ABSPLASTIC PIPE & FITTINGS

INFORMATIONAL & TECHNICAL

GUIDE

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ABS Pipe: For Drain, Waste and Vent Applications

WHAT IS ABS PIPE?ABS pipe and fittings are made from a thermoplasticresin called Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (or ABSfor short). Strict quality control procedures for themanufacturing of ABS resins are practiced throughoutthe industry. In addition, third party certifiers periodi-cally audit resin manufacturers for compliance withapplicable standards and quality control requirements.

THE ORIGIN OF ABS PIPEABS pipe and fittings were originally developed inthe early 1950s for use in oil fields and the chemicalindustry. In 1959, John F. Long, a prominent Arizonabuilder, used ABS pipe in an experimental residence,which he built to test the latest ideas in effective,cost-cutting building supplies. Twenty-five years later,an independent research firm dug up and analyzed asection of the drain pipe. The result: no evidence ofrot, rust or corrosion.

In 1960, the FHA approved the use of ABS pipe for DWV applications. Since that time, it has becomethe leading material for DWV applications becauseit offers an outstanding combination of properties.Contractors have installed more than 10 billion feet ofABS pipe in residential and commercial construction.

ABS PIPE OFFERS MANY ADVANTAGES FOR DWV APPLICATIONSToday, ABS plastic pipe is the standard material for many types of DWV systems. Its properties make it ideal for residential homes, manufacturedhousing, commercial and industrial buildings, andrecreational vehicles.

• Ready availability. Schedule 40 ABS pipe (ABSpipe with the same wall thickness as standard steel pipe)and fittings are readily available through plumbingsupply distributors and other sources. ABS pipe is avail-able in 1-1/2” diameter, 2”, 3”, 4” and 6” with solidwall or cellular core wall constructions, both of whichcan be used interchangeably. A full range of fittings(elbows, tees, wyes, couplings and traps) are available.

• Lightweight. A 3” diameter, 10-foot long sectionof ABS pipe weighs under 10 pounds making it easyto handle. Installers find that less physical effort isrequired in handling ABS pipe, making it easy andquick to assemble.

• Easy installation. Assembly involves a one-stepsolvent cementing process. No threading, no primer,no lead pot and torch required! (See pages 10 to 13for complete installation guidelines.)

• Lower cost than cast iron or steel pipe.ABS pipe is less expensive, foot-for-foot, than metalpipe. In addition, easier installation means fasterinstallation time which results in lower labor costs.A DWV installation in a typical two-bath home (withabout 100 joints) can be completed two to six hoursfaster with ABS pipe than with other materials.

• Toughness. ABS pipe exhibits out-standing impact resistance which enables itto resist mechanical damage even at -40°Ftemperatures. ABS pipe has the strength towithstand the crushing loads of soil, slabfoundations and high surface loads withoutcollapse. It is also resistant to the impactof accidental abuse common to con-struction and plumbing operations.

• High performance at extremetemperatures. The slow rate withwhich heat or cold is absorbedenables ABS pipe to retain its tough-ness during temperature changes –an important quality in a system thathandles both hot and cold wastes.

ABS pipe remains rigid during prolonged exposureto high heat such as that associated with a dishwasherdischarging water at 180°F, yet retains its high impactcharacteristics at sub-freezing temperatures.

• Resistance to chemicals and corrosion. ABSpipe offers outstanding resistance to most householdchemicals and many corrosive industrial liquids.(See pages 6 and 7 for details on specific chemicals.)

• High self-ignition point. With a self-ignition temperature of 871°F, ABS pipe is not a fire hazardin a building. If installed properly, it can be used inhigh-rise fire-resistive construction. (See pages 8and 9 for details on ABS pipe and fire issues.)

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the two when connecting building drains to buildingsewers by using transition cement. Consult local codesand pipe manufacturers for specific instructions.

SPECIFICATIONSpecifying ABS pipe is a relatively easy task as thepipe wall of Schedule 40 ABS DWV pipe is the samethickness as Schedule 40 (IPS) steel pipe.

When preparing specifications, it is important tonote the type of materials to be used in DWV applica-tions. Architects, mechanical engineers and buildersshould incorporate ABS pipe and fittings into theirspecifications by a reference similar to the following:“All soil lines, waste lines, vents, and building drainsshall be installed with ABS pipe and fittings conform-ing to Schedule 40 ASTM F 628 or ASTM D 2661.All products shall bear the seal of a nationally-recog-nized listing or certifying agency.”

ABS Pipe: The Standard for DWV Applications

Schedule 40 ABS pipe carries a varietyof informational markings. Cellular-corepipe is marked as shown here; solid pipehas the marking “ASTM D 2661 Schedule40 ABS DWV.” Both types also feature themanufacturer’s code for resin manufacturer,lot number, and date of manufacture, aswell as nominal pipe size and other mark-ings required or permitted by local codes.Fitting markings vary slightly becauseof space limitations.

ABS pipe and fittings are recognized by every majorstandards organization and regional code authority in the United States and Canada. In making the ABSresin itself, manufacturers must meet the ASTMrequirements of Cell Classification 4-2-2-2-2 for pipeand 3-2-2-2-2 for fittings; a series of physical propertytesting on the resin.

ASTM Standards set strict specifications for thequality of ABS pipe and fittings. Schedule 40 ASTM F 628 and ASTM D 2661 Standards define the require-ments which must be met to be eligible for certificationby listing agencies.

With its light weight and unique properties, ABSpiping is easy to install above or below ground. Even so,it’s important that you follow some basic guidelines toensure a successful installation. Always consult andadhere to local codes that regulate ABS pipe for DWVapplications, and secure the necessary plumbing permits.

SELECTIONSelecting the proper ABS pipe and fittings is the firststep to a successful installation. ABS pipe and fittingsfor DWV applications carry a variety of markingsfor easy identification: ASTM and/or CSA standards,manufacturer’s name and trademark, nominal pipe size,the DWV symbol, production code, third-party certifi-cation, listing agency logo and any other markingsrequired or permitted by local codes. Pipe is markedon both sides at two-foot intervals; fitting markingsvary slightly because of space limitations.

When selecting ABS pipe, be sure to choose“Schedule 40 ABS DWV.” Only Schedule 40 pipeand fittings that conform to nationally recognizedstandards may be marked “ABS DWV.” Mixing ofABS and PVC pipe and fittings within the samesystem is not recommended. However, you can join

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ABS Pipe and Fittings in Standards and Codes for DWV Applications

Home DWV InstallationA DWV installation in a typical two-bath home(incorporating approximately 100 joints) canbe completed two to six hours faster with ABSpipe than with other DWV materials due toABS pipe’s one-step solvent cementing process.

PRODUCT STANDARDS:

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

• American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)– ASTM D 2661 (Schedule 40 solid pipe) – ASTM F 628 (Schedule 40 cellular core)– ASTM D 3311 (Specifies drainage pattern

for fittings)

• Canadian Standards Association (CSA)– CSA CAN/CSA B181.1 Schedule 40

• National Sanitation Foundation International (NSF)– Standard NSF 14

MODEL PLUMBING CODES:

• Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCAI) – National Plumbing Code

• International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) – Uniform Plumbing Code

• International Code Council (ICC)BOCAI - SBCCI - ICBO– International Plumbing Code (IPC)

• Council of America Building Officials (CABO)– One and Two Family Dwelling Code

• National Association of Plumbing, Heating and Cooling Contractors (NAPHCC) – National Standard Plumbing Code

• Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI) – Standard Plumbing Code

ABS pipe and fittings are also listed by third party certifiers including CSA, NSF International and IAPMO.

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ABS pipe offers excellent chemical resistance inmany applications. It stands up to any solution ofammonium chloride, calcium chloride or sodiumhydroxide, all of which are corrosive to manymetals. ABS pipe is also unaffected by aqueoussalt solutions, mineral acids and alkalis.

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE FOR INDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONSThe chemical resistance of ABS pipe also makes itsuitable for many industrial applications. Sewagetreatment plants use ABS pipe because it stands up tothe highly corrosive and abrasive liquids commonlyfound in such systems.

ABS Pipe Offers Outstanding Chemical Resistance

Resistance of ABS to HouseholdChemicals

Resistance of ABS to Drain & BowlCleaners

RESISTANCE TO HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALSABS pipe is preferred for residential DWV applicationsbecause of its resistance to the chemicals commonlyused in bathrooms and kitchens. According to studiesperformed by the ABS Institute, ABS pipe was shown tobe unaffected by commonly used household chemicals– including drain and bowl cleaners. Similarly, waterhas almost no effect. In a 24-hour immersion test,ABS pipe absorbed only 0.005% water by weight.

Product Comments EffectTide detergent 10% concentration used was far greater than None

recommended. Solution was very viscous.Soilax cleanser Mostly trisodium phosphate with sodium carbonate,

Nonesodium tripolyphosphate and ammonium chloride.At 20% the solution was saturated and was far moreconcentrated than would be recommended foractual service.

Borax cleanser Mixture of hydrated sodium borates. Saturated Nonesolution is about 2% concentration.

Calgon water softenerSodium hexametaphosphate. None

Clorox bleach Sodium hypochlorite. It is never used at full strengthNone

as it was here.Ammonia 5% solution This

Product Active Major Ingredients “Normal” “Excess”Drano Sodium hydroxide. No effect No

effectLiquid Sani-flush Hydrogen chloride, oxalic acid, alkyl No effect No

effecttrimethyammonium chloride.

Sani-flush Sodium bisulphate, monopotassium No effect Noeffect

peroysulphate.Liquid Plumber Sodium hydroxide. No effect No

effectLysol bowl cleaner Hydrogen chloride, N-alkyl dimethyl No effect No

effectbenzyl ammonium chloride.

Vanish bowl cleaner Sodium acid sulphate. No effect No

The accompanying chart provides a general guideto chemical resistance for specific chemicals. In anygiven application, however, resistance is a function ofmany factors (like temperature, stress and pressure),not just the chemical involved. For particular applica-tion specifications or to find out about any chemicalnot listed, contact an ABS pipe/fittings manufacturer.

Source: ABS Institute

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Acetamide (5%) R R –Acetic acid (glacial) (100%) N N NAcetic acid (50%) N N NAcetic acid (5%) R R –Acetic anhydride (100%) N N –Acetone (100%) N N NAcetophenone N N –Acetyl chloride N – –Alcohol, allyl N N –Alcohol, amyl Tech. pure N N –Alcohol, benzyl N N –Alcohol butyl N N –Alcohol, butyric R R –Alcohol, cetyl R – –Alcohol, ethyl R to N N NAlcohol, furfuryl N N –Alcohol, isopropyl (2-propanol) R – –Alcohol, methyl R to N N NAlcohol, propyl (1-propanol) R – NAluminum salts (chloride, R R R

fluoride, hydroxidemetaphosphate sulphate)

Ammonia, gas, dry N – NAmmonia, aqueous R – RAmmonium salts (acetate, R R –

carbonate chloride, fluoride(10%-25%), hydrosulphide, hydroxide metaphosphate nitrate, phosphate sulphate, sulphide, thiocyanate)

Amyl acetate Tech. pure N N –Amyl chloride (100%) N – NAniline all N N NAqua Regia N – N

Barium salts all R – CBarium bromide R R –Barium carbonate R R –Barium chloride N N –Beer R R NBenzene pure N N NBenzoic acid (aqueous) all R R RBenzoyl chloride N N –Benzyl chloride N N –Black liquor-paper R – NBleach liquor (12.5% active Cl.) R – NBorox R – RBoric acid (aqueous) all R – RBromine (aqueous) R – NBromo ethane N N –Butanone N N –2-butoxyethanol R – –Butyric acetate N N –Butyryl chloride N – –Butyric acid (aqueous) all N N N

Calcium sales (aqueous) R – RCalcium hydroxide R – RCalcium hypochlorite R R RCalcium chloride R R –Calcium bromide R R –Carbon disulfide N N –Carbon dioxide (wet or dry) R R RCarbon tetrachloride N N NCaustic potash (dry & solution) R – RCaustic soda (dry & solution) R – RChloracetic acid N – NChlorine, gaseous, dry N – NChlorine, gaseous, moist N – NChlorobenzene N N NChloroform pure N N NCloropropane N N –Chromic acid (10%) R N NChromic acid (30%) N N –Chromic acid (50%) N – NCitric acid, aqueous saturated R R RCod-liver oil R R –Copper salts, aqueous R – RCopper chloride R – –

Copper sulphate aqueous all R R –Cottonseed oil R R –Cresol (100%) N – NCyclohexane R C –Cyclohexanol C C NCyclohexanone N N NCyclohexylamine N – –

Dibutyl phthalate pure – N –Dichlorobenzene N N –Dichloroethane N N –Diethanolamine R R –Diethyl amine N – –Diethylene glycol R R –Diethyl ether N N –Dimethyl formamide pure N N –Dioctyl phthalate N – NDiphenylamine R R –

Esters N – NEthers N – NEthylacetate pure N N –2-ethyoxyethanol – N –

Fatty acids R – RFerric chloride, aq. all R R –Ferric & ferrous salts, aq. R – RFluorine, wet gas N – NFormaldehyde (to 40%) R R RFormic acid aq. (10%-50%) R to N R NFruit juices & pulp all & fructoseR – NFurtural N – NFurturyl alcohol N N –

Gas, natural, methane R – –Gasoline N – NGlucose – R –Glycerine (glycerol) aq. (to 100%) R R–Green liquor R – R

Heptane R – –Hydrobromic acid, aq. (up to 20%) R –NHydrochloric acid (20%) C C –Hydrochloric acid (up to 36%) C N –Hydrogen chloride gas wet N N –Hydrocyanic acid R – RHydrofluoric acid (10%) R – NHydrofluoric acid (50%) N N –Hydrofluosilicic acid (25%) – N –Hydrogen peroxide, aq. 10 vols C C –Hypochlorous acid R – N

Iodine, aq. N – NIsobutyl alcohol C N –Isobutyronitrite N – –Isopropyl acetate (100%) N – –

Kerosene R – –Ketones N – NKraft paper liquor R – C

Lactic acid (25) R – NLinseed oil R N N

Magnesium salts R – RMagnesium carbonate R R –Magnesium chloride R R –Magnesium sulphate R R –Maleic acid aq. (up to 100%) R – RMesityl oxide N N –2-methoxyl ethanol C N –Methyl acetate N N –Methyl chloride N – NMethyl cyclohexanone R R –Methyl butyl ketone R C –Methyl ethyl ketone N N –Milk R R RMineral oil R – –

Nickel salts R – RNitric acid (5%) R to C N NNitric acid (20%) C to N N N

Nitric acid (>70%) N N NNitrobenzene N N –

Oils and Fats R – NOleic acid R C NOleum N – NOlive Oil R – –Oxalic acid, aq. R – R

Palmitic acid (10%) R – –Paraffin R – –Pentane N N –Perchloric acid, aq. (10%-70%) R – NPerchloroethylene N – –Petroleum (super) N N –Petroleum (sour, refined) R – NPhenol (5%) C – CPhenol N – –Phosphoric acid (50%) R – NPhthalic acid, aq. R R –Picric acid, aq. N – NPotassium salts R – RPropyl alcohol R – N

Sewage, residential R – –Silver salts R – RSoap solutions R – NSodium bromide R R –Sodium carbonate (25%) R R –Sodium chloride aq. salt R R –Sodium chromate R R –Sodium fluoride R R –Sodium hydrogen carbonate R R –Sodium hydrogen sulfite R R –Sodium hydroxide R R –Sodium hypochlorite R to N R NSodium nitrate R R –Sodium perborate aq. all R R –Sodium phosphate aq. saturatedR R –Sodium salts aq. R – RSodium sulphate R R –Stannic salts aq. R – RStannous chloride R R –Stearic acid R – RSulfite liquor R – CSulfur dioxide, dry N – NSulfur dioxide, wet R to N – RSulfuric acid (15%) R R –Sulfuric acid (50%) R C RSulfuric acid (70%) C – NSulfuric acid (>93%) N N N

Tannic acid N – NTanning liquor R – RTartaric acid, aq. R – RTetrahydrofurane N – NToluene N – NTrichloroethylene pure N – NTrichlorobenzene N – –Triethanolamine R to N R NTriethylene glycol R – –Trisodium phosphate R – –Turpentine N – N

Uric acid R – –Urine R – R

Vinegar R – N

Water, distilled, fresh, mine, R – Rsalt, tap

White liquor R – NWines R – N

Xylene N N N

Zinc chloride R R –

NOTE: Chemical resistance data contained in this table is from The Society of Plastics Industry,Inc.,

LEGEND:R = SatisfactoryC = Some AttackN = Unsatisfactory

160°F (71.1°C)CHEMICAL 120°F (48.9°C)(Concentration) 73°F (23°C)

160°F (71.1°C)CHEMICAL 120°F (48.9°C)(Concentration) 73°F (23°C)

160°F (71.1°C)CHEMICAL 120°F (48.9°C)(Concentration) 73°F (23°C)

Chemical Resistance of ABS Plastic Pipe

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Schedule 40 ABS pipe is primarily used in non-rated construction, such as single-family dwellings.When properly installed in compliance with buildingand fire codes, it can also be used in fire-ratedconstruction, such as high-rise dwellings.

HIGH SELF-IGNITION POINTLike many building materials, Schedule 40 ABSpipe will burn under certain conditions. It will notspontaneously combust; however heat and fire sources are essential. ABS pipe must be heated toover 871°F (465°C) before it will self-ignite. Incomparison, the types of wood commonly used inhome framing self-ignite around 500°F (260°C). Inan out-of-control fire, temperatures reach well over1,000°F (540°C), at which point all combustiblesburn. ABS DWV pipe systems typically representless than 1% of the total combustible products inwood-frame construction.

FLAME SPREAD RESISTANCEFlame spread tests, such as the ASTM E-84 tunneltest, were designed to compare the flame spreadcharacteristics of flat surface materials, such asdraperies and finish materials. Since ABS DWVpiping systems are installed behind walls, underfloors and above ceilings, the test is not applicable.However, within a plumbing wall, ABS pipe startsto melt and collapse long before it burns, preventingflame spread up vertical stacks or along horizontalwaste lines.

FIRE-RATED CONSTRUCTIONWhen properly installed, Schedule 40 ABS DWVsystems are suitable for fire-rated wall, floor andceiling assemblies. According to tests conducted bythe National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and detailedin NBS Report Number 10342, ABS pipe thatpenetrates a non-combustible wall will not spread significant amounts of smoke or flame through thewall, provided that the pipe is installed correctly.

SMOKE AND TOXICITYWhen installed as recommended, Schedule 40 ABS pipeproduces little, if any smoke during the early stages of a fire. If the fire is large enough to destroy a build-ing, ABS pipe will burn and produce black smoke.

Like all combustible materials, Schedule 40ABS pipe releases gaseous products when burned.Although no nationally recognized standard exists for measuring toxicity, testing indicates that gasesreleased from burning styrene-based plastics, such asABS, present no greater hazard than gases releasedfrom common building materials, such as the woodused in wall construction.

Most plumbing codes reinforce building codesprovisions by requiring that all pipe penetrations bemade in such a manner as to protect the integrityof fire-rated building walls, floors, and ceilings.Model building codes specify that ABS pipe mustbe protected at penetration of fire-rated assembliesby a through penetration protection assembly thathas been tested and rated in accordance with ASTME 814. The important rating is the “F” rating forthe through penetration assembly. The “F” ratingmust be a minimum of the hourly rating of the fireresistance-rated assembly which the ABS pipepenetrates.

Various firestop devices and systems arecommercially available. These products include:caulks, sealants, foams, putties, wraps, strips,restricting collars, composite sheets, and plasticpipe devices.

SAFE INSTALLATIONTwo of the greatest fire dangers in plumbingcome from the torch and lead pot, both of whichare required to install metallic piping. ABS DWVsystems don’t require either one – eliminating asignificant fire hazard.

ABS Pipe Complies with Building and Fire Codes

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MANUFACTURERS OF FIRESTOP SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS INCLUDE:• Specified Technologies

200 Evans Way, Somerville, NJ 088761-800-992-1180

• Hilti, Inc.5400 S 122nd E. Ave., Tulsa, OK 741211-800-879-8000

• 3M Fire Protection Products3M Center, Bldg 207-1S, St. Paul, MN 55144-10001-800-328-1627

• ProSet Systems1355 Capital Circle, Lawrenceville, GA 302431-800-262-5355

• The Rectorseal Corporation2830 Produce Row, Houston, TX 77023-58221-800-231-3345

• Fire Stop Systems Inc.1412 Derwent Way,Delta, British Columbia V3M6H91-800-810-1788

STORAGE AND HANDLINGYou can store ABS pipe and fittings either inside or out-side. Protect the material from direct sunlight as exposureto the sun can cause uneven expansion. Store ABS pipeon a level support to prevent sagging or bending.

Although ABS pipe is tough, resilient and easy tohandle, it’s softer than metals and more prone to abrasion.Therefore, do not drag it over rough ground.

MEASURING

Planning ahead is very important when installing ABSpipe and fittings in DWV systems. These “systems”have built-in “pitch” or “fall,” and require a high degreeof accuracy in laying out and cutting pipe to exactlengths. Errors cannot be rectified with stress, heat ora hammer.

When measuring, be sure to allow for depth of joints.Do not take measurements with dry pipe inserted partway into the dry fitting socket. Rather, measure to thefull depth of the socket.

Because of the fast set time of the solvent cement,it is often advisable to set up the installation dry andmark fittings for position or alignment, before makingup the joint.

CUTTINGYou can cutABS pipewith appropriate pipe cutters,any crosscut saw or a powersaw equipped with a carbide-tip or abrasive blade. Specialplastic-pipe cutter wheels areavailable to fit standard cutters.You can also use lightweight,quick-adjusting cutters designedexclusively for plastic piping.

Do not use pipe cutters with dull wheels – especiallywheels used previously to cut metal – as they will exertexcessive pressure, causing larger shoulders and burrsthat you will need to remove.

ABS pipe requires a square cut for good jointintegrity. To ensure a square cut, use a power saw onlarge jobs and a miter box on small jobs. If these arenot available, scribe the pipe and cut to the mark.

After cutting ABS pipe, ream it inside and chamferit outside to remove burrs, shoulders and ragged edges.

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PIPE FITABS pipe is manufactured to closetolerances to ensure a satisfactory“interference” fit between pipe andsocket during assembly. Manufacturersdesign these interference fits right intothe sockets of plastic fittings. Use onlycombinations of pipe and sockets that give interferencefits, as loose connections between the two may notproperly bond. ABS pipe should enter the dry fittingsocket to between 1/3 and 3/4 of the fitting socket depth.

ABS pipe has a higher expansion and contractionrate than metallic pipe. Under normal circumstances(that is, relatively short runs), this is not an issue. Forindustrial applications, with longer runs and highercapacity, it may be necessary to plan for expansion.Various methods – including expansion joints, guides,clamped flexible connectors, hubless couplings and off-set piping arrangements – can be employed to controlexpansion and contraction. Obtain specific informationfrom ABS pipe and fitting manufacturers.

SUPPORTS

ABS pipe should be supported similarly to other pipingsystems using pipe hangers. Avoid hangers that maycut or compress pipe and tight clamps or straps whichprevent pipe from moving or expanding.

Support piping at intervals of not more than four feet. In addition, support pipe at branches, at changes of direction, and when using large fittings to reduce stress. Although supports should provide free move-ment, they must restrict upward movement of lateralruns so a reverse grade, which could back up the system, is not created on branch piping. Holes made for pipe through framing members must be sized toallow for free movement.

Use supports for vertical piping at each floorlevel, or as required by expansion/ contraction design.Mid-story guides can provide greater stability.

REDUCING NOISETo reduce ABS pipe noise in DWV systems, followgood plumbing practices. Carefully locate plumbing wallstacks to avoid critical areas, such as living rooms. Usea plumbing “wall” of adequate thickness to properlyaccommodate the system without restriction. Supportpipe properly and ensure that it doesn’t touch plaster-board or panel walls to avoid setting up an echo

ABS Pipe Installation Guidelines

Transition joints between ABS and PVC non-pressurepiping components can be joined with solvent cementspecified in ASTM D3138. This cement is for use onlyat the single transition joint; don’t use it to mix ABSand PVC pipes and fittings within a system.

ABS pipe with transition fittings can be caulked withlead into cast iron without damage. ABS plastic absorbsheat so slowly that the lead cools before distorting theABS adapter or pipe end. You can also connect ABSpipe to copper with transition fittings.

THREADED CONNECTIONSNever thread or tap Schedule 40 ABS pipe orfittings; instead, use molded threaded adapters.Seal threads only with listed thread tape orthread lubricant. Never use pipe dope: somecompounds may soften the pipe surface, andunder compression, that softening can set upinternal stress corrosion.

When installing, turn threads as tightly aspossible by hand. Then, with a strap wrench,further tighten the joint one full turn. Do notoverturn.

UNDERGROUND INSTALLATIONSFor underground installations such as building drains,branch lines and sewers, piping should be uniformlysupported over its entire length on firm, stable material.Start by grading all trenches to eliminate stone andpockets. Then, fill holes with clean fill, and tamp itproperly. Once you have installed the pipe, backfillalong its sides with selected fill and tamp carefully toprotect pipe alignment. Then backfill on top of the pipewith selected fill to a depth of 12 inches. The trenchcan then be filled to the top in the usual manner.

PROTECTION FROM FREEZINGWhen you need to protect trapsand fixtures from freezing, do notuse alcohol or petroleum products.Instead, use only one of the following solutions:

• Approved plastic pipe antifreeze packagedfor this purpose

• Sixty percent, by mass, of glycerin in water

• Twenty-two percent, by mass, of magnesium chloride in water

• Strong solutions of common table salt (sodium chloride)

chamber effect. Wrap stacks and piping in critical wallspaces with sound-deadening material, or pack the wallwith insulation. Use long radius fittings and anchorrisers between floors and ceilings to prevent noise.

JOININGABS DWVpipe and fittings are joined with solvent cement thattemporarily soften the joining surfaces. This briefsoftening period enables you to seat the pipe into thesocket’s interference fit. The softened surfaces then fusetogether and joint strength develops as the solventsevaporate. The resulting joint is stronger than the pipeitself. Because of the conditions involved, it’s importantto move quickly and efficiently when joining ABS pipe.

Before you cement a joint, make sure the pipe andfittings are free of dust, dirt, water and oil. To ensureproper alignment in the final assembly, carefully markfor position any fittings to be rolled or otherwise aligned.

When cementing, use only an ABS solvent cementthat meets ASTM Standard D2235. (Be sure to sealcement cans when not in use, as the cement quicklythickens and hardens.) Applicators furnished with thecement are satisfactory, as are ordinary bristle paint-brushes. For fast application, the width of the applicatorshould be at least half the diameter of the pipe.

Apply a light, even coat in the socket of the fittingand on the pipe. Immediately insert the pipe all the wayto the socket bottom and give the pipe a one-quarterturn. Hold the joint together until a tight set is attained.A proper joint normally shows a bead around its entireperimeter. After setting, wipe excess cement from the pipe.

Curing time depends on weather, applicationtechnique, the cement being used and the degree ofinterference fit between pipe and fitting.

JOINING TO OTHER MATERIALSYou can join ABS pipe to other sewer materials byusing proper transition adapters or alternative methods,as approved by local plumbing codes.

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10 Quick Installation Steps

.00Measure pipe from bottom or shoulder ofeach socket into which pipe is to fit.

Ream inside and chamfer outside of pipeto eliminate all burrs. Sand lightly.

Check dry fit of pipe in fitting socket.Pipe should enter fitting socket tobetween 1/3 and 3/4 of the socket depth.Be sure to use only approved types offittings and adapters.

Cut pipe to required length, making sure cut is square.(See page 10 for a listing of proper tools.)

Clean all dirt, moisture, and grease from pipe and fit-ting socket, using a clean, dry cloth.

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Immediately insert pipe into fittingsocket, giving the pipe a one-quarterturn and making sure it goes all theway to the socket bottom.

Check cement bead around joint. Aproper joint will normally show a beadaround its entire perimeter. Any gapsmay indicate insufficient cement or theuse of light-bodied cement on largerdiameters where heavy-bodied cementwas required. After setting, wipe excesscement from the pipe.

Using a brush or dauber-type device, apply a light coatof ASTM D2235 ABS solvent cement to the inside ofthe fitting socket, using straight, outward strokes. Applysolvent cement to the outside of the pipe in a similarmanner. Time is important at this stage: apply cementquickly and do not allow it to set before the joint is puttogether. Be especially quick when the temperature isover 100°F (38°C) or humidity is over 60 percent. Alwaysfollow safe-handling practices when using solvent cements:use in a well-ventilated area, avoid skin contact (weargloves) and do not use near heat, sparks or open flame.

Hold the joint together until a tight set is attained.

Don’t move the system until the joints have cured(set) at least as long as recommended by the solventmanufacturer. MEK-based solvent cement conformingto ASTM D2235 usually sets up in two minutes atabout 70°F (21°C), with faster setting at higher temper-atures and slower at lower temperatures. An ABS pipestack can usually be tested within one hour after thelast joint is completed. At this point, a water test canbe done to test the integrity of each joint. Do not airtest, as it is not recommended for ABS pipe systems.Check local code requirements for clarification.

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QUESTION:

WHAT IS THE FLAME SPREAD RATING FORABS PIPE?

ANSWER:

Flame spread tests, such as the ASTM E-84 tunneltest, are designed to test the flame spread character-istics of flat surface materials, such as draperies andfinish materials. Since ABS DWV piping systemsare installed behind walls, under floors and aboveceilings, flame spread tests are not appropriate.

QUESTION:

WHAT STANDARDS APPLY TO ABS PIPEAND FITTINGS?

ANSWER:

A variety of standards published by the followingorganizations:

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI) • American Society for Testing and Materials

(ASTM) • Canadian Standards Association (CSA)• National Sanitation Foundation International

(NSF). • Building Officials and Code Administrators

(BOCAI)– National Plumbing Code

• International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) – Uniform Plumbing Code

• International Plumbing Code (IPC)• Council of America Building Officials (CABO)

– One and Two Family Dwelling Code• National Association of Plumbing, Heating and

Cooling Contractors (NAPHCC) – National Standard Plumbing Code

• Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI) – Standard Plumbing Code

ABS pipe and fittings are also accepted by modelcodes, including National Plumbing Code and listedby third party certifiers including CSA, NSFInternational and IAPMO.

QUESTION:

CAN ABS PIPING BE USED FOR UNDER-GROUND DWV APPLICATIONS?

ANSWER:

Yes. ABS pipe when properly installed, can with-stand loads of soil, under slab foundations and highsurface loads without collapse, cracking or denting.

QUESTION:

WHAT KIND OF CHEMICAL RESISTANCEDOES ABS PIPE PROVIDE?

ANSWER:

ABS pipe offers excellent chemical resistance inmany applications. It is resistant to any solution ofammonium chloride, calcium chloride or sodium hydroxide, all of which are corrosive tomany metals. ABS pipe is also unaffected by water,aqueous salt solutions, mineral acids and alkalis.

QUESTION:

HOW DURABLE IS ABS PIPING?

ANSWER:

Super-tough ABS pipe withstands earth loadsand shipping damage. It has excellent resistance tobreaking, scratching, chipping and wear, even at lowtemperatures.

QUESTION:

WILL HOT WATER DAMAGE ABS SYSTEMS?

ANSWER:

ABS pipe performs in a wide range of temperatures,from -40°F to 180°F. In addition, it absorbs heatslowly and is unaffected by the high temperatures of water discharged from dishwashers and washing machines.

QUESTION:

WILL ABS PIPE RUST OR CORRODE?

ANSWER:

ABS pipe does not rot, rust, corrode or collect waste.Its smooth interior finish ensures superior flow.

Commonly Asked Questions About ABS Pipe

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QUESTION:

ARE THERE COST ADVANTAGES INUSING ABS PIPE?

ANSWER:

ABS pipe is not only less expensive thanmetal pipe, but also more economical toinstall, due to a one-step solvent cementingprocess. In addition, it takes less time torough in a DWV system with ABS pipethan with any other DWV material.

QUESTION:

IS ABS PIPE EASY TO INSTALL?

ANSWER:Yes, even for the do-it-yourselfer. ABSpipe is so lightweight that one person canload and unload it. With a one-step solventcementing process, ABS pipe is easy to join.It can also be cut with a variety of readilyavailable tools.

QUESTION:

CAN ABS PIPE AND PVC PIPEAND FITTINGS BE USED WITHINTHE SAME SYSTEM?

ANSWER:

It’s not recommended. However, ABS pipeand PVC pipe and fittings can be joinedwhen connecting building drain to buildingsewer materials, if you use proper transitioncement and adapters or other methods asapproved by local plumbing codes.

LONG-LASTING SCHEDULE 40 ABS PIPE• Sets the standard for DWV applications• Is easier and less expensive to install• Features superior flow due to smooth

interior finish• Does not rot, rust, corrode or collect waste• Withstands earth loads and shipping

(with proper handling)• Resists mechanical damage, even at low

temperatures• Performs at an operational temperature

range of -40°F to 180°F• Is lightweight (one person can load

and unload)• Takes less time to rough in than other

DWV materials

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PLASTIC PIPE AND FITTINGS ASSOCIATION800 Roosevelt Road, Building C, Suite 20, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137-5833 (630) 858-6540 • Fax (630) 790-3095