– More functionality – camera, mms, radio, gps, compass, upc scanner, etc.– More input options/features: voice, pen based, touch screen, etc.

• Software Infrastructure– wap, xml, VXML, J2ME, .NET CF, Device emulators, etc.– Smart Clients

• mobile databases, synchronization technology• Standardization

– Software, protocols and hardware (e.g., Bluetooth). etc..


Challenges for mobile applications

• Wireless Network Issues– Coverage – Bandwidth– Latency– Reliability– Cost– Heterogeneity– Security

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Challenges for mobile applications• Mobile device diversity

– Screen resolution– CPU and Memory– Input/Output solution– Operating system– Autonomy, – Size and Weight– Battery Life– Security

• Connectivity solution• Integration with existing systems

– Support of current and future devices• Content formating/adaption


Mobile Application Space

Device Network

Wireless Network

Transport Network

Content Network

Social Network

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