Infra [ initiatives ]
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Amanda Huang, MAUD ‘15Christine Min, M.Arch II ‘15
Grace Xu, MAUD ‘15
Design + PoliticsHarvard University GSD Spring 2015
infra[ init iat ives]
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From our research on infrastructure, we have identified the vulnerabilities as being stemmed from archaic infrastructure and mis-communications that lead to failures of the system.
Regional Analysis_ dependencies of infrastructure
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dependencies on power
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From our research on economics, the region proved to be resilient at a large scale. Upon closer examination, small businesses and renters, especially regions with less diversified economic base, are the most vulnerable.
Regional Analysis_ Economics
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Small Commerce
Food Services
General Services
Health Care Services
Truck Transportation
Finance
Professional ServiceScience
Admin/ Support/IT
Speciality trade contractors
Real Estate
ManufacturerShipments
Merchant Wholesale
Retail Sales
Accommodation/FoodService
Construction
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlingto
n
Camde
n
Cape M
ay
Cumberla
nd
Essex
Glouce
ster
Huds
on
Hunterdo
n
Middles
ex
Mercer
Monmou
th
Morris
Ocean
Passa
icSale
m
Somer
set
Sussex
Union
Warren
Bronx
Kings
Nassa
u
New Yo
rk
Orange
Putnam
Queens
Richmon
d
Rockla
nd
Suffolk
Sullivan
Ulster
Westch
ester
1,000,000-5,000,000
5,000,000-10,000,000
10,000,000+
<20,000
50,000-100,000
100,000-200,000
200,000-300,000
300,000-500,000
Revenue (1,000) Regional Economy|Revenue
500,000-1,000,000
20,000-50,000
Prude
ntial F
inancia
l--84
.8
Hertz
Global
Holdings
--9
Becton
Dick
inson--7
.9
Sealed
Air--7
.9
Cogniza
nt Tec
h--7.3
Automati
c Data
Proce
ssing-
-10.7
Public S
ervic
e Enter
prise
Gro
up--9
.8
Johnso
n and J
ohnso
n--67.2
NRG Energy--
8.4
Merck-
-47.3
Toys
”R” U
s--1
3.5
Bed B
ath an
d Bey
ond-
-9.5
Celgen
e--5
.5Honey
well In
ternati
onal-
-37.7
Chubb--1
3.6
Avaya
--5.2 Cam
pbell
soup-
-7.7
Veriz
on Com
municatio
ns--1
10,87
5.0
J.P. M
orga
n Chase &
Co. --1
10,83
8.
Internati
onal
B. Mac
hines--1
06,91
6.0
Citigro
up--1
02,93
9.0
INTL
FCStone-
-75,4
97.6
America
n Inter
nation
al Gro
up--7
1,730
.0
MetLife
--70,6
41.0
Pfizer--
67,93
2.0
PepsiC
o--6
6,504
.0
Morga
n Stanley
--39,3
76.0
Hess-
-37,8
71.0
Goldman
Sachs G
roup-
-36,7
93.0
New Yo
rk Life
Insu
rance
--34,3
93.5
TIAA-C
REF--34,0
79.0
News C
orp.-
-33,4
05.0
America
n Expres
s--3
2,282
.0
Philip M
orris
Inter
nation
al--3
1,097
.0
Time W
arner
--28,9
74.0
Trave
lers C
os.--
25,44
6.0
Alcoa-
-24,9
51.0
Bristol
-Mye
rs Squ
ibb--2
1,244
.0
Time W
arner
Cable-
-19,6
75.0
PBF Energy--
20.1
Quest D
iagnos
tics-
-7.5
Avis B
udget
Group-
-7.5
Actavis
--5.9
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Atlantic City
leisure and hospitality: 57,400government: 22,600trade, transportation, and utilities: 21,900educational and health services: 17,200manufacturing: 4,500
Philadelphia
educational and health services: 182,700government: 112,200trade, transportation, and utilities: 90,400professional and business services: 84,100leisure and hospitality: 53,400
Newark
trade, transportation and utilities: 217,100professional and business services: 162,300educational and health services: 137,900government: 159,100educational and health services: 137,900
New York City
trade, transportation and utilities_1.5 millioneducational and health services_ 1.3 millionprofessional and business services_1.2 milliongovernment_ 1.2 millionfinancial activities_ .7 million
Jersey City
trade, transportation, and utilities: 1,582,400educational and health services: 1,358,000government: 1,273,000professional and business services: 1,223,500financial activities: 769,700
Government
Retail/Wholesale
Amusement
Food Services
Accommodation
Educational Sv.
Social Assistance
Health Services
Admin/ Support/IT
ProfessionalScience/tech Sv
Real EstateBanking
Insurance/fiscal
Mgmt/Corporation
Mfg/Dist/Trade
InfrastructureTransport
Construction
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlingto
n
Camde
n
Cape M
ay
Cumberla
nd
Essex
Glouce
ster
Huds
on
Hunterdo
n
Middles
ex
Mercer
Monmou
th
Morris
Ocean
Passa
icSale
m
Somer
set
Sussex
Union
Warren
Bronx
Kings
Nassa
u
New Yo
rk
Orange
Putnam
Queens
Richmon
d
Rockla
nd
Suffolk
Sullivan
Ulster
Westch
ester
1,000-5,000
>1,000
10,000-15,000
15,000-20,000
20,000-40,000
40,000-60,000
60,000+
Labor ForceRegional Economy|Labor by County
http://www.eia.gov/ http://www.nj.gov/
5,000-10,000
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1-4 Employees
5-9 Employees
10-19 Employees
20-49 Employees
50-99 Employees
100-249 Employees
250-499 Employees
500-999 Employees
1000+ Employees
Atlantic
Bergen
Burlingto
n
Camde
n
Cape M
ay
Cumberla
nd
Essex
Glouce
ster
Huds
on
Hunterdo
n
Middles
ex
Mercer
Monmou
th
Morris
Ocean
Passa
icSale
m
Somer
set
Sussex
Union
Warren
Bronx
Kings
Nassa
u
New Yo
rk
Orange
Putnam
Queens
Richmon
d
Rockla
nd
Suffolk
Sullivan
Ulster
Westch
ester
1000-2000
2000-3000
5000+
4000-5000
3000-4000
20-100
100-500
<20
Employment BaseBusiness Structure
Venture CapitalPersonal Loans
Bank LoansShared Assets
Stocks and Bonds (Debt Free Capital)Bank Loans
Supplier CreditsStakeholders| Investors Autonomous SubsidariesLimited Finanical Liability
Local Network
Regional|State|Global
Income TaxSelf-Employment Tax
Estimated TaxSocial Security | Income Tax withholding
Taxes for EmployersExcise TaxesFICA Taxes
BOP ( Business Owner’s Policy)General Liability Insurance
Professional Liablity InsuranceCommercial Property Insurance
Workers Compensation InsuranceUnemployment Insurance
Disability Insurance
Product Liability InsuranceProperty Insurance
CasualtyRisk Management Options
Commercial Property Insurance
Excise TaxEmployment Tax
Income TaxShares|Reinvestment
Stateless IncomeFICA
Sole ProprietorshipAssociations
LLC (Limited Liability Company)CoorperativeCorporationPartnership
15%-35% of Taxable IncomeSole Proprietorship 19.8-%
AssociationsLLC (Limited Liability Company)
CoorperativeS Corporation 15-26.9%
Partnership
CorporationPartnership
>500
1-2020-50
100-500
Capital TaxTax System Insurance PoliciesMarket Base/ Client reach
Sole Proprietorship 71.9%
Partnerships 8.6%
C Corporations 7.5%
S Corporations 12.3%
Small Business: Types and distribtions Small Business: Initial Financing Small Business: Lifeline after startup
Separate Corporate Income TaxShareholder Tax
Retained EarningsFringe Benefits
Profit Based
Home-based Businesses 58%(of Sole Proprietorship)
Credit Lines, LoansCapital Leases 55%
Business Credit Cards 34%
Personal Credit Cards 46%
2 years 66%
4 years 49%
6 + years 39.5%
Small Business: Digital Network
Email 86%
Mobile/Text 42%
Facebook|Social Media 50%
Website 27%
Other 27%
Number of Establishments by Business Size to County
Small Business Statistics
Business Anatomy
http://www.sba.gov/ http://www.bls.gov/ http://www.census.gov/ http://www.nj.gov/
500-1000
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HYBRIDIZE_ Energy Innovations : Urban Development
_ Disaster Rebuilding: Improving Existing Fabric
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SMART GRID_ Efficient System between electricity generation, delivery and consumption
_ Disaster Rebuilding: Improving Existing Fabric
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rethink
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two way
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smartgrid platform
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INFRASTRUCTURE
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INFRASTRUCTURE
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
GOVERNANCE
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SCALAR APPROACH
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methodology + approach
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INDEX
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INDEX ISSUE
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INDEX INTERVENTION
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STAKEHOLDERS
PRIV
ATE
PUB
LIC
INTERVENTION
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POWER
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENTAL
INDEX C
ASE STUDY
GOVERNANCE
INDEXING CATEGORY CASE PILLARS IMPACTS
TYPE OF ENERGYTYPE OF DELIVERYENERGY HARVESTING
TYPE OF SOCIAL IMPACTEDUCATION / AWARENESSCOMMUNICATION SKILL BUILDING / LABOR FORCECOMMUNITY BUILDINGCULTURAL
TYPE OF ECONOMIC IMPACTRECIPROCAL REVENUEDEMAND MANAGEMENTINSURANCE FOR FUTURE RISKSDONATION/SUPPORT
TYPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTCLIMATE MITIGATION RENEWABLE ENERGYNATURAL RESOURCE DEPENDENCE
TYPE OF GOVERNANCEPUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPSCITIZEN PARTICIPATION
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smartgrid index overall
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smartgrid index user[ individual ]
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smartgrid index user[ institution ]
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smartgrid index social[ awareness + education ]
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smartgrid index autonomous
[ closed loop distribution ]
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smartgrid index two way
[ flexible distribution ]
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smartgrid index energy[ wind ] [ biofuel ] [ thermal ] [ electric ][ solar ] [ kinetic ]
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smartgrid index scale
[ S ] [ M ] [ L ] [ XL ]
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smartgrid test sites:
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SITE ANALYSIS
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STAKEHOLDERS
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OPPORTUNITIES
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RISK1
RISK2
RISK3
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RISK1
RISK2
RISK3
INDEX
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INTERVENTION1
INTERVENTION2
INTERVENTION3
INTERVENTION4
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INTERVENTION1
INTERVENTION2
INTERVENTION3
INTERVENTION4
TIME SCALE
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IMPACT ANALYSIS
SOCIALINFRASTRUCTURE
GOVERNANCEENVIRONMENTAL
ECONOMIC
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ASToRIA, qUEEnS
nEw BRUnSwICk
ATLAnTIC CITY
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thank you
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thank you
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thank you
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thank you
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thank you
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thank you
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thank you
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thank you
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thank you
![Page 80: Infra [ initiatives ]](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042515/589ecd381a28ab47138b61d3/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
thank you