information visualisation and its application in scientometrics
Information Visualisation - Lecture 4
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Transcript of Information Visualisation - Lecture 4
@wassxILV Informationsvisualisierungen
Information Visualisation
#viz_lnz
Information Visualisation
Lecture 4 - Interaction
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"The first and main goal of any graphic and visualization is to be a tool for your eyes and brain to perceive what lies beyond their natural reach".
Alberto Cairo in "the functional art"
Remember?
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„Overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand.“
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See detail, zoom out to get on overview, find some related information, zoom in again to find details of
original object of interest.
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3 Interlocking Feedback Loops
Data manipulation loop Objects are selected and moved using basic skills of eye-hand coordination.
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3 Interlocking Feedback Loops
Data manipulation loop Objects are selected and moved using basic skills of eye-hand coordination.
Exploration and navigation loopAnalyst finds her way in visual data space (cognitive spatial model)
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3 Interlocking Feedback Loops
Data manipulation loop Objects are selected and moved using basic skills of eye-hand coordination.
Exploration and navigation loopAnalyst finds her way in visual data space (cognitive spatial model)
Problem-solving loop Analyst forms hypotheses
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3 Interlocking Feedback Loops
Data manipulation loop Objects are selected and moved using basic skills of eye-hand coordination.
Exploration and navigation loopAnalyst finds her way in visual data space (cognitive spatial model)
Problem-solving loop Analyst forms hypotheses
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Data Manipulation Loop
Choice Reaction Time
Hick-Hyman’s Law
Jay Hyman
T = a + b.log2(n)
n = Amount of choicesT = Reaction timea,b = Empirically determined constants
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Data Manipulation Loop
Choice Reaction Time
Factors: • Distinctness of signal • Amount of visual noise • Stimulus-response compatibility • Degree of accuracy • ~160ms / bit of information
e.g.: 8 choiceslog(8) / log(2) = 3 3 * 160 = 480ms
Hick-Hyman’s Law applied
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Data Manipulation Loop
Two-Dimensional Positioning and Selection
from Information Visualization, Perception for Design, Colin Ware
T = a + b.log2(D/W + 1.0)D = Distance W = Width T = Selection time a,b = Empirically determined constants
Fitt’s Law
Paul Fitts
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Data Manipulation Loop
Two-Dimensional Positioning and Selection
from Information Visualization, Perception for Design, Colin Ware
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
Navigation Control Loop
from Information Visualization, Perception for Design, Colin Ware
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
Wayfinding, Cognitive Maps, and Real Maps
Seigel, A. W., & White, S. H. (1975). The development of spatial representations of large-scale environments.
1. Key landmarks are learned
2. Procedural Knowledge from one location to other 3. Cognitive spatial map is formed
3 stages by Seigel and White
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
Key landmarks are learned
Seigel and White 1975
Initially no spatial understanding of the relationships between them. Declarative knowledge
Think of recognising a e.g. crossing, radio tower, church,… in a town.
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
Procedural Knowledge about Routes between Landmarks
Seigel and White 1975
Development of knowledge how to get from one point to another. Landmarks serve as decision points.
Think of recognising a e.g. crossing, radio tower, church,… in a town.
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
Cognitive spatial map is formed
Seigel and White 1975
Representation of space (2D) and has quantitative information about distances. Cognitive spatial map allows estimations of distances.
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Cognitive spatial map is formedOverview Map
The camper
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
Focus, Context and Scale
• Spatial Scale Common for mapping applications. E.g. Spatial behaviour of users in a certain city, country, continent.
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
Focus, Context and Scale
• Spatial Scale Common for mapping applications. E.g. Spatial behaviour of users in a certain city, country, continent.
• Structural Scale E.g. software has structural components on different level of detail. Code -> Method -> Class -> … -> System
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
Focus, Context and Scale
• Spatial Scale Common for mapping applications. E.g. Spatial behaviour of users in a certain city, country, continent.
• Structural Scale E.g. software has structural components on different level of detail. Code -> Method -> Class -> … -> System
• Temporal ScaleTiming of events in different scales. E.g. Network traffic pattern of overall infrastructure, pattern during a day, pattern of single transaction (microseconds)
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
Focus, Context and Scale
Focus-context problem has been spatially solved by human visual system (moderate changes in scale). The brain continuously integrates information from successive fixations of the fovea with less-detailed information from periphery.
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
http://www.visualcinnamon.com/occupations
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
http://bost.ocks.org/mike/fisheye/
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
http://mbtaviz.github.io
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Exploration and Navigation Loop
http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/1667367
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Resources
Interview with designer of Ironman HUD